大亚湾大型海藻丛的大角玻璃钩虾种群分布特征     

王卉  李恒翔  李路  严岩 《热带海洋学报》2019,38(4):52-58

大角玻璃钩虾Hyale grandicornis是我国沿海潮间带常见的藻栖甲壳动物, 但目前关于其与栖息海藻的作用关系极少报道。2016年2—5月在大亚湾岩礁潮间带采集了石莼Ulva lactuca和半叶马尾藻变种Sargassum hemiphyllum var. chinense海藻, 结果显示大角玻璃钩虾在两种海藻丛中均有分布, 其中在石莼藻丛中分布的钩虾个体数量、平均体长和平均体重均大于在半叶马尾藻藻丛中。在半叶马尾藻藻丛中, 大角玻璃钩虾种群的性比、抱卵雌性比例和幼体比例相对较高, 而性成熟体长、抱卵雌性体长和卵粒体积则相对较小。研究表明, 大角玻璃钩虾在两种海藻中的种群分布与繁殖特征存在着差异, 可能受到栖息海藻形态结构及其生境等因素的影响。  相似文献   

2种海藻中半挥发性物质的成分分析   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

王秀娟  徐继林  严小军 《海洋科学》2010,34(1):25-28

选择孔石莼(Uiva pertusa)和蜈蚣藻(Grateloupia filicina)两种海藻在挥发油测定器中用乙酸乙酯通过循环蒸馏萃取,浓缩后用电子轰击(electron impact,EI)源在全扫描检测模式下进行检测。各分离组分采用美国国家标准局NIST147及WILEY7谱库检索定性,采用色谱峰面积归一法进行相对定量。从两种海藻中共鉴定出61种半挥发性化合物,以醛类物质种类最多,半挥发性组分主要是醛类、脂肪酸类和醇类物质。两种海藻中含量最高的均是棕榈酸和十五醛。烘干对鉴定出的半挥发性物质种类没有影响,但对同一类物质,保留时间短的组分烘干后质量分数有增加的趋势,而保留时间长的组分质量分数有减少的趋势。该方法是一种灵敏、准确的分析方法,可以为海洋微藻中半挥发性成分的研究提供科学依据。  相似文献   

坛紫菜配子体离体细胞发育研究     

王莉  孔凡娜  茅云翔  杨惠 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2010,40(12)

本文以坛紫菜(Porphyra haitanensis Chang et Zheng)雌雄配子体为材料,酶解得到单细胞并再生培养,研究雌雄配子体体细胞发育途径以及不同部位(根丝段、基部、中部、顶部、成熟区)单细胞发育途径.结果表明,坛紫菜雌雄配子体体细胞发育途径大致相同,但存在一定差异,表现为雌性配子体体细胞发育成果孢子囊,少数体细胞直接发育成类孢子囊枝;而雄性配子体体细胞发育成精子囊,并能释放精子,极少数体细胞发育成类果孢子囊.单细胞再生研究显示,配子体体细胞发育方向受细胞所处部位影响,不同部位体细胞由于其分化程度不同,发育成不同类型的再生体.随着细胞所在藻体部位的上移,正常叶状体和根丝细胞叶状体比例均下降,畸形叶状体的比例下降或无明显差异,丝状体的比例逐渐增加.  相似文献   

5种南海海藻醇提取物活性初步研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

史大永  李敬  郭书举  苏华  范晓 《海洋科学》2009,33(12):40-43

海藻是海洋生物代谢产物的主要来源之一,能产生丰富多样的生物活性物质.为了更好地利用中国南海的海藻资源,分别对采自中国湛江硇洲岛的1种绿藻基根硬毛藻Chaetomorpha basiretorsa Setchell和4种红藻刺状鱼栖苔Acantophora spicififera (Vahl) Boerg、三列凹顶藻Laurencia tristicha Tseng, Chang et Xia、紫杉状海门冬Asparagopsis taxiformis (Delile) Trevisan、鸡毛菜Pterocladia tenuis Okam进行了生物活性研究,分别对细胞毒活性(KB、Bel-7402、PC-3M、Ketr3和MCF-7)、Na~+,K~+-ATPase抑制活性以及犬血管平滑肌细胞增殖抑制活性进行了筛选,部分海藻提取物表现出一定的生理活性.  相似文献   

大型海藻的遗传育种及应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨锐 《海洋湖沼通报》2009,(1)

随着栽培要求的不断增长,大型海藻的遗传育种逐渐成为海水养殖的重要内容.本文对大型海藻遗传育种的基本概念及品种的作用和研究简史进行了整理.就大型海藻的主要育种途径及工作,如:育种目标、种质资源、选择、引种、自交、选育、突变、杂交和杂种优势,纯系育种与细胞融合、转基因和分子标记辅助育种等进行了综述,并讨论了大型海藻遗传育种中存在的问题及解决方案.  相似文献   

我国藻胶原料的生产和利用   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

刘思俭  揭振英 《广东海洋大学学报》2000,20(2):72-75

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Response of phytoplankton to multispecies mariculture:a case study on the carrying capacity of shellfish in the Sanggou Bay in China     

GE Changzi  FANG Jianguang  SONG Xief  MAO Yuze  YE Naihao 《海洋学报(英文版)》2008,27(1):102-112

A muhispecies model for shellfish polycuhure in the Sanggou Bay in China used for large-scale long-line cultivation of the Chinese scallop Chlamysfarreri, the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas and the kelp Laminaria japonica is presented. The model includes key physical processes which are the transports of matter at the system boundary, and the main biological process that is the primary production and nutrients release from the bottom. By the model, the seasonal fluctuations of phytoplankton biomass and dissolved inorganic nitrogen（DIN） in 1994 are simulated. Furthermore, if the kelp culture scale is kept constant and the Chinese scallop and the Pacific oyster culture scales are adjusted, virtual shellfish farms are funded and responses of phytoplankton to the largescale shellfish culture are simulated. According to these simulated results, the room limitation, and the hypothesis that shellfish will not grow well if the phytoplankton biomass is less than 8.2 mg/m^3 , the expandable multiple of scallop culture k and that of oyster culture y are determined as k = -0.276 5y ＋4.690 5 and 0.133 3k ＋0.006 6y≤0.667 5, where, k （ or y） is equal to 1, the culture scale of scallop （ or oyster） is 8.8 x 109 individuals （or 66 ha, with a density of 59 ind./m^2 ）, and the kelp culture scale is 3 300 ha with a density of 12 ind./m^2.  相似文献   

Impacts of CO2 enrichment on growth and photosynthesis in freshwater and marine diatoms     

胡晗华  高坤山 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2008,26(4)

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Influence of albumen on aggregation and O<Subscript>2</Subscript> evolution of protoplasm from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bryopsis hypnoides</Emphasis> Lamourou     

李映霞  王广策 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2008,26(4):363-368

The extruded protoplasm from the coenocytic green alga, Bryopsis hypnoides Lamouroux, was able to reform a cell wall and develop further into a mature alga in seawater. In this paper, the influence of albumen on the ability of aggregation and on the photosynthesis of protoplasm was examined. Results show that the protoplasm of B. hypnoides could aggregate in either albumen or chicken egg, which is similar to that in seawater. However unlike in seawater, the aggregation from B. hypnoides in albumen and chicken egg failed to develop into a mature individual. Interestingly, the protoplasm of B. hypnoides could maintain its photosynthetic O2 evolution in albumen and chicken egg, while the time in chicken egg was longer than that in albumen.  相似文献   

Impacts of CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> enrichment on growth and photosynthesis in freshwater and marine diatoms     

胡晗华  高坤山 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2008,26(4):407-414

The physiological responses of Nitzschia palea Kvtzing, a freshwater diatom, to elevated CO2 were investigated and compared with those of a marine diatom, Chaetoceros muelleri Lemmermann previously reported. Elevated CO2 concentration to 700 μl/L increased the dissolved inorganic carbon （D!C） and lowered the pH in the cultures of N. palea, thus enhancing the growth by 4%-20% during the whole growth period. High CO2-grown N. palea cells showed lower levels of dark respiration rates and higher Ik values. Light-saturated photosynthetic rates and photosynthetic efficiencies decreased in N. palea with the doubling CO2 concentration in airflow to the bottom of cultures, although the doubling CO2 concentration in airflow to the surface cultures had few effects on these two photosynthetic parameters. N. palea cells were found to be capable of using HCO5 in addition to gaseous CO2, and the CO2 enrichment decreased their affinity for HCO5 and CO2. Although doubled CO2 level would enhance the biomass of N. patea and C. muelleri to different extents, compared with the marine diatom, it had a significant effect on the specific growth rates of N. palea. In addition, the responses of photosynthetic parameters of IV. palea to doubled CO2 concentration were almost opposite to those of C. muelleri.  相似文献