顾及GF-3影像纹理特征的洪涝范围提取方法     

郁宗桥  王育红  刘文宋  左雨芳  冯锋 《测绘通报》2022,(5):26-31

洪涝灾害给社会、经济造成巨大损失,及时、快速监测洪涝范围在抗灾救灾中具有重要意义。合成孔径雷达(SAR)由于其主动式微波成像的机理,可为全天时、全天候、大范围洪涝灾害监测提供支持。本文首先以高分三号(GF-3)卫星影像为数据源,基于灰度共生矩阵(GLCM)、局部二值模式(LBP)等6种纹理描述方法提取138个SAR影像纹理特征;然后利用随机森林(RF)指标重要性评估功能,筛选出重要性得分较高的纹理特征进行水体信息提取;最后结合数学形态学对初始水体提取结果进行后处理,评估安徽巢湖附近区域洪涝灾害。试验表明,本文方法的水体提取精度优于传统阈值法(Otsu)及分类算法(KNN和SVM),可有效提取洪涝灾害的影响范围,为选取合适的SAR影像纹理特征进行洪涝范围快速监测提供参考。  相似文献   

Forecast of Flood in Chaohu Lake Basin of China Based on Grey-Markov Theory   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

LI Xiang WANG Xinyuan SHAO Wei XIA Linyi ZHANG Guangsheng TIAN Bing LI Wenda PENG Peng 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2007,17(1):64-68

Flood is one kind of unexpected and the most common natural disasters, which is affected by many factors and has complex mechanism. At home and abroad, there is still no mature theory and method used for the long-term forecast of natural precipitation at present. In the present paper the disadvantages of grey GM (1, 1) and Markov chain are ana- lyzed, and Grey-Markov forecast theory about flood is put forward and then the modifying model is developed by making prediction of Chaohu Lake basin. Hydrological law was conducted based on the theoretical forecasts by grey system GM (1, 1) forecast model with improved Markov chain. The above method contained Stat-analysis, embodying scientific approach, precise forecast and its reliable results.  相似文献   

CAUSES AND COUNTERMEASURES FOR CHAOHU LAKESHORE COLLAPSE   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

GAOChao WANGXin-yuan YANGZe-dong LUYing-cheng HEHui 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2005,15(1):88-93

1INTRODUCTIONChaohu Lake (30°25′28"-31°43′28"N, 117°16′54"-117°51′46"E) is located in the center of Anhui Provin-ce, and is one of the five biggest freshwater lakes inChina. The lakeshore′s collapse is one of the main envi-ronmental hazards of th  相似文献   

下扬子巢湖地区鼓地1井五峰组-高家边组下段页岩地球化学特征及其地质意义     

薛路  陈建文  吴飘  张鹏辉  王拔秀 《海洋地质前沿》2022,38(5):12-22

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Transmutation of ancient settlements and environmental changes between 6000–2000 aBP in the Chaohu Lake Basin,East China     

Li Wu  Xinyuan Wang  Kunshu Zhou  Duowen Mo  Cheng Zhu  Chao Gao  Guangsheng Zhang  Lan Li  Li Liu  Weiguang Han 《地理学报(英文版)》2010,20(5):687-700

Based on the temporal-spatial distribution features of ancient settlement sites from the middle and late Neolithic Age to the Han dynasty in the Chaohu Lake Basin of Anhui Province, East China, using the methods of GIS combined with the reconstructed paleoenvironment by the records of lake sediment since Holocene, the transmutation of ancient settlements with response to environmental changes in this area has been discussed. Studies show that the main feature of transmutation of ancient settlements from the middle and late Neolithic Age to the Han Dynasty was that the distribution of settlements in this area changed from high altitudes to low ones and kept approaching the Chaohu Lake with the passage of time. These could be the response to the climate change from warm-moist to a relatively warm-dry condition during the middle Holocene, leading to the lake level fluctuations. The large area of exposed land provided enough space for human activities. These indicate that the above changes in geomorphologic evolution and hydrology influenced by climate conditions affected the transmutation of ancient settlements greatly. The distribution pattern of settlement sites was that the number of sites in the west was more than in the east. This pattern may be related to the geomorphologic conditions such as frequent channel shifting of the Yangtze River as well as flood disasters during the Holocene optimum. Therefore, climate change was the inducement of the transmutation of ancient settlements in the Chaohu Lake Basin, which exerted great influence on the distribution, expansion and development of the ancient settlements.  相似文献   

历史地理     

《中国地理与资源文摘》2010,(1)

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印度阶-奥伦尼克阶界线层型候选剖面--安徽巢湖平顶山西剖面地层序列   总被引：12，自引：3，他引：9  

童金南  Hans J.Hansen  赵来时  左景勋 《地层学杂志》2005,29(2):205-214

位于安徽省中部巢湖市郊的平顶山西剖面被推荐为印度阶-奥伦尼克阶界线的全球层型候选剖面。系统记述了该剖面的地层序列,包括岩石地层、生物地层、磁性地层、碳氧同位素地层和旋回地层等方面的最新研究成果。该剖面包括3个岩石地层单元、7个牙形石带、5个菊石带、3个双壳类带;在剖面下段地层中识别出2个正向磁性带和2个反向磁极性带;与地球轨道天文周期相对应的Milankovitch气候沉积旋回也可以明确地辨认;碳氧同位素δ1 3Ccarb演变呈现两次大的旋回。以牙形石N eospathodus waageni首现定义的印度阶-奥伦尼克阶界线在该剖面上位于三叠系第二个主要的正向极性带近顶部,也接近三叠纪碳同位素δ1 3Ccarb首次正向漂移峰值处  相似文献   

巢湖沉积物镉等重金属地球化学分布、赋存特征及危害性研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

陈富荣 《安徽地质》2009,19(3):200-203,189

对巢湖表层沉积物中8种重金属元素的分布特征和生态风险进行了研究和评价。结果表明：沉积物中Hg、Cd含量总体高于背景值,其中西部沉积物中重金属含量明显高于中东部湖区,并表现出多元素复合污染特征;Hakanson潜在生态危害指数表明巢湖沉积物重金属生态危害变化于轻微-强危害程度,以西北部湖区最为严重,Hg和Cd是主要影响因子,其它元素生态危害性较小;沉积物中As、cd、Hg、Pb元素主要以残渣态（非有效态）形式存在,但沉积物中腐殖酸态的As和Hg、铁锰氧化态的Pb、离子态的Cd占总量比例较高,其中又以Cd易利用态比例最高,生物有效性最强,具有较高的生态危害风险。  相似文献   

巢湖平顶山北坡剖面早三叠世碳、氧同位素地层学研究   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7  

左景勋  童金南  邱海鸥  赵来时 《地层学杂志》2004,28(1):35-40,47

取自安徽巢湖平顶山北坡下三叠统剖面中 12 4个碳、氧同位素样品的分析结果表明 ,由 Induan阶→Olenekian阶下部→ Olenekian阶中部 ,δ1 3C平均值由 - 1.8‰减小到 - 3.9‰后又快速增大到 3.7‰ ,δ1 8O的平均值由 - 6 .9‰降低到 - 8.6‰后又回升到 - 6 .5‰。 Induan阶的中、上部δ1 3C呈缓慢上升趋势 ,Olenekian阶下部δ1 3C呈明显的“U”型谷 ,Olenekian阶中部 δ1 3C表现为显著正漂。碳、氧同位素演化特征表明 ,早三叠世 Induan期环境恶劣、生物复苏缓慢 ,Olenekian早期的地质事件导致生物再次绝灭 ,延缓了生物复苏的进程。  相似文献   

下扬子巢湖地区中二叠统孤峰组富有机质硅质岩有机地球化学特征     

耿梓傲  韦恒叶 《高校地质学报》1997,25(6):823

华南下扬子巢湖地区孤峰组黑色硅质岩中富含有机质，是中国油气和页岩气勘探的潜在源岩，研究孤峰组有机质富集规律对开展油气勘探工作具有重要意义。文章对巢湖平顶山地区中二叠统孤峰组硅质岩进行总有机碳含量（TOC）和饱和烃分子标志物特征分析，探讨其中有机质富集规律。结果表明孤峰组有机质热成熟度参数C29 ααα甾烷20S/(20S+20R)比值分布在0.37 至0.46 之间，C31升藿烷22S/(S+R)比值分布在0.53 至0.59 之间，热成熟度水平处于生油窗的早期。有机质正构烷烃主峰为C18，以短链烷烃为主，藿烷含量较高，甾烷以C27 ααα 20R 胆甾烷为主，有机质主要来自海洋浮游藻类和细菌。孤峰组有机质Pr/Ph 比值小于0.6，伽玛蜡烷指数平均值为0.2，说明古沉积水体为中等分层缺氧环境。孤峰组普遍富含有机质可能与炎热气候下古沉积水体长期分层和缺氧有关。随着气候在孤峰组沉积早期和晚期突然变冷，高强度的海洋洋流上涌提高了初级生产力水平，造成有机质更大规模的富集。  相似文献