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1.
13kaBP以来滇池地区古环境演化 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
根据DC93一1孔孢粉组合、总有机碳（TOC）、总氮（TN）、碳氮比（C／N）、有机碳同位素δ13Corg、磁化率（χ）、频率磁化率（χfd）等资料,结合14C、210Pb和137Cs测年,滇池地区13ka以来的古环境演化历史经历了以下几个阶段：13—10．2kaBP．气候偏凉湿,湖水深度不大;10．2－7．5kaBP,气候向暖湿过渡．湖水渐深;7．5－4．0kaBP,气候暖湿,出热条件达到最佳配制,湖水也最深．6．5kaBP前后,气温最高,这一时段古气候状况存在次级波动;4．0－2．7kaBP,气候突转干旱．湖水最浅;2．7－1．7kaBP,气候温湿,湖面扩大,湖水变深;1．7kaBP,人类活动影响的加剧,使湖泊环境的变化更为复杂． 相似文献
2.
13kaBP以来滇池地区古环境演 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
根据ＤＣ９３－１孔孢粉组合、总有机碳（ＴＯＣ）、总氮（ＴＮ）、碳氮比（Ｃ／Ｎ）、有机碳同位素δ＾１３Ｃｒｏｇ、磁化率（ｘ）、频率磁化率（ｘｆｄ）等资料,结合＾１４Ｃ、＾２１０Ｐｂ和＾１３７Ｃｓ测年,汗池地区１３ｋａ以来的古环境演化历史经历了以下几个阶段：１３－１０．２ｋａＢＰ,气候偏凉湿,湖水深度不大;１０．２－７．５ｋａＢＰ,气候向暖湿过渡,湖水渐深：７．５－４．０ｋａＢＰ,气候暖湿,水热条件达 相似文献
3.
4.
岱海的"中世纪暖期" 总被引：29，自引：1，他引：29
内蒙古岱海沉积物近2200a来Rb/Sr比值、CaCO3和有机碳含量的变化展现了包括中世纪暖期（MWP）及小冰期（LIA）等典型气候事件在内的环境演化过程，总体表现为暖期的沉积物Rb/Sr比值低，冷期的则高：CaCO3和有机碳含量则相反。这里，以单一流域化学风化记录表明我国北方存在明显的中世纪暖期，发生时间约900－1200aB.P..主要环境特征表现为流域化学风化的显著增强（低Rb/Sr比值）、生物生产力逐步提高（高有机碳）、湖泊水位大幅度抬升的湖泊沉积记录，其间经历的化学风化是近两千年内最强的，并且其发生时间与全球其他地区基本一致。 相似文献
5.
广东四会古森林地下生态系统碳同位素组成及其古气候意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过研究四会地下古森林沉积剖面总有机碳及细根的碳同位素组成,揭示珠江三角洲地区在中晚全新世4．5～0．6ka BP期间的气候和地理环境变化特征．研究结果表明：在4．5—0．6ka BP期间,该地区的主要植被类型为C3植被．古森林在4ka BP左右于湿地环境中开始发育,在3ka BP左右与湿地同时消失,表明在3ka BP左右该地区的气候可能发生过急剧的变化．模拟结果显示：在3．5-3ka BP期间,该地区大气CO2浓度上升,气候有变暖的趋势;3～1．2ka BP期间的地层^14C年代呈现大的跨度,这可能与新构造运动过程中地层抬升并遭到强烈剥蚀有关．在1．2～0．6ka BP期间,该地区为陆相沉积环境,植被的生物量日渐减少．古森林的消失可能与在3ka BP左右研究区域气候变干有关,热带辐合带的南移可能是导致气候变化的主要机制． 相似文献
6.
龙感湖钻孔揭示的末次盛冰期以来的环境演化 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
通过龙感湖滩地钻孔24．4m深度以内的沉积物岩性、生物和物理指标分析，在^14C年代测定的基础上，对龙感湖末次盛冰期以来的环境演化进行了恢复，15．0kaBP前和10．0－6．3kaBP，龙感湖区发育河流沉积，以低生物量和高磁化率为特征；约15．0－10．0kaBP期间的晚冰期，龙感湖首次成湖，湖泊中生物量明显提高；现代龙感湖雏形始于约6．3kaBP后，至3．7kaBP后发展为稳定的湖泊环境，此外，花粉结果显示，龙感湖湿地相干被大致形成于3．3kaBP后，然后，龙感湖的成因和演化，及其与长江关系的研究，还必须重视对沉各物物源的追踪。 相似文献
7.
无机成因和有机成因烷烃气的鉴别 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
在中国有机成因气（煤成气和油型气）及无机成因烷烃气（甲烷）碳同位素系列、R／Ra以及cH4,3He大量分析数据的基础上,结合美国、俄罗斯、德国和澳大利亚等国家相应项次众多的分析数据,经综合对比研究,提出鉴别无机成因和有机成因烷烃气的4个指标：①无机成因甲烷碳同位素组成一般〉-30‰,有机成因甲烷碳同位素组成一般〈-30‰;②无机成因烷烃气具有负碳同位素系列（δ^13C1〉δ^13C2〉δ^13C3〉δ^13C4）和甲烷碳同位素组成一般〉-30‰的特征;③RIRa〉0．5和万δ^13C1-δ^13C2〉0的天然气是无机成因烷烃气;④CH4／^3He≤10^6是无机成因烷烃气（甲烷）,CH4／^3He≥10^11是有机成因烷烃气． 相似文献
8.
引入非线性动力学理论和混沌时间序列分析方法考察强震地面运动加速度时程的非线性特征。首先采用功率谱分析法、主成份分析法和Cao方法定性判断地震动加速度时程具有混沌特性,然后应用混沌时间序列分析方法定量计算了30条地震动加速度时程的三个非线性特征参数。计算表明,这些地震动时程的关联维数为2．0～4．0的分数维,Kolmogorov熵K2为大于零的有限正值,最大Lyapunov指数在o～i．0之间。结果说明,强震地面运动具有混沌特性,地震动的高度不规则和复杂性是地震过程强非线性的反映。 相似文献
9.
孢粉-气候对应分析重建上海西部地区8.5 ka B.P.以来的气候 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
利用现代和化石孢粉资料，借助于对应分析方法，进行了古气候定量重建尝试，取自中国东部区域的表土层孢粉数据被用来建立孢粉－气候转换函数，对取自上清青浦县赵巷有^14C测年的钻孔孢粉数据进行转换，重建了上海地区8．5kaB.P.以来年年温度和降雨量系列，结果表明：约8．5kaB.P.以来，本区温度和降雨量持续升高，约8．2－6．0kaB.P.期间为全新世气候适宜期，年均温和降水量值平均高于现今值0．9℃和160mm，约8．0kaB.P.达到最高值（湿度和降雨量为18．5℃和1575mm)；但气候波动剧烈；约6．0－4．0kaB.P.期间为温凉干燥期，气候波动平缓，年均温度和降雨量平衡低于现今值，最低值为13．5℃和827mm(4.1kaB.P.);约4．0－2．0kaB.P.，期间温度和降水回升，但暖湿程度远不及全新世大暖期。2．0kaB.P.以来温度和降雨又呈下降趋势。8．0kaB.P.、7．6kaB.P.和27kaB.P.前后的出现高温高湿峰值，7．5kaB.P.、7．3kaB.P.和4．0kaB.P.前后出现低温低湿谷值。气候变化对本区古文化的发展可能有重要影响。 相似文献
10.
南四湖沉积剖面中色素与有机碳同位素特征的古环境意义 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
湖泊沉积物中的色素含量与种类是研究湖泊初始生产力和湖泊环境的有效手段之一．而有机碳同位素比值反映了沉积有机物来源信息．本文在对南四湖沉积剖面中总有机碳含量分析的基础上,测定了有机碳的同位素比值,同时通过剖面中色素指标的分析,揭示该湖泊环境演化历史．研究表明,南四湖成湖时代为2．45kaB．P,成期水体主要来自黄河泛滥;其次,南四湖东西沉积环境差异较大,西部（微山湖）主要受黄河泛滥影响,东部（独山湖）则为山麓碎屑沉积;近代南四湖中蓝藻大量繁盛,湖泊具有逐步向富营养化发展的趋势． 相似文献
11.
By observing, measuring the fluvial sediment grain size of mid-western segment of the Qilianshan Range and studying the correlation between the grain size and uplift of the plateau, we model the correlation. These models are applied to the Laojunmiao section and the process curve of the uplift of the northern Tibetan Plateau against age from 8.35 Ma is illustrated here. The process curve shows that the northern Tibetan Plateau surface has uplifted from the mean altitude of 900–3700 m since 8.35 MaBP. From 8.35 to 3.1 MaBP, the Tibetan Plateau uplifted slowly, uplifted amplitude is small, the total range is 420 m. From 3.1 MaBP up to now, the Tibetan Plateau uplifted tempestuously, showing that the uplift accelerated obviously later. It uplifted totally 2400 m. About 0.9 Ma ago, the northern Tibetan Plateau surface had uplifted to over 3000 m a.s.l., showing that the Tibetan Plateau surface had reached the cryosphere; and the mountain peaks had uplifted to more than 4000 m altitude, suggesting that there was a glacier developed on the mountains. 相似文献
12.
The surface uplift history of the Tibetan Plateau has provided a key boundary criterion for various geological, climatic, and environmental events since the Cenozoic. The paleoelevation history of the plateau is organically associated with interactions amongst deep geodynamics, earth surface processes, and climate change. Understanding of plateau uplift history has been advanced by the development of a number of paleoaltimetries and their application to studies of the Tibetan Plateau: the paleogeomorphic scenario for the Early Eocene Tibetan Plateau is thought to include two high mountains, the ca. 4500 m Gangdese Mountains to the south, and the ca. 5000 m Qiangtang Center Watershed Mountains to the north. Between these ranges, a low-elevation basin (ca. 2500 m) is thought to have been present. The Himalayas in the southern Tibetan Plateau was close to sea level at this time, while the Hoh Xil Basin in the north reached an elevation of no more than 1500 m. Thus, the so-called “Roof of the World” Tibetan Plateau formed subsequent to the Miocene. Nevertheless,, the uplift histories of the different terranes that comprise this plateau currently remain unclear, which constrains the uplift history reconstruction of the entire Tibetan Plateau. Additional paleoelevation data from different areas, obtained using multi-paleoaltimeters, is required to resolve the forms and processes of Tibetan Plateau uplift and extension. 相似文献
13.
青藏高原东南部巴松措现代沉积过程及其对气候变化的响应 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
湖泊沉积物是记录气候演化信息的重要载体之一，在探讨过去气候变化过程研究中发挥重要作用.然而，沉积物中的许多代用指标对气候的指示意义存在多解性，不同指标所反映的环境信息相互之间有时会存在矛盾.为了能够更准确地解读湖泊沉积物中指标所记录的环境变化信息，开展现代湖泊沉积物指标与环境之间的关系研究，深入探讨各指标对环境变化的响应机制尤为关键.本文选取青藏高原东南部巴松措湖泊表层沉积物作为研究对象，利用210Pb与137Cs比活度检测结果建立年代序列，对沉积物中粒度、磁化率、有机质含量等指标进行分析，揭示巴松措现代沉积过程.结合沉积物粒度端元组分分析结果，并将不同指标变化与林芝气象站所记录的数据资料进行对比，得出以下主要结论：该地区沉积物来源主要包括径流搬运的冰川碎屑物质和来自青藏高原南部、西南部上空悬浮于大气中的风成物质两部分；其中，通过风力搬运的物质输入主要集中在冬半年，受季节性风向及风速变化影响明显；径流受到冰雪融水与夏季降水的补给，因此通过径流搬运的物质输入量受到温度与降水综合影响；湖泊中磁性矿物碎屑的产生和输入主要受区域降水量影响的流域侵蚀速率变化控制，该湖泊沉积物磁化率波动可以有效的指示该地区降水量变化；沉积物中总有机碳含量和总氮含量变化主要反映湖泊自身初级生产力的变化，对区域温度变化的响应显著. 相似文献
14.
青藏高原的隆升过程与地球动力学模型研究进展 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：8
综合对比、分析了现有青藏高原隆升过程和地球动力学模型相关成果，认为：（1）高原岩石圈以多圈层为特征，其内部层圈相互作用复杂，从而导致隆升过程和机制的复杂性以及构造演化的阶段性，高原的隆升是多种机制联合作用的产物，具有多阶段、非均一、不等速的特征；（2）现有地球动力学模式多力求用一种动力学体制对高原整体构造格架和成因演化进行解释，然而，高原的隆升过程、状态和动力学机制具有非线性、非周期性和无序性等特征，其隆升作用存在非线性效应；（3）以数值模拟为手段，开展物理与数学的定量模拟研究，建立组合动力学模型，是青藏高原隆升过程和地球动力学研究中有待深化的重要课题。 相似文献
15.
兰州地区位于黄土高原和青藏高原的过渡带,其第三纪地层对研究风尘沉积发育和青藏高原隆升都有着特殊的意义.本研究以0.5 m间距对兰州盆地皋兰山剖面240 m的晚第三纪地层进行古地磁样品采集,古地磁样品共计422个;以50 ℃为间隔从室温至500 ℃用热退磁仪和超导磁力仪完成了皋兰山剖面样品的系统热退磁和剩磁测量.结果表明皋兰山剖面上部地层的实测极性柱出现2个负极性大段中间夹着4个正极性小段,其特点与Gilbert时的典型特征完全一致,并且两端未完全出露的正极性分别与Chron2A.3n和Chron3An.1n相对应,最终确定皋兰山剖面的年代为6～3.5 Ma.由此推断,皋兰山剖面顶部的五泉砾岩形成大约开始于3.5 Ma,五泉砾岩底界年代的确定,为青藏高原的A幕运动提供了地质证据.皋兰山剖面深度602 m处出现由河湖相砂岩向以风成红粘土为主常夹有薄层砂岩的地层转变,通过岩性地层及年代的推断,兰州地区的风尘序列堆积发育的年代至少为7 Ma,与黄土高原风尘序列堆积底界8～7 Ma基本一致,说明了兰州地区与黄土高原在风尘序列堆积过程中具有统一性. 相似文献
16.
FU KaiDao FANG XiaoMin GAO JunPing HAN WenXia & LI LiLi MOE National Laboratory of Western China''''s Environmental Systems & College of Resource Environment Lanzhou University Lanzhou China Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2007,50(1):81-91
The widely distributed thick gravel deposits along the rim of the Tibetan Plateau have been long thought to be the product of rapid tectonic uplift of the plateau. However, this has been challenged by recent works that suggest these thick gravels may be the result of climate change. In this paper we carried out a detailed field measurement of gravel grain sizes from the Jiuquan and Gobi Gravel Beds in the top of the Laojunmiao section in the Jiuxi Basin in the northern margin of Qilian Mts. (northern Tibetan Plateau). The results suggest that the grain sizes of the Jiuquan and Gobi Gravel Beds over the last 0.8 Ma are characterized by nine coarse-fine cycles having strong 100-ka and 41-ka periodicities that correlate well with the loess-paleosol monsoon record and isotopic global climatic record from deep sea sediments as well as by a long trend of coarsening in gravel grain size. The coarse gravel layers were formed during the warm-humid interglaciations while the fine layers correspond to the cold-dry glaciations. Because the paleoclimate in NW China began to get dramatically drier after the mid-Pleistocene, we think the persistent coarsening of gravel grain size was most probably caused by the rapid uplift of the northern Tibetan Plateau, and that the orbital scale cyclic variations in gravel grain size were driven by orbital forcing factors that were superimposed on the tectonically-forced long-term coarsening trend in gravel size. These findings also shed new light on the interaction results of climate and tectonics in relation to the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau. 相似文献
17.
TAO Zhen SHEN ChengDe GAO QuanZhou SUN YanMin YI WeiXi & LI YingNian School of Geography Planning Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou China Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Xining China 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2007,50(7)
High-resolution sampling,measurements of organic carbon contents and 14C signatures of selected four soil profiles in the Haibei Station situated on the northeast Tibetan Plateau,and application of 14C tracing technology were conducted in an attempt to investigate the turnover times of soil organic car-bon and the soil-CO2 flux in the alpine meadow ecosystem. The results show that the organic carbon stored in the soils varies from 22.12×104 kg C hm-2 to 30.75×104 kg C hm-2 in the alpine meadow eco-systems,with an average of 26.86×104 kg C hm-2. Turnover times of organic carbon pools increase with depth from 45 a to 73 a in the surface soil horizon to hundreds of years or millennia or even longer at the deep soil horizons in the alpine meadow ecosystems. The soil-CO2 flux ranges from 103.24 g C m-2 a-1 to 254.93 gC m-2 a-1,with an average of 191.23 g C m-2 a-1. The CO2 efflux produced from microbial decomposition of organic matter varies from 73.3 g C m-2 a-1 to 181 g C m-2 a-1. More than 30% of total soil organic carbon resides in the active carbon pool and 72.8%―81.23% of total CO2 emitted from or-ganic matter decomposition results from the topsoil horizon (from 0 cm to 10 cm) for the Kobresia meadow. Responding to global warming,the storage,volume of flow and fate of the soil organic carbon in the alpine meadow ecosystem of the Tibetan Plateau will be changed,which needs further research. 相似文献
18.
Holocene climate change in the Central Tibetan Plateau inferred by lacustrine sediment geochemical records 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Multi-proxies of lacustrine sediments, such as total carbon (TC), total organic carbon (TOC), total inorganic carbon (TIC), total nitrogen (TN), total sulfur (TS), hydrogen index (HI), oxygen index (OI) and stable carbon isotopic composition of organic matter (δ 13Corg), were analyzed using a 7.3 m core from Zigê Tangco. The source of the organic matter in the sediment was mainly from autochthonous phytoplankton, therefore the significances of proxies can be interpreted as that high TOC, TOC/TS, HI and δ13Corg values, low TC, TIC values corresponded to warm and wet climatic condition, and vice versa. The process of climatic development in the Zigê Tangco region was hence recovered. During the early and Mid-Holocene, the climate was warm and wet and intensive cold events occurred during the periods of 8600 to 8400 cal a BP and 7400 to 7000 cal a BP. In the second half of Holocene, the climate became cold and dry gradually. The palaeoclimatic process during Holocene in Zigê Tangco region matched well with that in Co Ngoin region which is ca 40 km to the south-east. Therefore this palaeoclimatic process represents the Holocene climatic feature in the Central Tibetan Plateau which has the same pattern in the Northern Tibetan Plateau, but the time and duration of some climatic events might be different. We can conclude that in Holocene solar insolation controlled the climatic pattern on the central Tibetan Plateau. 相似文献
19.
《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2021,(3)
Modern pollen analysis is the basis for revealing the palaeovegetation and palaeoclimate changes from fossil pollen spectra. Many studies pertaining to the modern pollen assemblages on the Tibetan Plateau have been conducted, but little attention has been paid to pollen assemblages of surface lake sediments. In this study, modern pollen assemblages of surface lake sediments from 34 lakes in the steppe and desert zones of the Tibetan Plateau are investigated and results indicate that the two vegetation zones are dominated by non-arboreal pollen taxa and show distinctive characteristics. The pollen assemblages from the desert zone contain substantially high relative abundance of Chenopodiaceae while those from the steppe zone are dominated by Cyperaceae. Pollen ratios show great potential in terms of separating different vegetation zones and to indicate climate changes on the Tibetan Plateau. The Artemisia/Chenopodiaceae ratio and arboreal/non-arboreal pollen ratio could be used as proxies for winter precipitation. Artemisia/Cyperaceae ratio and the sum of relative abundance of xerophilous elements increase with enhanced warming and aridity. When considering the vegetation coverage around the lakes, hierarchical cluster analysis suggests that the studied sites can be divided into four clusters: meadow, steppe, desert-steppe, and desert. The pollen-based vegetation classification models are established using a random forest algorithm. The random forest model can effectively separate the modern pollen assemblages of the steppe zone from those of the desert zone on the Tibetan Plateau. The model for distinguishing the four vegetation clusters shows a weaker but still valid classifying power. It is expected that the random forest model can provide a powerful tool to reconstruct the palaeovegetation succession on the Tibetan Plateau when more pollen data from surface lake sediments are included. 相似文献
20.
The eastern part of Qilian Mountains experienced strong tectonic uplift during the late Quaternary, and climate record there was influenced by Tibetan Plateau to some extent. Based on studies on the fluvial terrace series and eolian loess deposition, we find that the tectonic uplifts of the Tibetan Plateau had coupled with climatic changes in our studied region and others since the mid-Pleistocene. The uplift that occurred at 0.83 Ma corresponded to significant desert expansion in L6 and periodic variation since MIS16, while the 0.14Ma one to the further drying in northwest China. Those coupled events may indicate that tectonic uplift drove climatic changes, and the Tibetan Plateau has important impacts on East Asian Monsoon system. 相似文献