空气潜孔锤钻进技术在援豫抗旱找水成井施工中的应用   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

陈怡 《贵州地质》2012,29(2):128-131

介绍了空气潜孔锤钻进技术在援豫抗旱找水成井施工中的使用情况、成井工艺及孔内事故处理情况,分析了钻探效益,总结了该次施工取得的经验,得出在河南省太行山区,在无水情况下,运用空气潜孔锤钻进成井工艺取得成功,并可大幅提高钻进效率,保证成井质量,同时降低施工成本,提出今后河南省太行山区深部打井施工中增配专门钻机和增压机的建议。  相似文献   

基于水流阻力与图论的河网连通性评价   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

徐光来  许有鹏  王柳艳 《水科学进展》2012,23(6):776-781

河网连通是区域防洪、供水和生态安全的重要基础。基于图论将河网概化为图模型,考虑不同类型河道输水能力差异,以河道水流阻力倒数表征水流通畅度,并以河道水流通畅度为权值,借助ArcGIS平台建立河网图模型加权邻接矩阵,再利用MATLAB工具进行顶点水流通畅度计算和河网连通度分析,从而实现对河网连通性的定量化分析。以太湖流域嘉兴平原河网为例,进行河道疏浚前后的河网连通程度定量评价,结果表明河道疏浚后河网连通度明显增加。  相似文献   

农业活动对岩溶作用碳汇的影响:以重庆青木关地下河流域为例   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

张兴波  蒋勇军  邱述兰  曹敏  胡毅军 《地球科学进展》2012,27(4):466-476

以受农业活动影响强烈的重庆青木关地下河流域为研究对象,利用CTDP300多参数水质自动记录仪、WGZ-1型光电数字水位计、HOBO小型气象站在线自动监测电导率、水位以及降雨等数据,并获取流域耕地面积数据,于2010年分月采集地下水样,分析常规水化学和地下水溶解无机碳δ13C,初步探讨流域农业活动对岩溶作用过程和碳汇的影响,发现农业活动对岩溶作用过程产生明显的影响,进而影响到岩溶地质碳汇。地下水水化学以及地下水δ13CDIC值证实了流域地下水DIC是碳酸、硝酸和硫酸共同溶蚀碳酸盐岩的产物;每月碳酸溶蚀碳酸盐岩产生DIC占地下水中总DIC的比例在55.53%～81.25%之间,雨季(62.98%)普遍低于旱季(74.86%);碳酸溶蚀碳酸盐岩产生的DIC的量为14.67×106mol/a,其中岩溶作用产生的净CO2汇量为7.335×106mol/a,而硝酸和硫酸溶蚀碳酸盐岩产生的DIC总量为7.48×106mol/a,约占地下水中总DIC的33.8%,单位面积耕地上硝酸和硫酸溶蚀碳酸盐岩产生DIC的强度为1.89×106mol/(km2.a)。人类活动引入的硝酸和硫酸参与碳酸盐岩的溶解并改变了区域碳循环。  相似文献   

陆地硅的生物地球化学循环研究进展   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

陶贞  张超  高全洲  李元 《地球科学进展》2012,27(7):725-732

地球表层硅(Si)的生物地球化学循环与大气CO2浓度变化、大洋生物泵作用以及海岸带富营养化等过程密切相关,因此成为全球环境变化研究的核心问题之一。在地质时间尺度上,硅酸盐矿物的化学风化是地球表层所有次生Si的来源。陆地生态系统各次生Si库具有不同的形成机制和驱动因子,这导致各Si库的贮存量和循环周期存在明显差异。土壤Si库中的黏土矿物Si、溶解硅(DSi)和淀积在其他矿物表面的无定形Si都源自硅酸盐矿物的化学风化过程;植物生长过程中吸收土壤中的DSi形成生物Si,然后经微生物分解过程返还给土壤;地表径流将流域陆源Si以悬移质Si和DSi的形式输入河流、海洋。迄今,陆地不同形态Si库的大小及其对全球Si循环的贡献仍不确定。因此,在研究陆地Si的生物地球化学循环过程中,综合考虑各种地表过程及其耦合作用是非常必要的。  相似文献   

氟苯尼考对太平洋牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)早期发育的影响     

张莺脐  张羡宇  郭庆芳  许文豪  马峥  石硕  张倩  刘鹰 《海洋科学》2021,45(1):100-109

氟苯尼考作为氯霉素的替代物,理化性质稳定,在水产养殖业中被广泛使用,致使其在多种水体环境中大量残留。本研究分析了氟苯尼考(0.1、1.0和10 mg/L)对牡蛎幼虫的生长发育、运动能力、免疫抗性的影响。结果表明,氟苯尼考暴露24 h后,随着暴露浓度的增加,牡蛎幼虫的存活量呈升高趋势,而幼虫壳高和壳宽显著降低;氟苯尼考暴露不会引起牡蛎幼虫移动速度的变化,1 mg/L氟苯尼考暴露后,牡蛎幼虫移动距离呈显著性增加(P<0.05)。氟苯尼考暴露浓度、牡蛎幼虫存活量及水体细菌总数之间呈显著性相关,但水体细菌总数的变化并不是造成牡蛎幼虫发育、生长状态不同的主要原因。牡蛎幼虫在不同浓度氟苯尼考的暴露下,ILPR、Cg-Tyr和Ferritin等生长发育相关基因的表达受到影响,进而影响其生长发育、运动能力。另一方面,高浓度氟苯尼考的暴露,引起牡蛎幼虫HSP70和Cg-Tal基因相对表达量上调,积极地参与抵抗氟苯尼考暴露引起的应激反应。养殖水环境中抗生素残留可能会影响水生动物早期发育阶段的生长发育及免疫抗性,需提高对养殖水体中抗生素残留危害的认识及监测,进一步加强养殖水体水质的净化。  相似文献   

Prediction of cyclic resistance ratio for silty sands and its applications in the simplified liquefaction analysis     

《Computers and Geotechnics》2013

Liquefaction resistance of granular soils is commonly characterized by the cyclic resistance ratio (CRR) in the simplified shear stress procedure of liquefaction potential assessment. This parameter is commonly estimated by cyclic tests on reconstituted samples or empirical correlations between liquefied/non-liquefied case histories. The current study employs results of cyclic triaxial tests on reconstituted soil specimens and presents a predictive equation for cyclic resistance ratio (CRR) of clean and silty sands. The CRR equation is a function of relative density, effective mean confining pressure, non-plastic fines content, number of harmonic cycles for liquefaction onset, and some other basic soil properties. It is demonstrated that the developed relationship obtains reasonable accuracy in the prediction of laboratory-based CRR. Based on the developed CRR model, new relationships are then presented for the coefficient of effective overburden pressure (K_σ) and magnitude scaling factor (MSF), two important modification factors in the simplified shear stress procedure. These new modification factors are then compared with those recommended by previous researchers. Finally, the possible application of the proposed CRR model in field condition is shown for a specific case. This study provides a preliminary insight into the liquefaction resistance of silty sands prior to the complementary laboratory studies.  相似文献   

Influence of overburden pressure and soil rigidity on uplift behavior of square plate anchor in uniform clay     

《Computers and Geotechnics》2013

A numerical study incorporating three-dimensional Eulerian large deformation finite element analyses is performed to investigate the pullout process of horizontal square plate anchors in both hypothetical weightless soil and soil with self-weight. The validity of the numerical model is established through verification against published experimental and numerical results. The failure mechanisms during the pullout process under different conditions are then investigated. Three types of failure mechanism are observed; of which only two have been reported in the literature. The third mechanism identified in this study, which is a partially localized flow mechanism, is operative when the soil overburden ratio is not high enough to mobilize the full flow mechanism. The influence of soil self-weight is directly investigated by incorporating the density of the soil in the finite element model and maintaining the gravitational acceleration field throughout the analysis. The critical overburden ratio corresponding to the full transition to a localized plastic flow mechanism is identified in this study. The effect of the soil rigidity index (E/s_u) on the anchor uplift capability has not been systematically investigated in earlier studies. Contrary to the general failure mechanism and the full flow mechanism described in the literature, the capacity factor corresponding to this new mechanism increases with increasing E/s_u. The capacity factors for square plate anchors corresponding to different anchor embedment ratios, overburden ratios and E/s_u are provided in the form of design charts.  相似文献   

新疆伊犁昭苏黄土剖面中的矿物组成及其风化意义   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

曾蒙秀  宋友桂 《地质论评》2013,59(3):575-586

应用X射线衍射(XRD)分析技术,对处于西风区的新疆伊犁昭苏黄土剖面中的138个全岩样品和9组分粒级样品进行了分析,获得了该剖面的矿物组分、含量及其粒径分布信息.昭苏黄土主要由石英、方解石、绿泥石、斜长石、普通角闪石、钾长石、白云石和白云母组成;方解石在各个粒级组分中分布相对均匀;石英、白云石、斜长石、普通角闪石和钾长石主要赋存于粗颗粒中;绿泥石在细颗粒中的含量明显较高;白云母在16 ～32 μm粒级组分中含量较低,在其它粒级组分中的含量则相对更高.各矿物学指标揭示了昭苏黄土剖面的化学风化程度整体较低且变化幅度不大,但古土壤层的化学风化程度稍强于黄土层;物理风化则经历了由强到弱的两个波动过程.  相似文献   

高温盐水钻井液技术难点及国内外研究现状   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

单文军 《地质与勘探》2013,49(5):976-980

在分析高温盐水钻井液面临的主要问题的基础上,对国内外抗高温、抗污染钻井液处理剂及钻井液体系的研究与应用情况进行了介绍。深井、超深井钻探中会面临各种复杂情况,因此对钻井液抗温、抗污染能力的要求也越来越高,主要技术难点是高温高压及高污染条件下对钻井液流变性、滤失量、腐蚀性的控制。耐260℃以上抗高温、抗盐处理剂及体系,耐高温钻井液测试仪器是未来抗高温钻井液发展的方向。  相似文献   

An example of structural and metamorphic relationships in the Musgrave orogenic belt,central Australia     

K. D. Collerson  R. L. Oliver  R. W. R. Rutland 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(4):379-393

The western Musgrave Ranges are broadly divided into three groups of metamorphic rocks. A central granulite‐facies core is bounded on the north by rocks of amphibolite grade and on the south by rocks transitional between the granulite and amphibolite facies. Faults trending east‐west separate the three groups of rocks.

The detailed structural relationships between the granulites and the lower grade rocks are described and discussed. The granulites are structurally relatively simple and are characterised by the presence of a strong southwesterly‐plunging, mineral‐streaking lineation. In marked contrast, the transitional rocks are more complexly folded on a macroscopic scale and they also have a well‐developed mineral lineation plunging to the southeast. These two lineation orientations are considered to be directions of maximum elongation. The amphibolite‐facies rocks are also complexly folded and at least two lineations related to different phases of deformation have been recognized.

A suite of foliated and lineated dolerite dykes which occurs throughout the area inherited their fabric during a period of intense deformation and recrystallization, which resulted in the development of numerous mylonite zones.

It is suggested that the granulite‐facies rocks may represent a suite of cover rocks which have been thrust in a northerly direction over a pre‐existing amphibolite‐facies basement.  相似文献