Forms of phosphorus and silicon in the natural grain size surface sediments of the southern Bohai Sea   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

宋金明  罗延馨  吕晓霞  李鹏程 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2003,21(3):286-292

The forms of phosphorus and silicon in the natural grain sizes surface sediments of the southern Bohai Sea were studied. In sediments, the organic matter bound form of phosphorus was the main form of transferable phosphorus and ranged from 0.37μmol/g to 1.57μmol/g, accountingfor 10.7% of the total phosphorus, others were the carbonate bound form, iron-manganeso oxide bound form and ion-exchange able form; the transferable form of phosphorus accounted for 19.2% of the total phosphorus. Silicon‘ s carbonate bound form was predominant over others among its transferable forms, and content ranged from 1.55μmol/g to 8.94μmol/g, accounting for 0.05% of the total silicon; the total amount of transferable silicon forms accounted for only 0.12% of the total silicon. Therefore, 19.2% of the total phosphorus and 0.12 % of the total silicon contained in the surface sediments of the southern Bohai Sea could participate in the biogeochemical cycling.  相似文献   

钢筋混凝土梁在低周反复荷载作用下受剪性能的尺寸效应试验研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杜修力  袁健  周宏宇  张建伟  李振宝 《地震工程与工程振动》2011,31(5):30-38

本文介绍了5组不同尺寸钢筋混凝土梁在低周反复荷载作用下的剪切破坏试验研究成果.研究中分析了钢筋混凝土梁斜截面受剪的滞回特性、承载力、延性和耗能等力学性能,及其尺寸效应的影响规律.结果表明:在本试验设计的尺寸范围内,钢筋混凝土梁在低周反复荷载作用下的受剪性能存在非常明显的尺寸效应现象,钢筋混凝土梁的强度、延性等力学性能均...  相似文献   

High resolution records of flood deposition in the mud area off the Changjiang River mouth during the past century     

胡刚  李安春  刘健  徐刚  梅西  孔祥淮 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2014,32(4):909-920

This paper presents a paleoflood study to determine the flood frequency of the Changjiang River, based on core cj0702, taken from the Changjiang River subaqueous delta. We identified flood deposits by means of high-resolution grain-size variation, sensitive population, geochemical indexes and magnetic susceptibility. The core covers a time span of 120 years by 210 Pb dating and was sampled at 1–2 cm intervals. Grain size, geochemical elements, and physical parameters were analyzed. The results indicate that the sediment of the core is mainly composed of silt and clay, as well as groups of interbedded silt, clay silt, and clay. Vertically, the grain size pattern was controlled by seasonal variations in water discharge and by the sediment input in winter from the abandoned Huanghe River delta. River flooding caused extreme values in all our measured parameters. We identified more than 20 flood events that occurred since 1887 using the physical parameter analysis method. The environmentally sensitive component of sediment grain size(14.32–96.39 μm) contribution30%, Zr/Rb ratio1.5, and magnetic susceptibility16 were selected as the criteria for flood identification generally. We also found that floods that had taken place in the upstream, midstream, or downstream parts of the river were clearly identified by these indexes while the large-scale floods that covered the whole drainage area did not leave clear indications in the sediment record. This study for identification of flood events is of great significance for understanding hyperpycnal current sedimentation as well as for forecasting of floods.  相似文献   

Sensitivities of tornadogenesis to drop size distribution in a simulated subtropical supercell over eastern China   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

ZHENG Kailin  CHEN Baojun 《大气科学进展》2014,31(3):657-668

ABSTRACT Numerical simulations with the Advanced Regional Prediction System （ARPS） model were performed to investigate the impact of microphysical drop size distribution （DSD） on tornadogenesis in a subtropical supercell thunderstorm over Anhui Province, eastern China. Sensitivity experiments with different intercept parameters of rain, hail and snow DSDs in a Lin-type microphysics scheme were conducted. Results showed that rain and hail DSDs have a significant impact on the simulated storm both microphysically and dynamically. DSDs characterized by larger （smaller） intercepts have a smaller （larger） particle size and a lower （higher） mass-weighted mean fall velocity, and produce relatively stronger （weaker） and wider （narrower） cold pools through enhanced （reduced） rain evaporation and hail melting processes, which are then less favorable （favorable） for tornadogenesis. However, tornadogenesis will also be suppressed by the weakened mid-level mesocyclone when the cold pool is too weak. When compared to a U.S. Great Plain case, the two microphysical processes are more sensitive to DSD variations in the present case with a higher melting level and deeper warm layer. This suggests that DSD-related cloud microphysics has a stronger influence on tornadogenesis in supercells over the subtropics than the U.S. Great Plains.  相似文献   

基于MSORQ-Tree的三维景观地图表示     

胡亚芳  刘荣 《北京测绘》2014,(6):9-11

针对WebGIS多尺寸三维景观地图数据处理问题,提出了一种高速数据索引结构MSORQ-Tree。根据该索引的算法,得出移动WebGIS景观图,将该索引和其他索引进行性能比较。结果显示,基于金字塔分割规则的区域,进行分割四叉树所获取的MSORQ-Tree高速索引可有效处理WebGIS中海量景观地图数据。  相似文献   

不同颗粒尺寸条件下MICP固化砂土的试验研究     

许鹏旭  温智力  杨司盟  刘志明  冷勐  彭劼 《高校地质学报》2021,27(6):738-745

通过选取3种不同颗粒尺寸的砂样进行微生物诱导碳酸钙（MICP）注浆试验,对同一尺寸试验组分别进行8、10、12次胶结液灌注,结合细菌吸附率、流出液Ca2+浓度、试样渗透系数、碳酸钙含量、孔隙结构和最终加固效果等数据,探讨了颗粒尺寸对MICP加固砂土的影响。试验结果表明,细菌吸附率与颗粒尺寸间存在一定联系,颗粒尺寸越大,细菌吸附量相对越少;同时颗粒尺寸会影响试样固化过程及孔隙结构的发展,颗粒尺寸较小的试样能留住更多的营养物质;固化过程中,颗粒尺寸较小的砂样由于孔隙较小、渗透系数小等原因,试样上部易形成淤堵,从而导致试样加固效果不均;大颗粒尺寸的试样,孔隙较大、持水能力弱,产生的碳酸钙含量偏低并在试样下部堆积,从而导致加固效果较差。  相似文献   

Fractal characterization and frequency properties of near-fault ground motions     

Dixiong Yang  Changgeng Zhang 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2013,12(4):503-518

This study explores the irregularity and complexity of strong earthquake ground motions from the perspective of fractal geometry, and constructs a relation with the frequency content of the ground motions. The box-counting fractal dimensions and five representative period parameters of near-fault ground motions from the Chi-Chi and Northridge earthquakes are calculated and compared. Numerical results indicate that the acceleration and velocity time histories of ground motions present the statistical fractal property, and the dominant pulses of near-fault ground motions have a significant influence on their box dimensions and periods. Further, the average box dimension of near-fault impulsive ground motions is smaller, and their irregular degree of wave forms is lower. Moreover, the box dimensions of ground motions reflect their frequency properties to a large extent, and can be regarded as an alternative indicator to represent their frequency content. Finally, the box dimension D of the acceleration histories shows a considerably negative correlation with the mean period T. Meanwhile, the box dimension of the velocity histories Dye is negatively correlated with the characteristic period T and improved characteristic period Tgi.  相似文献   

Analysis of the characteristics of snow drop size distribution in the Qilian Mountains   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Guo Zhao  RongZhong Chu  Tong Zhang  Wei Ji  Jin Shen  ZhongYuan Wu 《寒旱区科学》2010,2(5):0419-0426

Under the Watershed Allied Telemetry Experimental Research (WATER) project, a significant amount of snow size data was collected from March to April 2008. However, because of limited observation data for the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the modeling behavior was not satisfactory. This paper demonstrates characteristics of the snow drop size distribution (SSD) in this region. The experimental area is located in the northeastern part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The Heihe River Basin, which is the second largest interior river basin in China and is located on the northern slopes of the Qilian Mountains, was selected as the simulation region. This basin ranges from approximately 5,000 m to 1,000 m in elevation. A new generation Parsivel disdrometer, the OTT Parsivel, was used for measurements. Four data sets were compiled to determine the average distributions for four different snowfall rates. The characteristics of the snow particle size distribution in the mountainous area were analyzed. Similar to the raindrop distribution, there was a multi-peak structure. Most peaks appear in the D 2 mm region (D: diameter of the snow drop size). An M-P distribution and a Г distribution were developed based on the precipitation data observed in Qilian mountainous area. We found that the Г distribution has a better fit than the M-P distribution for the actual distribution. In addition, we observed that the intercept parameter (N0) and the slope parameter (Λ) correlate well with the shape parameter (μ). The disdrometer data can also be used to model the reflectivity factor (ZH) and differential reflectivity factor (ZDR). The radar reflectivity (ZHH, ZVV) and differential reflectivity (ZDR) were modeled in order to facilitate understanding of the connections between radar and ground measurements, and were used to support work for the improvement of rainfall estimates by polarimetric radar. Rain rate estimation using radar measurements was based on empirical models, such as the Z-R relationship and R(ZH, ZDR) in the Qilian mountainous areas. The relationship of R=0.017×100.079×ZH-0.022×ZDR is better than R=0.019×100.078×ZH for estimating R (melted snow). The normalized errors (NE) of R(ZH) and R(ZH, ZDR) are 13.22% and 5.20%, respectively.  相似文献   

载荷试验尺寸效应及地基承载力确定方法探讨     

张玉成  杨光华  胡海英  刘翔宇  骆以道  姜燕 《岩土力学》2016,37(Z2):263-272

压板载荷试验是目前被普遍采用且认为是最可靠的地基承载力确定方法,但其影响因素多诸如压板尺寸、埋置深度、地基土均匀性、沉降稳定标准等,尤其以压板尺寸对试验结果的影响最大。工程实践表明,利用压板试验确定的地基承载力特征值设计的基础,实测沉降与计算沉降之间的误差较大,在已有研究成果基础上,研究载荷试验尺寸效应及地基承载力确定方法：（1）综述目前地基承载力确定方面存在问题;（2）分析载荷试验的尺寸效应;（3）基于杨光华教授提出的非线性切线模量法,推导并给出了如何利用小压板载荷试验结果得到实际基础的荷载-沉降曲线的方法;（4）给出利用实际基础的p-s曲线确定地基承载力的方法,实现地基安全和沉降双控的目的;（5）由于压板试验只能反映浅层土,文中利用旁压试验确定深层土的地基承载力的方法。具体工程实例结果表明,基于利用小压板获得的参数计算的沉降值更符合实际;研究通过小压板原位测试方法获取沉降计算的岩土体统参数方法,不仅能够提高沉降计算精度,还可促进基础设计理论的发展和设计水平的提高。  相似文献   

基于多尺度直剪试验的岩石模型结构面抗剪强度特征研究     

黄曼  杜时贵  罗战友  倪骁慧 《岩土力学》2013,34(11):3180-3186

开展岩石模型结构面抗剪强度特征的多尺度（尤其大尺寸）直剪试验研究对于理解岩石结构面力学特性具有重要的理论价值和实践意义。首先,基于多尺度直剪试验仪(MSJ-DST),对20 cm×20 cm、40 cm×40 cm、60 cm×60 cm、80 cm×80 cm和100 cm×100 cm的岩石模型结构面试样采用法向应力分别为200～1 000 kPa进行直接剪切试验;然后,研究不同尺寸岩石模型结构面抗剪强度的特征。结果表明：不同法向荷载作用下模型的受力变形特点相近,峰值剪切位移总体上随着某一数值附近上下浮动;在同一法向应力作用下,不同尺寸结构面试样的峰值抗剪强度表现出在某一数值附近上下浮动的特征,残余抗剪强度则表现出随尺寸的增加有小幅度增加;5级法向应力作用下,不同尺寸的峰值抗剪强度和残余抗剪强度随着法向应力的变化规律均近似相同,抗剪强度残余值与峰值的比值随着法向应力的增大逐渐增大并趋于稳定。  相似文献