壳寡糖对刺参生长、免疫反应和抗病力的影响     

韩丽蓉  徐玮  汪东风  王艳龙 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2014,44(3)

以初始质量(5.28±0.03)g的仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicas Selenka)为实验对象,进行为期56d的摄食生长实验。在基础饲料中分别添加0、0.25%、0.50%、1.00%和2.00%的壳寡糖(Chitosan oligosaccharide,COS),配制成5种实验饲料,研究壳寡糖对仿刺参生长、免疫反应和抗病力的影响。结果表明:饲料中添加了壳寡糖后,刺参的特定生长率呈上升趋势,但与对照组无显著性差异(P0.05)。饲料中添加壳寡糖对刺参体腔细胞吞噬活性的影响不显著(P0.05),而显著提高了刺参体腔细胞的呼吸爆发活力(P0.05)。饲料中添加0.50%的壳寡糖可显著提高刺参体腔细胞的一氧化氮合酶活性(P0.05)。刺参体腔细胞内酸性磷酸酶活性呈下降趋势,其中0.50%壳寡糖添加组显著低于对照组(P0.05)。攻毒实验表明,饲料中添加壳寡糖对提高抵抗灿烂弧菌的能力无明显作用(P0.05)。综合比较表明,饲料中添加壳寡糖,对刺参的生长和抵抗灿烂弧菌的能力有一定的促进作用。  相似文献   

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袁丽  李恒  王秋良  陈圆圆  冯静 《大地测量与地球动力学》2014,34(3):23-27

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海水中沉底油的风化特性及鉴别方法研究     

杨世莉  孙冰  严志宇  刘慧  张硕慧  刘正江 《海洋科学》2014,38(8):46-51

通过对具有代表性的两种原油和两种船用燃油进行340 d的室外模拟风化模拟实验,运用GC-FID法和同步荧光光谱法对海水中风化的漂浮油和沉底油的特性进行分析,为沉底油溯源提供相关依据,以此完善海上溢油事故的监管工作。结果表明:4种实验油品的漂浮油和沉底油荧光光谱差别不大,因此可以用荧光光谱法初步测定沉底油的风化时间;沉底油受蒸发、光解等影响弱于漂浮油,其GC可保持低碳组分峰形,并且由于生物降解,沉底油的气相谱图中均出现不可分辨的复杂混合物(UCM)的特征图谱,可以作为判断是否沉底的判据;两种方法相结合,可以建立一种确定溢油时间、风化经历及方法,以便对溢油进行更准确的溯源。  相似文献   

Water chemistry and hydrometeorology in a glacierized catchment in the Polar Urals,Russia     

Łukasz Stachnik  Piotr Wałach  Łukasz Uzarowicz  Jacob C. Yde  Zornitza Tosheva  Dominika Wrońska-Wałach 《山地科学学报》2014,11(5):1097-1111

This study aims to determine the relationships between local meteorological conditions,proglacial river discharge and biogeochemical processes operating in a periglacial basin located in the Polar Ural mountain range, Russia. Fieldwork was conducted in the catchment of Obruchev Glacier(13 km2) during the summer peak flow period in 2008. River discharge was dominated by snowmelt and changed from 3300 l s-1 to less than 1000 l s-1. The mean daily air temperatures of stations situated in the mountain tundra and near Obruchev Glacier from July 11 th to August 1st 2008 were 14.4°C and 10.3°C, respectively. The glacial river had low total dissolved solids varying from 4.5 to 9 mg l-1 and coefficients of correlation between Na+ and Cl-, K+ and Cl-, as well as NH4+ and Cl- were 0.94, 0.90 and 0.84, respectively. Rainfall events affected the snowmelt initiation and provided an essential part of the discharge during the intense snowmelt period, which occurred from July 11 th to July 18 th 2008. Data showed that Na+ and K+ in the surface water derived from snowmelt rather than chemical weathering of silicates. Also, it was obtained that NO3- derived from the melting snowpack, whereas ammonification occurring under the snowpacks was the primary source for NH4+.  相似文献   

Terrestrial laser scanning soil surfaces: a field methodology to examine soil surface roughness and overland flow hydraulics   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Mark W. Smith  Nicholas J. Cox  Louise J. Bracken 《水文研究》2011,25(6):842-860

Conventional roughness–resistance relationships developed for pipe and open‐channel flows cannot accurately describe shallow overland flows over natural rough surfaces. This paper develops a new field methodology combining terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and overland flow simulation to provide a high‐resolution dataset of surface roughness and overland flow hydraulics as simulated on natural bare soil surfaces. This method permits a close examination of the factors controlling flow velocity and a re‐evaluation of the relationship between surface roughness and flow resistance. The aggregate effect of flow dynamics, infiltration and depression storage on retarding the passage of water over a surface is important where runoff‐generating areas are distant from well‐defined channels. Experiments to separate these effects show that this ‘effective resistance’ is dominated by surface roughness. Eight measurements of surface roughness are found to be related to flow resistance: standard deviation of elevations, inundation ratio, pit density (measured both perpendicular and parallel to the flow direction), slope, median depth, skewness of the depth distribution and frontal area. Hillslope position is found to affect the significant roughness measures. In contrast, infiltration rate has little effect on the velocity of water fronts advancing over the soil surfaces examined here and the effect of depression storage is limited. Overland flow resistance is depth dependent where complex microtopographic structures are progressively inundated. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

考虑碎石桩排水能力复合地基中孔压长消解析解          下载免费PDF全文

王武刚  闫澍旺  刘润  徐余 《地震工程学报》2011,33(Z1)

由于地震作用时间较短,且碎石桩渗透能力和土体渗透能力相比并不是无限大,因此本文考虑碎石桩排水能力研究了碎石桩桩体材料由地震引起的孔压的长消规律。根据比奥固结理论综合考虑碎石桩的排水能力和相应的初始条件及边界条件,推导出了能够真实反映碎石桩排水减压作用在地震期超孔隙水压力产生、扩散、消散过程中的贡献作用的一般解析解公式。同时讨论了碎石桩渗透能力的不同对抗震液化的影响作用。  相似文献   

从农村民居抗震性能现状谈防震减灾规划目标的实现——以山西新绛县为例     

闫增平  袁淑琴 《山西地震》2011,(3):44-45,48

通过对新绛县农村民居状况进行调查,分析了农村民居抗震性能的现状及造成现状的原因,并提出了改进的具体措施及建议。  相似文献   

火灾下约束钢柱临界温度的参数分析     

李国强  陈琛 《地震学刊》2011,(6):603-608

利用经实验验证过的ABAQUS有限元模型对轴力和弯矩共同作用下的约束钢柱进行了参数分析。以钢柱的屈曲温度和临界温度作为主要的评价指标,主要考虑了轴力荷载比、弯矩荷载比、轴向约束刚度比、转动约束刚度比、长细比和钢柱端部弯矩比等参数的影响,并且对不同参数之间的耦合性进行了分析。参数分析结果表明,轴向约束刚度的增大将会明显降低约束钢柱的屈曲温度,但是对其临界温度的影响相对较小;端部弯矩比对钢柱的临界温度影响很小;当钢柱的轴力荷载比和弯矩荷载比较小、轴向约束刚度比和长细比较大时,考虑屈曲后性能可以显著提高钢柱的抗火能力。  相似文献   

Evaluation of collapse resistance of RC frame structures for Chinese schools in seismic design categories B and C   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

Baoxin Tang  Xinzheng Lu  Lieping Ye  Wei Shi 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2011,10(3):369-377

According to the Code for Seismic Design of Buildings (GB50011-2001), ten typical reinforced concrete (RC) frame structures, used as school classroom buildings, are designed with different seismic fortification intensities (SFIs) (SFI=6 to 8.5) and different seismic design categories (SDCs) (SDC=B and C). The collapse resistance of the frames with SDC=B and C in terms of collapse fragility curves are quantitatively evaluated and compared via incremental dynamic analysis (IDA). The results show that the coll...  相似文献   

烟曲霉对蛇纹石和橄榄石风化作用的试验研究     

姚敏杰  连宾 《地质学报》2011,85(9)

含镁硅酸盐矿物是重要自然资源,国内外大都采用传统的化学方法进行开发利用,而微生物法释放含镁硅酸盐矿物中镁和硅的研究还未见报道。试验采用摇瓶培养与对照结合的方法研究烟曲霉(Aspergillusfumigatus)对含镁硅酸盐矿物——蛇纹石和橄榄石的风化作用。试验采用ICP-OES测定第5、10、20、30 d培养液滤液中Mg2+和Si的含量,同时对相应试样的pH值和代谢产物进行分析测定,采用SEM和TEM观察作用后的微生物-矿物聚集体。结果表明,烟曲霉作用蛇纹石和橄榄石试样滤液中的Mg2+和Si含量变化不仅与烟曲霉生长状况有关,而且与矿物的晶体结构相关,蛇纹石较橄榄石更易被烟曲霉风化;另外烟曲霉在生长过程中产生的酸性代谢产物有助于对矿物的风化;SEM和TEM观察结果直观地显示出烟曲霉对蛇纹石和橄榄石的风化作用痕迹。综合分析认为,烟曲霉对蛇纹石和橄榄石的风化作用应该是酸溶作用、菌丝对矿物的穿插包裹和菌丝体对养分的吸收等方式协同作用的综合效果。研究结果为探讨真菌与矿物相互作用的过程与机理以及为微生物法开发蛇纹石和橄榄石矿产资源提供了基础资料。  相似文献