Seasonal and spatial characteristics of seawater and sediment at Youngil Bay, southeast coast of Korea   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Lee M  Bae W  Chung J  Jung HS  Shim H 《Marine pollution bulletin》2008,57(6-12):325-334

The seasonal geochemical characteristics of the seawater and sediments and the major factors causing heavy metal contamination were investigated at the Youngil bay and the Hyungsan river estuary in the Southeast Coast of Korea, where a world-scale steel-industry complex (Pohang iron and steel industrial complex, POSCO) is located. The seasonal and spatial distribution characteristics of temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, and nutrients of the seawater were studied at 45 fixed stations, especially focusing on the river mouth area. Sediments at 27 stations were examined during winter and summer to determine the major controlling factors for the distribution of metals, using correlation matrix and R-mode factor analyses, and to evaluate the pollution status, using the modified geoaccumulation (I(geo)(')) index. Temperatures for the effluent from the POSCO located at the Hyungsan river mouth were 2-3 degrees C higher compared to other sampling areas, due to the thermal discharge from the POSCO. The DO concentration of the surface water at the Pohang old port was as low as 2-4 mg/L. In spring, the DO value at the Hyungsan river mouth was higher than 12 mg/L, by the mass multiplication of phytoplanktons at the river mouth where seawater temperature and nutrients concentrations were relatively high, resulting in the pH value of higher than 8.3. The nitrogen to phosphorus (N/P) ratios at the river mouth were 20-150 times higher compared to other areas, implying that the nitrogen loading into this semi-enclosed bay is significantly higher than phosphorus and the major nitrogen sources are not only the domestic sewage from the city but the industrial wastewater from the POSCO and other steel factories nearby. The phosphorus concentrations at the Pohang old port were shown 3-10 times higher than those at other stations, due to the inflow of pollutants generated from the nearby ships anchoring and the release of phosphate from the bottom sediment. Results from the sediment analysis showed that the major controlling factors for the distribution pattern of each metal are grain size and organic carbon (C(org)) content. Based on the factor analysis, Al, Fe, Cr, Li, and Pb were shown strongly correlated with the mean grain size (Mz), whereas Cd, Cu, Zn, and Sn with the C(org) content. Results from the fractionation of the sedimentary metals into lattice and labile fractions to characterize the mobility of sediment metals showed that the mineral lattice fraction was high in the order of Al=K>Cr>Li>Sr>Fe, while the labile fraction, which might be released to the overlying water, was in the order of Pb>Zn>Cd>Cu>Ca>Sn. Evaluation of the sediment pollution status by applying (I(geo)(')) of 13 metals showed Cd, Cu, and Zn as high as 1-3 range at the old port. Even though the overall marine pollution mainly by the world-class steel industrial complex in this semi-enclosed bay area studied does not currently pose a serious threat, due to the seawater circulation and the large influx of river discharge, the countermeasures to implement the sediments concentrated with heavy metals, especially at the old port with no seawater circulation, are still warranted for this coastal water environment.  相似文献   

Accumulation of Phosphorus and Heavy Metals in the Peel-Harvey Estuary in Western Australia: Results of a Preliminary Study     

R.G. Gerritse  P.J. Wallbrink  A.S. Murray 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1998,47(6):679-693

Concentrations of P and of heavy metals (Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu) were determined in sediment cores from the Peel-Harvey Estuary in Western Australia. Two cores were extracted, each representing one of the two basins of the estuary. Sediments were dated by surplus²¹⁰Pb, by¹³⁷Cs and by changes in the Fe/S ratio. Increasing exports of P from the mainly agricultural catchments have resulted in more than a doubling of both total P and acid extractable inorganic P in sediments of the estuary. Accumulation of P in the estuary is less than expected for complete retention of inputs of P from the major tributaries. Historical data show that since 1950 average concentrations of dissolved inorganic P have approximately doubled in the Peel Inlet and increased by times seven in the Harvey Estuary. Increases in concentrations in surface sediments of acid extractable Zn, Cd, Pb and Cu are noticeable in the Peel Inlet, and of Zn and Cd in the Harvey Estuary. The greatest increase, relative to background, is shown by Zn. Concentrations of extractable Zn and Cd in surface sediments are similar to those estimated from average concentrations in the water column for equilibrium adsorption to organic matter in sediments. Extractable Pb is greater than estimated for equilibrium adsorption to sediments. Extractable Cu is of the order of what can be expected for equilibrium adsorption to sediments in the Peel Inlet, but is less than expected in the Harvey Estuary.  相似文献   

浅谈数字化专题地图的设计与制作     

赵永军  魏翠英  程培嵩 《测绘与空间地理信息》1999,22(1):23-24

本文结合生产实践介绍了数字化专题地图设计与制作的方法、数据获取途径及相关的理论知识。并提出个人见解以供探讨。  相似文献   

建立海洋平台管节点PSN曲线的贝叶斯方法     

王自力  张家新  朱安庆 《海洋工程》1999,17(3)

针对管节点疲劳试验的小样本特点,探讨了建立ＰＳＮ 曲线的贝叶斯方法。在贝叶斯方法中,ＰＳＮ曲线的统计参数作为随机变量处理,首先根据贝叶斯定理求出参数向量的后验概率密度,然后建立ＰＳＮ曲线的贝叶斯方程,最后再编程计算。算例表明,与传统的ＰＳＮ 曲线相比,贝叶斯ＰＳＮ 曲线更加安全可靠  相似文献   

新疆可可塔勒金与多金属矿带成矿演化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

丁汝福  赵伦山  王京彬  张进红  方同辉 《地质论评》1999,45(7):1132-1138

海西早期,西伯利亚板块南缘拉张沉降带NW向断裂控制着 麦兹、克朗火山沉积盆地及可可塔勒矿带海相火山喷流沉积型铁铅锌铜矿床。矿床形成顺序为蒙库铁矿、可可塔勒铅锌矿、铁木尔特铅锌矿和后期断裂作用形成的萨热阔布金矿。与铁矿床有关的黄铁矿硫同位素组成显示硫和矿质来自深部岩浆源,铅锌铜矿硫同位素分为两组,一组富轻硫,δ34S最低为-27.96‰（范围-27.961‰～-5.400‰）,另一组δ34S均值接近于0‰（范围-3.360‰～+5.100‰）,硫同位素及流体包裹体资料表明有两种成矿流体,一种为海水深循环热液;另一种为火山岩浆热液。断裂构造、盆地、火山活动和流体演化决定了矿带成矿系列演化。  相似文献   

Solving stiff mass transfers in compositional multiphase flow models: Numerical stability and spurious solutions     

Philippe Tardy  Michel Quintard 《Computational Geosciences》1999,3(2):161-183

This paper points out two numerical problems linked to the resolution of compositional multiphase flow models for porous media with the finite‐volume technique. In particular, we consider fluid mixtures featuring fast mass transfers between the phases, hence stiff. In this context, we show how the computation of mass exchange kinetics can be expensive and that erroneous saturation front locations arise. A numerical splitting method is developed which is proven to be stable with advection‐type time steps, whatever the stiffness of the mass transfer. The erroneous front location problem is illustrated and shown to be intrinsically linked to the numerical diffusion. If we assume that the fluids are in thermodynamical equilibrium, we find that spurious solutions can be avoided by deriving and solving a new uncoupled hyperbolic equation for the saturation. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

温度对褐牙鲆资源补充特征的生态效应   总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8  

朱鑫华  王云峰  刘栋 《海洋与湖沼》1999,30(5):477-485

根据１９８０－１９９５年让湾和渤海不记学调查资料,采用自然生态学与实验生态学相结合的方法,综合分析温度对褐牙鲆补充阶段生活史特征及其资源补充过程的影响。结果表明,随地理纬度的增加,褐牙鲆产卵期滞后,生殖季节缩短,在水温从９．６２℃增至１９．８９℃的过程中褐芽鲆的性腺 育指数（ＧＳＩ）出现单一峰值,７月至翌年３月间此值均小于１．０;在实验水温范围（７－２７℃）内,受精卵孵化时数（ｔ）随水温（Ｔ）变化  相似文献   

牙鲆幼鱼对n-3高度不饱和脂肪酸的吸收及与生长关系的初步研究   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8  

刘洪杰  毛兴华 《海洋与湖沼》1999,30(3):238-244

于1996年9-10月在中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所小麦岛实验基地,采用人工投喂的方法,给牙鲆幼鱼投喂含不同含量n-3高度不饱和脂肪酸（n-3HUFA）的人工饵料,研究牙鲆幼鱼对饵料中n-3HUFA的消化、吸收以及n-3HUFA的含量与日增重率、饵料效率的关系。结果表明,在饵料中添加0.60％—2.40％的n-3HUFA可有效提高牙鲆幼鱼的日增重率和饵料效率;肝脏中n-3HUFA的含量与饵料中n-3HUFA（尤其是DHA）的含量成正比;牙鲆幼鱼对饵料中n-3HUFA的表观消化吸收率随其含量的增加呈下降趋势。  相似文献   

Anisotropic structure of the Hikurangi subduction zone, New Zealand—integrated interpretation of surface-wave andbody-wave observations     

Alex Brisbourne  Graham Stuart  & J.-Michael Kendall 《Geophysical Journal International》1999,137(1):214-230

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Three-dimensional sensitivity kernels for finite-frequency traveltimes: the banana–doughnut paradox     

Henk Marquering  F.A. Dahlen  & Guust Nolet 《Geophysical Journal International》1999,137(3):805-815

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