苏门答腊外海13.5万年来的火山灰记录:来自深海沉积物岩心IR-GC1的证据     

QIU Zhongyan  HAN Xiqiu  JIN Xianglong  WANG Yejian  ZHU Jihao 《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,33(12):75-80

Three volcanic ash layers were identified in a deep-sea Core IR-GC1 from the north-eastern Indian Ocean, adjacent to western Indonesian arc. They were dominated by glass shards with minor mineral crystals, such as plagioclase, biotite, and hornblende. According to the morphology and major element compositions of the representative glass shards, combined with the δ18O-based age, it is suggested that ash Layer A is correlated to the youngest Toba tuff(YTT), Layer B is supposed to be associated with a new eruption of Toba caldera in an age of 98 to 100 ka. Ash Layer C is different the geochemistry characteristics than those of Layer A and Layer B, suggesting that Layer C was not originated from Toba but registered another volcanic eruption event.  相似文献   

新疆东准噶尔卡拉麦里蛇绿岩的形成和侵位时限——来自辉绿岩和凝灰岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄的证据   总被引：12，自引：3，他引：9  

黄岗  牛广智  王新录  郭俊  宇峰 《地质通报》2012,31(8):1267-1278

新疆东准噶尔卡拉麦里蛇绿岩是中亚造山带中最具代表性的蛇绿岩之一,其所代表的古洋盆的形成和关闭时限一直受到地学界的密切关注。采用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Th-Pb同位素方法,获得卡拉麦里蛇绿岩中辉绿岩的年龄为416.7Ma±3.2Ma,代表了卡拉麦里蛇绿岩的形成年龄。不整合于蛇绿岩之上的地层凝灰岩的年龄为343.0Ma±5.0Ma,限定了卡拉麦里蛇绿岩侵位时代的上限,同时也为沉积盖层提供了可靠的年龄依据。即卡拉麦里蛇绿岩所代表的古大洋形成于早泥盆世洛霍考夫期,闭合于早石炭世杜内期前。卡拉麦里蛇绿岩形成和侵位时代的准确限定对研究东准噶尔的构造演化和古生代中亚地区构造格局提供了重要的制约。  相似文献   

The Hianana Volcanics: Remnants of a Late Permian tuff ring and lava flow,Coombadjha Volcanic Complex,northeastern New South Wales     

J. McPhie 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(4):417-433

The Hianana Volcanics consist of bedded tuff and dacitic lava that form a locally mappable unit within the extensive, Late Permian silicic volcanic sequence of northeastern New South Wales. Principal components of the bedded tuff are crystal and volcanic lithic fragments ranging from coarse ash to lapilli, accompanied by variable amounts of fine ash matrix. Well denned plane parallel thin bedding is characteristic. Sandwave bed forms, including low‐angle cross‐beds and wavy beds, are confined to an area of 2–3 km² coinciding with the thickest sections (70 m) of bedded tuff. A high‐aspect ratio flow of porphyritic dacitic lava overlies the bedded tuff in the same area. The setting, lithofacies, extent and geometry of the bedded tuffs of the Hianana Volcanics are comparable with modern tuff rings which are composed of the deposits from base surges generated by explosive phreatomagmatic eruptions at primary volcanic vents. Many of these have also discharged lava late in their activity. Proximal parts of the Hianana tuff ring were buried by the porphyritic lava after the phreatomagmatic eruptions had ceased. In more distal sections, the bedded tuff is less than 10 m thick and dominantly comprises fine grained, plane parallel, very thin beds and laminae; these features suggest an origin by fallout from ash clouds that accompanied the phreatomagmatic eruptions. The distal ash was covered and preserved from erosion by a layer of welded ignimbrite, the source of which is unknown.  相似文献   

扬子西缘元古宙峨边群烂包坪组地层归属及其锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年代学证据     

熊国庆  江新胜  崔晓庄  卓皆文  陆俊泽  刘建辉  汪正江  王剑 《地学前缘》2013,20(4):350-360

扬子西缘峨边群地层序列一直以来存在争议,其时代归属缺乏地质年代学约束。通过对扬子西缘元古宙峨边群各组、段岩石组合特征、沉积充填序列及其沉积接触关系的综合分析,初步确定了峨边群烂包坪组地层归属。该地层应位于原峨边群上部,代表一次新的构造旋回开始,已不属于峨边群地层范畴。在烂包坪组下部凝灰岩中首次获得的(779.3±15.7) Ma锆石SHRIMP U Pb年龄,进一步证实其形成于新元古代,而非中元古代。(2 737±30) Ma和(2 480±29) Ma的两个单颗粒锆石SHRIMP U Pb年龄,表明扬子西缘峨边-金口河地区可能存在古老的新太古代结晶基底。这些研究成果和新的认识将有助于推动扬子西缘峨边群研究工作的深入开展。  相似文献   

西藏谢通门雄村地区洞嘎金矿赋矿凝灰岩的年代学和地球化学特征     

何青  解鸿儒  郎兴海  王旭辉  邓煜霖  谢富伟  王涌滔  杜良艺  吴伟哲  王勇  刘洲基  姜楷  詹宏宇 《地质论评》2023,69(5):1694-1718

西藏谢通门县雄村地区洞嘎金矿作为南拉萨地体较早发现的独立金矿,其成矿作用研究较为薄弱。笔者等以洞嘎金矿赋矿凝灰岩为研究对象,开展了岩相学、年代学、地球化学和Hf同位素特征研究,探讨洞嘎金矿赋矿凝灰岩的岩石成因及构造背景,揭示凝灰岩对成矿的控制作用。LA- ICP- MS锆石U- Pb定年结果显示,凝灰岩结晶年龄为185. 1 ± 1. 9 Ma（MSWD = 0. 48）,成岩时代为早侏罗世;主量元素地球化学特征显示K2O/Na2O值（2. 91 ~ 12. 3）较高,属于钙碱性系列;微量元素地球化学特征显示富集大离子亲石元素（如Sr、Ba）和轻稀土元素（LREEs）,亏损高场强元素（如Nb、Ta、Ti等）和重稀土元素（HREEs）。结合微量元素构造环境判别图解,认为凝灰岩形成于新特提斯洋洋壳北向俯冲相关的大洋岛弧环境。另外,凝灰岩以Nb/Ta值为14. 0 ~ 17. 8、La/Nb平均值<2. 50、Zr/Ba平均值为0. 31为特征,具有较高的正的εHf(t)（+ 8. 05 ~ + 14. 2）,暗示凝灰岩岩浆源区为受到新特提斯俯冲洋壳释放的流体交代的亏损软流圈地幔楔;岩浆上升侵位的过程中未受到地壳物质的混染,主要经历了橄榄石和单斜辉石结晶分异。洞嘎金矿赋矿凝灰岩中的裂隙构造不仅为洞嘎金矿的含矿热液运移提供了空间,而且也为矿质的沉淀提供了场所;同时,凝灰岩也起到了盖层作用,保护矿床形成后免受剥蚀作用的影响。综合分析认为,洞嘎金矿形成于新特提斯洋北向俯冲的大洋岛弧环境,是斑岩型铜金矿床外侧的热液脉型金矿体。  相似文献   

松辽盆地德惠断陷营城组凝灰岩储层地质特征     

迟唤昭  赵玉婷  刘财  王桐  胡佳  杨松杉 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2022,52(1):55-67

为了探讨储层微观孔隙特征及产能规律,给火山岩油气开发提供有利依据,通过对松辽盆地德惠断陷营城组凝灰岩进行岩心描述,结合测井、地震资料,X 衍射、扫描电镜、物性、含气性等数据进行构造背景分析,开展了凝灰岩储层地质特征综合研究.结果表明:研究区营城组凝灰岩矿物成分主要为石英、长石和黏土矿物,凝灰岩发生了风化蚀变作用,火山灰偏中性;区内凝灰岩在横向上分布广泛,在纵向上由多个叠合单元构成,测井曲线具“三高两低”的特征.按照凝灰岩的发育规模和含气性特征将火山机构分成小规模、中规模和大规模凝灰岩火山机构３类.凝灰岩储层为中孔低渗型储层,为低产储层,其低产因素有两个:一是黏土矿物(尤其是伊蒙混层)质量分数较高,二是受深部压实作用影响.凝灰岩储层次生孔隙所占比例大于８０％,主要储集空间类型为溶蚀孔和溶蚀缝,溶蚀孔主要以长石溶蚀孔和基质溶蚀孔为主,裂缝发育是形成凝灰岩优质储层的关键因素,在中浅部(尤其是构造高部位)地区易形成高产气层,利用测井曲线(补偿中子＋密度)可有效预测凝灰岩储层.  相似文献   

中祁连地块西段青白口系其它大坂组英安质凝灰岩LA- ICP- MS锆石U- Pb年龄及其地质意义     

张金明  陈光庭  才航加 《地质论评》2022,68(4):2022082021-2022082021

新元古界青白口系其它大坂组是中祁连地块西段基底岩系之一,对研究中祁连地块元古宙地质构造演化具有重要意义。笔者等通过1∶5万区调工作在其它大坂组中发现了英安质晶屑岩屑凝灰岩夹层,并对凝灰岩进行了锆石U- Pb年代学、岩石地球化学研究。测年结果表明样品中锆石年龄主要分3组。结合区域地质资料,笔者等认为第一组锆石（1456～1524 Ma）和第二组锆石（1018～1021 M）为外来锆石或/碎屑锆石,分别为物源区中元古代早期Columbia超大陆裂解事件和Rodinia大陆聚合事件（格林威尔造山作用）在中祁连地块中的响应;第三组锆石（946～964 Ma）的n（206Pb）/n（238U） 加权年龄为958±3 Ma（MSWD=1.4）,代表英安质凝灰岩的形成时代。岩石地球化学分析表明,其它大坂组英安质晶屑岩屑凝灰岩样品属于过铝质（A/CNK=1.37～1.75）、高钾（K2O>Na2O,K2O=4. 48%～4. 86%）、钙碱性（σ=0. 89～1. 26）火山岩,稀土总量为（149. 7～156. 4）×10-6,（La/Yb）N为10. 15～10. 61,具负Eu异常（δEu=0. 62～0. 63）,富集K、Rb、Ba、Th等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ti等高场强元素,显示出与岛弧钙碱性火山岩相似的特点,形成于活动大陆边缘环境,是中祁连地块中—新元古代早期Rodinia超大陆形成地质事件的响应。  相似文献   

Widespread transport of pyroclastic density currents from a large silicic tuff ring: the Glaramara tuff, Scafell caldera, English Lake District, UK   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

R. J. BROWN  B. P. KOKELAAR†  M. J. BRANNEY 《Sedimentology》2007,54(5):1163-1190

The Glaramara tuff presents extensive exposures of the medial and distal deposits of a large tuff ring (original area >800 km²) that grew within an alluvial to lacustrine caldera basin. Detailed analysis and correlation of 21 sections through the tuff show that the eruption involved phreatomagmatic to magmatic explosions resulting from the interaction of dacitic magma and shallow-aquifer water. As the eruption developed to peak intensity, numerous, powerful single-surge pyroclastic density currents reached beyond 8 km from the vent, probably >12 km. The currents were strongly depletive and deposited coarse lapilli (>5 cm in diameter) up to 5 km from source, with only fine ash and accretionary lapilli deposited beyond this. As the eruption intensity waned, currents deposited fine ash and accretionary lapilli across both distal and medial regions. The simple wax–wane cycle of the eruption produced an overall upward coarsening to fining sequence of the vertical lithofacies succession together with a corresponding progradational to retrogradational succession of lithofacies relative to the vent. Various downcurrent facies transitions record transformations of the depositional flow-boundary zones as the depletive currents evolved with distance, in some cases transforming from granular fluid-based to fully dilute currents primarily as a result of loss of granular fluid by deposition. The tuff-ring deposits share several characteristics with (larger) ignimbrite sheets formed during Plinian eruptions and this underscores some overall similarities between pyroclastic density currents that form tuff rings and those that deposit large-volume ignimbrites. Tuff-ring explosive activity with such a wide area of impact is not commonly recognized, but it records the possibility of such currents and this should be factored into hazard assessments.  相似文献   

Zircon SHRIMP U–Pb and in-situ Lu–Hf isotope analyses of a tuff from Western Beijing: Evidence for missing Late Paleozoic arc volcano eruptions at the northern margin of the North China block     

Shuan-Hong Zhang  Yue Zhao  Biao Song  Yue-Heng Yang 《Gondwana Research》2007,12(1-2):157

Zircon SHRIMP U–Pb and in-situ Lu–Hf isotopic analyses via laser ablation microprobe-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (LAM-ICPMS) of a tuff within the Upper Paleozoic from Western Beijing were carried out to give new constraints on volcano eruption ages and source area of the tuffs within the North China block (NCB). SHRIMP U–Pb zircon dating of the tuff yielded a ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U weighted mean age of 296 ± 4 Ma (95% confidence, MSWD = 3.3), which is very similar to the emplacement age of the newly discovered Carboniferous calc-alkaline, I-type continental arc granitoid plutons in the Inner Mongolia Paleo-uplift (IMPU) on the northern margin of the NCB. In-situ Lu–Hf analysis results of most zircons from the tuff yielded initial ¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf ratios from 0.282142 to 0.282284 and ε_Hf(t) values from − 15.9 to − 10.7. These Lu–Hf isotopic compositions are very similar to those of the Late Carboniferous granitoids in the IMPU, but are very different to those of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). Together with the sedimentary and tectonic analyses results, we inferred that the source area of the tuffs within the NCB is the IMPU instead of the CAOB. Therefore, some arc volcanoes once existed in the IMPU on northern margin of the NCB during the Late Carboniferous, but they were entirely eroded due to strong exhumation and erosion of the IMPU during the Late Carboniferous to Early Jurassic.  相似文献   

贵州盘县羊槛地区安尼锡克中期凝灰岩的发现及其意义   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

万大学 《贵州地质》2002,19(2):77-81

本文在简要描述新发现于盘县羊槛地区凝灰岩产出的地质、岩石学和岩石化学特征的基础上，认为它是产于中三叠世安尼锡克中期的中性火山碎屑岩，属半局限台地环境的远火山口相产物。这对研究该时期火山活动及其产于该层位的海生爬行动物和鱼类等珍稀化石的生态和环境等都具有重要意义。  相似文献