谷氨酸铜和表面活性剂协同灭除亚历山大藻的研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李灏  缪锦来  刘晓光  崔凤霞  李光友 《海洋学报》2006,28(3):127-132

对一种新的赤潮杀灭剂谷氨酸铜及促进剂阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(HDT-MAB)进行了初步研究.比较了硫酸铜及谷氨酸铜对亚历山大藻的去除效果;结果表明,谷氨酸铜对亚历山大藻的灭杀效率优于硫酸铜,谷氨酸铜可明显抑制亚历山大藻细胞的生长,但抑制作用并不随谷氨酸铜浓度加大而增强,HDTAMB可明显促进谷氨酸铜对亚历山大藻的去除,且促进作用基本随着HDTMAB浓度的提高而增强.对谷氨酸铜和HDTMAB杀灭赤潮的机制进行了初步探讨;研究发现,谷氨酸铜可促使藻细胞MDA含量升高,并使巯基含量下降,且在谷氨酸铜和HDT-MAB复合作用下,膜脂过氧化水平大大高于单纯谷氨酸铜作用下的水平,细胞中巯基含量显著降低,细胞膜透性增大,这表明谷氨酸铜和HDTMAB杀灭赤潮的机制是使藻细胞膜受到损伤,进而抑制藻细胞生长.  相似文献   

自转向酸酸化体系的室内研究及现场应用     

马丽萍  张涛  杨立华  郑力军 《海洋地质译丛》2010,(3):73-77

长庆三叠系油藏非均质性强,微裂缝发育,常规酸化时酸液易进入高渗带或微裂缝,进一步扩大出水通道,酸化后含水大幅度上升。针对这一问题,研制出一种新型黏弹性表面活性剂SUA-3—Gemini季铵盐自转向酸液体系,由于SUA-3分子结构中含有两个烷基和两个季铵盐,所以用其配置的胶束流体具有良好的黏弹性。该体系在60℃时与碳酸钙反应过程中黏度能迅速达到460 mPa·s,待体系pH值升高到6时,遇油黏度迅速降低至78 mPa·s,在地层中能够形成自转向,达到均匀布酸,自动破胶的目的。在现场进行了初步的应用,增产效果显著。  相似文献   

海水养殖珍珠的漂白技术研究     

李雪英  王海增  郭鲁钢  徐华伟 《海洋科学》2008,32(2):5-9

通过对漂白体系中溶剂、表面活性剂、双氧水浓度3个重要参数的优化选择,研究了海水养殖珍珠的漂白技术。首次发现在海水养殖珍珠漂白过程中,以海水为介质漂白效果明显优于用甲醇、乙醇、丙酮和蒸馏水。在以海水为介质的漂白体系中,表面活性剂贝芬家用洗手液使用效果较优,双氧水体积分数为5%,效果最佳。同时探讨了漂白时间对珍珠长麻的影响。  相似文献   

Dynamos with a flat α-effect distribution     

A. Brandenburg  I. Tuominen  F. Krause 《地球物理与天体物理流体动力学》2013,107(1-3):95-112

Abstract

In order to obtain a better insight into the excitation conditions of magnetic fields in flat objects, such as galaxies, we have calculated critical dynamo numbers of different magnetic field modes for spherical dynamos with a flat α-effect distribution. A simple but realistic approximation formula for the rotation curve is employed. In most cases investigated a stationary quadrupole-type solution is preferred. This is a consequence of the flat distribution of the α-effect. Non-axisymmetric fields are in all cases harder to excite than axisymmetric ones. This seems to be the case particularly for flat objects in combination with a realistic rotation curve for galaxies. The question of whether non-axisymmetric (bisymmetric) fields, which are observed in some galaxies, can be explained as dynamos generated by an axisymmetric αω-effect is therefore still open.  相似文献   

α卡法和高密度电法在采空区探测中的应用     

高玉娟  卢放 《西安地质学院学报》2010,(3):316-318

在治理采空区塌陷等地质灾害时,采空区位置的探测显得尤为重要。根据采空区和围岩间的导电性差异,结合地质资料,采用α卡法和高密度电法相结合的综合地球物理勘探方法,开展采空区位置的探测研究。研究表明：未充水的采空区出现α射线强度脉冲读数和视电阻率异常高值是探测采空区的地球物理前提条件;利用α卡法和高密度电法相结合的手段对采空区进行探测,效果良好,结论可靠。  相似文献   

细胞破碎方法对Bacillus sp. DL-2胞内蛋白酶拆分乙酸苏合香酯的影响     

王晓敏  董璐  张继福  张云  胡云峰 《热带海洋学报》2021,40(2):39-48

(R)-1-苯乙醇是手性药物合成的关键手性砌块, 在多种手性化合物的合成及医药、香料的工业生产中具有重要的作用。对筛选自西太平洋深海沉积物的Bacillus sp. DL-2进行破碎, 获取的胞内蛋白酶能有效拆分(±)-乙酸苏合香酯, 制备高光学纯的(R)-1-苯乙醇。为使拆分效果最优化, 本试验对比了表面活性剂、溶菌酶和超声法3种不同的破碎细胞方式, 并对表面活性剂和溶菌酶破碎法进行了单因素条件优化。最优方法及优化的反应条件为: 使用体积分数0.5%的表面活性剂曲拉通X-100在35℃和pH7.0条件下破碎细胞2h。经过优化后, (R)-1-苯乙醇的对映体过量值为96%, 转化率为23%, 为利用胞内蛋白酶生产手性化学品提供了参考。  相似文献   

Evaluating a nonionic surfactant as a tool to improve water availability in irrigated cotton     

D. G. Sullivan  R. C. Nuti  C. C. Truman 《水文研究》2009,23(16):2326-2334

Nonionic surfactants have been well researched in turf grass environments as a tool to ameliorate water‐repellant conditions. However, few studies have evaluated the risks and benefits of nonionic surfactant applications in row‐crop agricultural systems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of a nonionic surfactant on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production on a Faceville loamy sand (fine, kaolinitic thermic Typic Kandiudult) in the coastal plain region of Georgia. The experiment consisted of two components: (1) on‐site rainfall simulation and (2) agronomic cotton field trials. Treatments were designed to test the impact of rate and frequency of surfactant applications using six combinations of application rates and timings. For the rainfall simulation component, only the control (0·0 L ha^?1) and high rate (0·51 L ha^?1) of surfactant applications were evaluated. During the field trial, soil water content, cotton stand counts, and yield were measured. Rainfall simulations showed that the addition of surfactant increased runoff, decreased infiltration, and promoted surface sealing. Despite the demonstrated potential for water loss, agronomic field trials showed that crop yields were not significantly different between surfactant‐treated and untreated plots. No differences in soil water content were observed between treatments at 5 and 15 cm depths; however, soil water content was significantly higher in untreated control plots at the 30 cm depth. Data demonstrate the need for clarification of soil physical/chemical properties and surfactant interactions that may lend themselves to the creation of surface seals and how these seals impact soil/water conservation and crop yield. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

亚甲基蓝在海洋沉积物上的吸附行为     

郑轩  杨桂朋  曹晓燕 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2011,(Z1):137-145

本文对常用的染料亚甲基蓝(MB)在海洋沉积物上的吸附行为进行了研究,发现它的吸附机理主要是在沉积物上的表面吸附和微孔作用,吸附与黏土矿物的含量有一定的相关性。在实验浓度范围内,MB在3种不同处理方式沉积物上的吸附行为都可以用Freundlich等温式来描述。通过改变吸附条件发现,随着盐度的增加,吸附能力减小,而温度的改变,对吸附能力的影响并不明显。此外,通过向体系中加入不同表面活性剂来模拟双溶质体系的方法,对MB与表面活性剂的竞争吸附行为进行了研究。结果发现在2种介质中,吐温20(Tween20)的加入对吸附的影响均不大;十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)的加入使MB的吸附能力减弱,在蒸馏水中抑制作用更加明显;在海水中,十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)对吸附有抑制作用,而在蒸馏水中,SDBS却对吸附起到促进作用。  相似文献   

On the inverse dynamo problem in a simplified mean-field model     

R. Kaiser 《地球物理与天体物理流体动力学》2013,107(5):477-487

Inverse dynamo theory seeks to gain information about the motion of a liquid conductor from measurements of the magnetic field in the surrounding vacuum. We consider here a highly simplified model problem, namely a steady α²-dynamo in plane geometry with an α-field varying only in the z-direction normal to the conductor–vacuum interface. Based on perturbation theory about constant-α solutions, we find as many integral conditions on α(z) as modes are present in the vacuum field. This result is corroborated by the complete solution of a special case.  相似文献   

Mean-field equations for weakly nonlinear two-scale perturbations of forced hydromagnetic convection in a rotating layer     

Vladislav Zheligovsky 《地球物理与天体物理流体动力学》2013,107(5):489-540

We consider stability of regimes of hydromagnetic thermal convection in a rotating horizontal layer with free electrically-conducting boundaries, to perturbations involving large spatial and temporal scales. Equations governing the evolution of weakly nonlinear mean perturbations are derived under the assumption that the α-effect is insignificant in the leading-order (e.g. due to a symmetry of the system). The mean-field equations generalise the standard equations of hydromagnetic convection: New terms emerge – a second-order linear operator representing the combined eddy diffusivity and quadratic terms associated with the eddy advection. If the perturbed CHM regime is nonsteady and insignificance of the α-effect in the system does not rely on the presence of a spatial symmetry, the combined eddy diffusivity operator also involves a nonlocal pseudodifferential operator. If the perturbed CHM state is almost symmetric, α-effect terms appear in the mean-field equations as well. Near a point of a symmetry-breaking bifurcation, cubic nonlinearity emerges in the equations. All the new terms are in general anisotropic. A method for evaluation of their coefficients is presented; it requires solution of a significantly smaller number of auxiliary problems than in a straightforward approach.  相似文献