Geotechnical consequences of the Newcastle Coal Measures rocks     

G. H. Mcnally  D. F. Branagan 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2014,61(3):363-374

This paper attempts to relate the lithology and fabric of four main groups of Newcastle Coal Measures rock types to their geotechnical properties and engineering behaviour. The four groups comprise: massive sandstone and conglomerate; claystones and tuffs; mudstone, shale and siltstone; and the coal itself. Although their geological relevance is primarily concerned with underground coal mining, these rocks are exposed at the surface across most of Newcastle and its suburbs, and are thus significant in terms of urban environmental geology. The key mining issues include longwall support design and panel layouts, caving and subsidence mechanisms, soft floors and stiff roofs, water inflows and pillar design. The urban geotechnical issues include landslides and rock falls, shallow abandoned mine workings, reactive and erodible soils, waste disposal and potential sources for geomaterials.  相似文献   

中祁连地块西段青白口系其它大坂组英安质凝灰岩LA- ICP- MS锆石U- Pb年龄及其地质意义     

张金明  陈光庭  才航加 《地质论评》2023,69(2):747-760

新元古界青白口系其它大坂组是中祁连地块西段基底岩系之一,对研究中祁连地块元古宙地质构造演化具有重要意义。笔者等通过1∶5万区调工作在其它大坂组中发现了英安质晶屑岩屑凝灰岩夹层,并对凝灰岩进行了锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石地球化学研究。测年结果表明样品中锆石年龄主要分3组。结合区域地质资料,笔者等认为第一组锆石(1456～1524 Ma)和第二组锆石(1018～1021 M)为外来锆石或/碎屑锆石,分别为物源区中元古代早期Columbia超大陆裂解事件和Rodinia大陆聚合事件(格林威尔造山作用)在中祁连地块中的响应;第三组锆石(946～964 Ma)的n(²⁰⁶Pb)/n(²³⁸U)加权年龄为958±3 Ma(MSWD=1.4),代表英安质凝灰岩的形成时代。岩石地球化学分析表明,其它大坂组英安质晶屑岩屑凝灰岩样品属于过铝质(A/CNK=1.37～1.75)、高钾(K₂O>Na₂O,K₂O=4.48%～4.86%)、钙碱性(σ=0.89～1.26)火山岩,稀土总量为(149....  相似文献   

大兴安岭南部幸福之路组的时代及二叠—三叠系界线研究——来自凝灰岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄的证据   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

张海华郑月娟  陈树旺张 健 公繁浩 苏 飞 黄 欣 《中国地质》2015,(6):1754-1754

多数研究者认为西拉木伦河—长春—延吉断裂带为华北与西伯利亚两大板块的最后缝合带,但最后拼合时间仍存在分歧,原因之一是对晚二叠世—早三叠世地层研究不足,尤其是对上二叠统与下三叠统接触关系研究更为欠缺。幸福之路组分布于大兴安岭南部,为一套以红层为主要特征的杂色碎屑岩组合,含有叶肢介、介形虫、双壳、植物及孢粉化石。笔者对采自巴林右旗幸福之路苏木幸福之路组上段的岩屑晶屑凝灰岩样品进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年分析,结果为(254.3±2.6)Ma。结合已有的火山岩测年及化石资料认为,幸福之路组上段下部时代为晚二叠世,上部为早三叠世早期,大兴安岭地区上二叠统与下三叠统为连续沉积,晚二叠世晚期两大板块发生碰撞拼合,古亚洲洋消失,发生南北生物群的混生,早三叠世西伯利亚板块和华北板块碰撞结束。  相似文献   

Sheathfolds in rheomorphic ignimbrites   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

M.?J.?BranneyEmail author  T.?L.?Barry  M.?Godchaux 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2004,66(6):485-491

Structural reappraisal of several classic rheomorphic ignimbrites in Colorado, Idaho, the Canary Islands and Italy has, for the first time, revealed abundant oblique folds, curvilinear folds and sheathfolds which formed during emplacement. Like their equivalents in tectonic shear-zones, the sheathfold axes lie sub-parallel to a pervasive elongation lineation, and appear as eye structures on rock surfaces normal to the transport direction. With the recognition of sheathfolds, ignimbrites previously inferred to have undergone complex rheomorphic deformation histories are re-interpreted as recording a single, progressive deformation event. In some examples, the trends of sheathfolds and related lineations change with height through a single ignimbrite suggesting that rheomorphism did not affect the entire thickness of ignimbrite synchronously. Instead, we infer that in these ignimbrites a thin ductile shear-zone rose gradually through the aggrading agglutinating mass whilst the flow direction varied with time. This suggests that, in some cases, both welding and rheomorphism can be extremely rapid, with ductile strain rates significantly exceeding rates of ignimbrite aggradation.Editorial responsibility: T. Druitt  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地中三叠统与上三叠统地层界线讨论   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

邓秀芹 《地质学报》2009,83(8):1089-1096

针对延长组地层划分的争议,开展了延长组孢粉组合、岩石学特征、湖盆演化规律等对比分析,结果显示长8－长10地层与长1－长7地层差异显著。其中,长8－长10油层组沉积期,地势平坦,河流、三角洲和滨浅湖沉积发育,岩石成分成熟度低,孢粉组合中蕨类植物孢子占优势,中三叠世的重要分子Punctatisporites、Verrucosisporites含量较高;长7油层组沉积期深湖范围宽广,盆地西南、西部地区长7砂岩中石英含量明显提高,岩石类型发生较大的改变,西缘和西南缘沉积体系也由辫状河、辫状河－三角洲体系演化成冲积扇、扇三角洲沉积体系,该段地层孢子花粉含量相近,以具有晚三叠世色彩的Duplexisporites大量出现为特征。此外,在盆地西部、西南及湖盆中部地区,长7底部稳定分布的一套凝灰岩薄层,记录了同期的火山、岩浆活动等地质事件,为早印支运动的重要表现形式,因此长7与长8之间地层界线为中三叠统与上三叠统界线。  相似文献   

富火山物质烃源岩评价方法——以北疆石炭系为例     

曲彦胜 《地质论评》2019,65(Z1):171-172

正新疆北部石炭系发育一套巨厚的混杂有火山物质的烃源岩。有机质丰度以及类型等指标显示具有作为烃源岩的潜力。笔者综合运用薄片等分析资料将其划分为凝灰岩、沉凝灰岩、凝灰质泥岩、含碳质泥岩,并分类研究了其地球化学特征。针对富火山物质烃源岩成熟度高、有机质丰度低的特点,首次运用生烃模拟实验结合数值模拟开展其有机碳含量恢复,建立了不同火山物质含量烃源岩有机  相似文献   

High‐precision Dating and Geological Significance of Chang 7 Tuff Zircon of the Triassic Yanchang Formation,Ordos Basin in Central China     

ZHU Rukai  CUI Jingwei  DENG Shenghui  LUO Zhong  LU Yuanzheng  QIU Zhen 《《地质学报》英文版》2019,93(6):1823-1834

The Ordos Basin, as the second largest petroliferous basin of China, contains abundant oil and gas resources, oil shale, and sandstone-type uranium mineral resources. Chang 7 shale is not only the major source rock of the Mesozoic petroliferous system of the Basin, but is also crucial in determining the space-time distribution relationship of the shale section for the effective exploration and development of the Basin's oil and gas resources. To obtain a highly precise age of the shale development section, we collected tuff samples from the top and bottom profile of the Chang 7 Member, Yishi Village, Yaoqu Town, Tongchuan District, on the southern margin of the Ordos Basin and performed high-precision chemical abrasion(CA)–isotope dilution(ID)–thermal ionization mass spectrometry(TIMS) zircon U-Pb dating on the basis of extensive laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(LA-ICP-MS) zircon U-Pb dating data. Our results show the precise ages of the top and bottom zircon in the Chang 7 shale to be 241.06±0.12 Ma and 241.558±0.093 Ma, respectively. We first obtained Chang 7 age data with Grade 0.1-Ma precision and then determined the age of the shale development in the Chang 7 Member to be the early-Middle Triassic Ladinian. This result is supported by paleontological evidence. The deposition duration of the Chang 7 shale is 0.5 Ma with an average deposition rate of the shale section being 5.3 cm/ka. Our research results provide time scale and basic data for further investigation of the basin–mountain coupling relation of the shale section, the sedimentary environment and volcanic ash and organic-matter-rich shale development relation, and the organism break-out and organic-matter enrichment mechanism.  相似文献   

浙西北建德地区休宁组沉积时限的厘定:来自凝灰岩锆石U- Pb年代学的制约     

邓奇  汪正江  杨菲  崔晓庄  王剑  任光明  周效华  熊小辉  蔡娟娟 《地质学报》2019,93(2):414-427

浙西北建德地区休宁组(原称志棠组)是华南新元古代的重要地层单元之一,但其沉积时限和区域对比关系长期存在争论。本文对采自休宁组下部和上部的凝灰岩进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,获得两件凝灰岩样品的形成年龄分别为785.0±2.8Ma(MSWD=0.85,n=37)和727.5±7.3Ma(MSWD=0.64,n=7)。结合前人研究成果认为,休宁组沉积时限为～800Ma至～728Ma;野外沉积学研究表明,休宁组沉积构造发育,主体属于正常气候条件下的冲积扇和滨浅海(湖)沉积,非南华冰期地层;区域上,休宁组与板溪群及其相当地层的中上部、莲沱组、苏雄组/开建桥组、澄江组沉积时限基本相当,与下冰期(Sturtian冰期)长安组不存在对比关系,应明确为华南"四堡造山运动"不整合面之上、南华冰期之下的一套裂谷充填序列。  相似文献   

胶莱盆地莱阳群杨家庄组沉凝灰岩SHRIMP U-Pb年代学特征及地质意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

张志刚  宁振国  许克民 《山东国土资源》2020,36(6):9-13

胶莱盆地为一发育于华北陆块东部的白垩纪断陷盆地,该次工作主要对盆地底部莱阳群杨家庄组中沉凝灰岩层进行了初步研究,通过对沉凝灰岩岩石学、锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年代学的研究,认为胶莱盆地莱阳群杨家庄组中凝灰岩层形成时代为131.1±1.7Ma,限制了莱阳群杨家庄组的沉积时限,为胶莱盆地早期的形成与演化提供了新的年代学依据。沉凝灰岩中获得单颗碎屑锆石年龄为835±23Ma,指示苏鲁造山带为莱阳群提供了物质来源。  相似文献   

滇中禄丰地区中元古代早期球颗玄武岩的锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及其大地构造意义     

刘军平  孙柏东  王晓峰  刘伟  马进华  关学卿  宋冬虎  吕勃烨 《地质论评》2020,66(1):35-51

在1∶5万区域地质调查的基础上,在禄丰地区东川群黑山组新发现了球颗玄武岩及凝灰岩夹层。采用LA-ICP-MS技术测得球颗玄武岩和凝灰质板岩中锆石U-Pb加权平均年龄分别为1678±10 Ma和1572±19 Ma,表明黑山组沉积时代为中元古代早期;其中球颗玄武岩SiO_2含量介于40.83%～52.56%,δEu正异常,大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba和高场强元素Nb、Ta、Th等强不相容元素相对富集,全岩地球化学显示为大陆板内低钛拉斑海相玄武岩,形成于伸展的构造环境,可能为Columbia超大陆裂解的产物。本次的发现,为准确地标定东川群时代、层序及大地构造属性提供新的参考依据,也为重塑整个滇中前寒武纪地层格架提供时代约束。  相似文献