流纹英安凝灰岩中发现铁铝榴石     

夏一文  金玉书 《矿物学报》1985,(4)

铁铝榴石在凝灰岩中有两种产状:一种呈晶屑状稀疏地分布于凝灰岩中;另一种为四角三八面体和菱形十二面体的聚形铁铝榴石晶体,生于凝灰岩的孔洞中和柱状节理面上。 铁铝榴石为褐红色,少数为血红色,玻璃光泽,断口油脂光泽,透明。摩式硬度6—7.5,无解理,比重:D_1(晶屑)=4.15、D_2(晶体)=4.10。薄片下为浅褐色,均质体,折射率:N_1(晶屑)=1.822、N_2(晶体)=1.823。铁铝榴石结晶化学式: 晶屑:(Fe_(1.779)~(2 )Mn_(0.750)Mg_(0.022)Ca_(0.057))_(2.608)(Al_(1.890)Fe_(0.178)~(3 )Ti_(0.009))_(2.077)Si_(3.133)O_(12) 晶体:(Fe_(2.045)~(2 )Mn_(0.614)Mg_(0.025)Ca_(0.065))_(2.749)(Al_(1.759)Fe_(0.062)~(3 )Ti_(0.006))_(1.327)Si_(3.254)O_(12) 本文还作出了铁铝榴石晶屑和晶体的红外光谱吸收曲线。 流纹英安凝灰岩中的铁铝榴石晶屑是从岩浆中原始结晶的。而生于凝灰岩孔洞中和柱状节理面上的铁铝榴石晶体,则是凝灰岩在冷却成岩过程中火山气水热液作用的产物。 流纹英安凝灰岩中铁铝榴石的发现,为研究石榴石的产状提供了新资料。  相似文献   

Optical dating of hydromagmatic volcanoes on the southwestern coast of Jeju Island, Korea     

C.S. Cheong  J.H. Choi  Y.K. Sohn  J.C. Kim  G.Y. Jeong 《Quaternary Geochronology》2007,2(1-4):266-271

Jeju Island, the largest Quaternary volcanic island in Korea, has formed mostly since the early Pleistocene, but its latest chronology of volcanism and sedimentation is still poorly constrained. Here we report optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) ages for two hydromagmatic volcanoes on the southwestern coast of Jeju Island, i.e., the Songaksan and Suwolbong tuff rings. The basaltic tuffs of these volcanoes contain abundant quartz sands from underlying marine sedimentary sequences. Two samples collected from the middle part of the Songaksan Tuff yielded highly reproducible quartz single-aliquot regenerative-dose (SAR) OSL ages of 7.0±0.3 ka, providing the first direct age estimate of Holocene volcanism in Jeju Island. The quartz OSL age estimate of 5.1±0.3 ka for the younger reworked basaltic tuff (the Hamori Formation) is comparable with previous radiocarbon and U-series disequilibrium dating of fossil mollusk shells. Two samples from the Suwolbong Tuff show quartz OSL age estimates of 18.3±0.7 and 18.6±0.9 ka, which are identical within error ranges and younger than the quartz OSL age estimate of 23.2±1.0 ka for the underlying Gosan Formation. This study confirms that volcanism and attendant sedimentation were active in Jeju Island until very recently.  相似文献   

Hydrogeologic characteristics of the alluvial tuff aquifer of northern Sahand Mountain slopes, Tabriz, Iran   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

A. Asghari Moghaddam  M. Allaf Najib 《Hydrogeology Journal》2006,14(7):1319-1329

The Tabriz area is a densely populated area of northwestern Iran (more than 1.5 million in population) with a large proportion of its drinking, domestic, industrial and agricultural water supplied from groundwater resources. The average rate of drinking and industrial water use in the city of Tabriz is about 3.45 m³ s^–1. The Plio-Pleistocene unconfined alluvial tuff aquifer (about 1,275 km²), the most important aquifer in the area, has been known for many years as a reliable resource. The greatest estimated thickness of the alluvial tuff lies in the Saidabad area, with 350 m thickness. There are 994 deep and 284 shallow active pumping wells and 83 qanats operate in the alluvial tuff aquifer. The total water withdrawal from all these artificial discharge points has been measured at 72, 3.8 and 17 million m3/year, respectively. Analytical and numerical methods have been applied to the constant rate pumping test data from the Saidabad wellfield (eight pumping and three observation wells). The values of electrical conductivity in the groundwater of alluvial tuff aquifer range from 203 to 960 μS cm^–1 and bicarbonate type water dominates.  相似文献   

相山铀矿田邹家山工区含铀凝灰岩的矿化特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

薛振华  蒋振频  董永杰  喻建发  胡荣泉  张柳贵 《铀矿地质》2004,20(2):85-90

相山铀矿田邹家山工区 5 0m中段发现含铀凝灰岩 ,化学分析结果显示 ,这种凝灰岩铀矿石中铀含量达 7 1 3 % ;该矿石中绿泥石含量较高。笔者认为 ,在相山铀矿田中 ,花岗斑岩与凝灰岩接触部位应有富铀矿体存在。  相似文献   

The Cougar Point Tuff: Implications for Thermochemical Zonation and Longevity of High-Temperature, Large-Volume Silicic Magmas of the Miocene Yellowstone Hotspot   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

CATHEY  HENRIETTA E.; NASH  BARBARA P. 《Journal of Petrology》2004,45(1):27-58

The 12·7–10·5 Ma Cougar Point Tuff in southernIdaho, USA, consists of 10 large-volume (>10²–10³ km³each), high-temperature (800–1000°C), rhyolitic ash-flowtuffs erupted from the Bruneau–Jarbidge volcanic centerof the Yellowstone hotspot. These tuffs provide evidence forcompositional and thermal zonation in pre-eruptive rhyolitemagma, and suggest the presence of a long-lived reservoir thatwas tapped by numerous large explosive eruptions. Pyroxene compositionsexhibit discrete compositional modes with respect to Fe andMg that define a linear spectrum punctuated by conspicuous gaps.Airfall glass compositions also cluster into modes, and thepresence of multiple modes indicates tapping of different magmavolumes during early phases of eruption. Equilibrium assemblagesof pigeonite and augite are used to reconstruct compositionaland thermal gradients in the pre-eruptive reservoir. The recurrenceof identical compositional modes and of mineral pairs equilibratedat high temperatures in successive eruptive units is consistentwith the persistence of their respective liquids in the magmareservoir. Recurrence intervals of identical modes range from0·3 to 0·9 Myr and suggest possible magma residencetimes of similar duration. Eruption ages, magma temperatures,Nd isotopes, and pyroxene and glass compositions are consistentwith a long-lived, dynamically evolving magma reservoir thatwas chemically and thermally zoned and composed of multiplediscrete magma volumes. KEY WORDS: ash-flow tuff; Bruneau–Jarbidge; rhyolite; Yellowstone hotspot; residence time  相似文献   

Evolution of an englacial volcano: Brown Bluff,Antarctica     

I. P. Skilling 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1994,56(6-7):573-591

Marine shallow-water to emergent volcanoes have been described in detail, but comparable englacial centres are not well documented. Brown Bluff is a Pleistocene, shallow water, alkali basaltic volcano whose deposits were ponded within an englacial lake, enclosed by ice >400 m thick. Its evolution is divided chronologically into pillow volcano, hyalotuff cone, slope failure and hyaloclastite delta/subaerial stages. Seventeen lithofacies and five structural units (A-E) are recognised and described. The pillow volcano stage (Unit A) is similar to those of many submarine seamount volcanoes. It comprises extrusive and intrusive pillow lavas draped by slumped hyaloclastite. Units B and D define the hyalotuff cone stage, which was centred on a summit vent(s), and comprises slumped, poorly sorted hyalotuffs redeposited downslope by sediment gravity flows and ponded against an ice barrier. This stage also includes water-cooled subaerial lavas and massive hyalotuffs ponded within a crater. Cone construction was interrupted by drainage of the lake and slope failure of the northeast flank, represented by debris avalanche-type deposits (Unit C). Unit E represents the youngest stage and consists of a Gilbert-type hyaloclastite delta(s), which prograded away from a summit vent(s), and compound subaerial lavas. A second drainage episode allowed subaerial lavas to accumulate in the surrounding trough.  相似文献   

浅议临澧县白土坡玻屑凝灰岩的岩石学特征     

朱中行  赵德章 《湖南地质》1994,13(2):94-98

临澧县白土坡玻屑凝灰岩（或半固结火山灰）赋存在第四系下更新统，层状或似层状，岩石松散，镜下具典型的玻屑凝灰结构。主要由流纹质火山玻屑，少量斜长石、石英及黑云母晶屑以及粘上矿物等组成。流纹质火山玻璃的电子探针分析平均值（％）：ＳｉＯ＿２７４．９７、Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３１４．０４６、ＣａＯ０．３２６、ＫｚＯ６．９３３、Ｎａ＿２Ｏ２．５３６、ＦｅＯ０．５１，总量９９．５２。  相似文献   

中扬子区巴东组凝灰岩层的锆石U- Pb年龄约束     

马千里  柴嵘  杜远生  杨江海  戴贤铎 《地质学报》2019,93(11):2785-2796

印支运动深刻地改变了华南大陆和东亚的古地理格局,导致了大规模的海陆变迁。在扬子北缘发育有以紫红色碎屑岩为主的巴东组及相关地层,代表了从碳酸盐岩为主的海相沉积到碎屑岩为主的陆相沉积的转变。巴东组可划分为三段,即一、三段的紫红色粉砂岩、泥岩夹二段灰岩泥灰岩。由于巴东组三段的化石稀少,其年代归属一直存有争议。本文运用LA-ICP-MS定年方法,对新发现于鄂西秭归地区巴东组二段的凝灰岩夹层进行了锆石U-Pb定年。结果表明,来自于巴东组二段中部和顶部的两件凝灰岩样品分别形成于241.7±1.7Ma和237.5±2Ma。结合凝灰岩层的就位年龄和生物化石记录,巴东组地层时代被限定为中三叠世安尼期至晚三叠世卡尼期。凝灰岩中锆石颗粒多呈长柱状,无磨圆,发育明显的振荡环带,且具有与造山型岩浆锆石一致的微量元素化学特征。以巴东组灰岩为代表的"最高海相层"穿时地分布于鄂东南至川西一线,反映了上、中扬子区由中三叠世安尼期晚期至晚三叠世卡尼期海水大规模向西退去的海陆变迁特征。  相似文献   

华北克拉通西南缘高山河组凝灰岩锆石U- Pb年龄及其地质意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

谭聪  卢远征  宋昊南  吕奇奇  邓胜徽  王华建  苏玲 《地质学报》2019,93(5):1113-1124

华北克拉通西南缘高山河组是中元古代重要的地层单元之一,但其沉积时限和地层对比关系长期存在争论。本文对采自甘肃省华亭县马峡镇高山河组下部的凝灰岩进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素年龄测定,获得凝灰岩样品的高精度年龄为1759±17Ma。结合区域资料和前人研究成果,初步将该地区高山河组的形成年代限定在1770～1600Ma之间,并进一步限定高山河组下部熊耳群火山岩系的形成时代介于1800～1770Ma之间。此为首次在华北克拉通西南缘高山河组获得高精度年龄,不仅确定了高山河组沉积时代应为长城纪,也为整个华北克拉通西南缘中元古代地层划分对比和地质演化及其进一步进行微古生物研究等地质问题奠定了重要的年代学基础。  相似文献   

扬子北缘西乡群大石沟组和三郎铺组凝灰岩锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

邓奇  王剑  汪正江  江新胜  杜秋定  伍皓  杨菲  崔晓庄 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2013,43(3):797-808,819

对采自扬子北缘西乡群大石沟组和三郎铺组的凝灰岩进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年。结果表明,大石沟组和三郎铺组的凝灰岩年龄分别为（789.0±4.4） Ma（MSWD=0.66）和（760.4±4.5） Ma（MSWD=0.43）。根据已有的资料分析,西乡群的底界年龄约为820 Ma,区域上大体可与板溪群及其相当地层进行对比,为华南新元古代裂谷盆地的早期充填,其与下伏三花石群分别代表了上下2个不同的构造-沉积旋回。结合前人研究结果,华南新元古代的岩浆活动初步显示有三幕的特征,它们的峰值年龄分别约为825 Ma、795 Ma和760 Ma,其中以前两期最为明显,分别标志着裂谷盆地的开启和全面打开。笔者报道的大石沟组和三郎铺组凝灰岩分别代表了795 Ma和760 Ma两期幕式岩浆活动,它们不仅是华南新元古代幕式岩浆活动的一部分,也与华南新元古代裂谷盆地的形成密切相关,具有不可忽视的地质意义。  相似文献