1991-2010年中国大陆化石能源消费的CO₂排放研究（英文）     

祁悦  谢高地 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2012,(4):324-329

本文采用IPCC推荐的表观消费量法计算了中国大陆30省区1991到2010年化石能源消费产生的CO2排放,发现:(1)排放总量由 2293.01Mt 增长到 7467.77Mt;(2)煤炭消费的排放比重最高达到79.98%;(3)人均排放量由 1.98t 增长至 5.57t;(4)CO2排放强度显著降低,由6.66 kg USD-1降至1.07kg USD-1,近年来趋于稳定;(5)区域发展不平衡始终存在,根据省际数据,在一些落后地区经济增长过度依赖于化石能源消费。关于CO2高排放,中国已经做出承诺并采取了行动。基于对可持续发展和全球气候变化不确定性的综合考虑,健康的产业结构、化石能源集约利用,以及区域发展平衡应更加受到重视。  相似文献   

Growing up and cleaning up: The environmental Kuznets curve redux   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Rachel S. Franklin  Matthias Ruth 《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2012,32(1):29-39

Borrowing from the Kuznets curve literature, researchers have coined the term “environmental Kuznets curve” or EKC to characterize the relationship between pollution levels and income: pollution levels will increase with income but some threshold of income will eventually be reached, beyond which pollution levels will decrease. The link between the original Kuznets curve, which posited a similar relationship between income and inequality, and its pollution-concerned offspring lies primarily with the shape of both curves (an upside-down U) and the central role played by income change. Although the EKC literature has burgeoned over the past several years, few concrete conclusions have been drawn, the main themes of the literature have remained constant, and no consensus has been reached regarding the existence of an environmental Kuznets curve. EKC research has used a variety of types of data and a range of geographical units to examine the effects of income levels on pollution. Changes in pollution levels might also be at least partly explained by countries’ position in the demographic transition and their general population structure, however little research has included this important aspect in the analysis. In addition, few analyses confine themselves to an evaluation for one country of the long-term relationship between income and pollution. Using United States CO₂ emissions as well as demographic, employment, trade and energy price data, this paper seeks to highlight the potential impact of population and economic structure in explaining the relationship between income and pollution levels.  相似文献   

Prospects of multifunctional agriculture as a facilitator of sustainable rural development: Swedish experience of Pillar 2 of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP)     

《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2012,66(3):155-166

Agriculture remains one of the dominant activities in rural areas across the European Union (EU), not least in respect of land use and its impact on landscapes. The Agenda 2000 reform of the EU's Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) introduced rural development as an integrated part of agricultural policy. The present study focuses on the second pillar of CAP. Multifunctional farming, more than any other rural activity, has a role to play in integrating the natural environment with the cultural landscape and socio-economic development. The question of how multifunctional agriculture can facilitate sustainable rural development is addressed in terms of mechanisms and inherent possibilities. Results from a case study in Östergötland in Sweden are discussed in relation to five other European case studies. Some main findings are that Pillar 2 has made it possible for rural inhabitants to continue living in rural areas and that the policies are effective in identifying and supporting new opportunities for farm diversification. The traditional agricultural landscape can be seen as a key component in various diversification activities in rural areas, contributing to economic as well as social and environmental sustainability.  相似文献   

The sensitivity of ground surface temperature prediction to soil thermal properties Using the Simple Biosphere Model (SiB2)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张晓惠  高志球  魏东平 《大气科学进展》2012,29(3):623-634

Using the Simple Biosphere Model (SiB2), soil thermal properties (STP) were examined in a Tibetan prairie during the monsoon period to investigate ground surface temperature prediction. We improved the SiB2 model by incorporating a revised force-restore method (FRM) to take the vertical heterogeneity of soil thermal diffusivity (k) into account. The results indicate that (1) the revised FRM alleviates daytime overestimation and nighttime underestimation in modeled ground surface temperature (T_g), and (2) its role in little rainfall events is significant because the vertical gradient of k increases with increasing surface evaporation. Since the original formula of thermal conductivity (λ) in the SiB2 greatly underestimates soil thermal conductivity, we compared five algorithms of λ involving soil moisture to investigate the cause of overestimation during the day and underestimation at night on the basis of the revised FRM. The results show that (1) the five algorithms significantly improve T_g prediction, especially in daytime, and (2) taking one of these five algorithms as an example, the simulated T_g values in the daytime are closer to the field measurements than those in the nighttime. The differences between modeled T_g and field measurements are mostly within the margin of error of ±2 K during 3 August to 4 September 1998.  相似文献   

INTEX-B NO2排放源在中国地区的应用与检验          下载免费PDF全文

张敏  边海  韩素芹  张华  崔振雷  朱彬 《气象与环境学报》2012,28(1):65-70

将INTEX-B排放源应用到空气质量模型Model3-CMAQ中,对中国地区对流层NO₂的浓度分布进行了数值模拟,并与OMI卫星对流层NO₂资料进行了对比和验证。结果表明：将INTEX-B排放源应用到Model3-CMAQ模式,模拟的NO₂浓度在中国地区的分布、季节变化规律与卫星资料所得结果一致。敏感性试验表明,工业及电厂排放对NO₂的浓度贡献最大,而交通排放的贡献相对较小,两种排放均主要集中在京津、长江三角洲等经济发达地区。  相似文献   

基于CBERS的黄河湿地生物量反演研究     

吴天君  张曦文  赫晓慧 《东北测绘》2012,(5):18-19,27

本研究以黄河湿地郑州段为研究区,利用RS与GIS技术,基于2009年5月7日获得的CBERS 2B卫星CCD多光谱遥感影像和地面实测植被生物量信息,采用回归算法构建反演模型,经对比分析得到最优计算模型。结果表明,反演模型计算精度达到86.32%,利用CBERS 2B卫星CCD多光谱遥感影像可满足植被生物量的反演需要。  相似文献   

基于全极化SAR影像的舰船目标检测算法研究     

张兢  周玉坤 《测绘信息与工程》2012,37(6):33-36

介绍了基于星载极化SAR影像的舰船目标检测的处理流程,针对基于不同杂波模型的CFAR检测法和基于相干信息的2L-IHP检测法,分析实现了瑞利分布、Gauss分布、韦布尔分布、对数正态分布,四种常用杂波分布模型的CA-CFAR检测法,通过实验检测海面舰船目标,发现这四种杂波模型针对不同海况有着不同的适应性,其检测效果也大不相同。而2L-IHP检测法不依赖于海杂波模型,通过子孔径相干提高目标和背景之间的对比度,实验结果表明,该方法能大幅提高海面舰船目标的检测概率。  相似文献   

An interacting O + O supergiant close binary system: Cygnus OB2-5 (V729 Cyg)     

《New Astronomy》2014

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几种再分析地表气温资料在中国区域的适用性评估   总被引：19，自引：3，他引：16       下载免费PDF全文

赵天保  符淙斌 《高原气象》2009,28(3):594-606

应用台站观测资料对ERA-40、NCEP/NCAR、NCEP/DOE和JRA-25等几种再分析地表(2m)气温资料在中国不同区域、不同年代和季节的气候均值、年际变化和变率特征及其气候趋势等所反映出来的适用性问题进行了系统评估.结果表明,几种再分析产品在全国大多数地区的气候变化研究中都具有一定的合理性,特别是1979年以后的资料可靠性更高一些.但相比而言,它们在冬季的可信度一般要高于夏季,东部地区的可信度一般要高于西部地区;ERA-40和JRA-25再分析产品的适用性要高于NCEP/NCAR和NCEP/DOE再分析产品;其中,JRA-25在均值、年际变化和变率特征的描述上具有更高的可靠性,而ERA-40在长期气候变化趋势(44年)的描述上则要明显优于NCEP/NCAR再分析产品.  相似文献   

Modeling Methane Emissions from Paddy Rice Fields under Elevated Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Conditions   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

XIE Baohu  ZHOU Zaixing  ZHENG Xunhu  ZHANG Wen  ZHU Jianguo 《大气科学进展》2010,27(1):100-114

Methane(CH4 ) emissions from paddy rice fields substantially contribute to the dramatic increase of this greenhouse gas in the atmosphere.Due to great concern about climate change,it is necessary to predict the effects of the dramatic increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide(CO2 ) on CH4 emissions from paddy rice fields.CH4MOD 1.0 is the most widely validated model for simulating CH4 emissions from paddy rice fields exposed to ambient CO2(hereinafter referred to as aCO2 ).We upgraded the model to CH4MOD 2.0 b...  相似文献