44 years hindcast of sea level in the Atlantic Coast of Europe     

P. Sebastião  C. Guedes Soares  E. Alvarez 《Coastal Engineering》2008

The sea level of Northeast Atlantic Ocean is calculated for the period between 1958 and 2001 using a state-of-the-art barotropic model with a grid size of 10′ × 15′ (long × lat). The model includes astronomic effects, considering seven components of the tide, and the meteorological effects of wind and atmospheric pressure, allowing obtaining the astronomic tide, the atmospheric residuals and the non-linear addition of both components of sea level.  相似文献   

Direct determination of tidal levels for engineering applications based on biological observations     

S.C. Stiros  P.A. Pirazzoli 《Coastal Engineering》2008

The scarcity of tide gauges in a global scale and the variability of the tidal levels along contiguous coasts mainly due to changing hydrographic conditions make the determination of tidal levels, especially of the Mean Sea Level, not an easy task. Determination of such levels with a precision of about 10 cm, necessary for most coastal engineering works, is usually based on records of temporary tide gauges or on geomorphological techniques. In this paper we present an alternative approach permitting to accurately identify tidal levels with a precision suitable for civil engineering applications based on biological observations on rocky shores, including breakwaters and quays. More specifically, we present evidence that the biological zonation, i.e. the distribution of coastal species in well-defined sub-horizontal belts, is practically insensitive to seasonal and other small-scale fluctuations of the sea level and is clearly related to certain levels, mostly the Mean Low Water (MLW). This approach, somewhat similar to what has been used in the past (for instance for the determination of the geodetic vertical datum in the Republic of Venice, Italy, till approximately AD 1800), permits direct determination of the Mean Sea Level or of other tidal levels on the basis of biological observations without statistical analyses of tide-gauge records with an accuracy of 5–10 cm, especially in microtidal, low-energy coasts.  相似文献   

The influence of 70 and 120 kHz tonal signals on the behavior of harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) in a floating pen     

Kastelein RA  Verboom WC  Jennings N  de Haan D  van der Heul S 《Marine environmental research》2008,66(3):319-326

Two harbor porpoises in a floating pen were subjected to five pure tone underwater signals of 70 or 120kHz with different signal durations, amplitudes and duty cycles (% of time sound is produced). Some signals were continuous, others were intermittent (duty cycles varied between 8% and 100%). The effect of each signal was judged by comparing the animals' surfacing locations and number of surfacings (i.e. number of respirations) during test periods with those during baseline periods. In all cases, both porpoises moved away from the sound source, but the effect of the signals on respiration rates was negligible. Pulsed 70kHz signals with a source level (SL) of 137dB had a similar effect as a continuous 70kHz signal with an SL of 148dB (re 1muPa, rms). Also, a pulsed 70kHz signal with an SL of 147dB had a much stronger deterring effect than a continuous 70kHz signal with a similar SL. For pulsed 70kHz signals (2s pulse duration, 4s pulse interval, SL 147dB re 1muPa, rms), the avoidance threshold sound pressure level (SPL), in the context of the present study, was estimated to be around 130dB (re 1muPa, rms) for porpoise 064 and around 124dB (re 1muPa, rms) for porpoise 047. This study shows that ultrasonic pingers (70kHz) can deter harbor porpoises. Such ultrasonic pingers have the advantage that they do not have a "dinner bell" effect on pinnipeds, and probably have no, or less, effect on other marine fauna, which are often sensitive to low frequency sounds.  相似文献   

Equilibrium erosion of soft rock shores with a shallow or absent beach under increased sea level rise   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Mike Walkden  Mark Dickson   《Marine Geology》2008,251(1-2):75-84

A process-based numerical model was used to explore the response of soft rock shores with low volume beaches to variable rates of sea level rise. Equilibrium recession rates were simulated for ranges of wave height and period, tidal amplitude, rock strength, beach volume and rate of sea level rise. Equilibrium shore profiles were found to be steeper with higher rates of sea level rise. Beaches were represented as protective surfaces yet were found to cause no significant reduction in equilibrium recession rate when their volumes were below a critical threshold. Reduced equilibrium recession rates were found with beaches that extended sufficiently far below low tide level. The model results imply that, given several constraints, a very simple relationship exists between increased rates of sea level rise and the response of eroding composite soft rock/low volume beach shores.  相似文献   

深海调查绞车牵引机构和储缆机构分离技术系统分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

翟庆光  聂杰  康岳伟 《海洋技术学报》2008,27(4)

简要介绍了深海调查绞车的技术发展状况,分析了牵引机构和储缆机构分离技术为基础的绞车的组成部分和其相应的功能,探讨了牵引卷筒、储缆卷筒和直角排缆器的液压传动系统和控制系统的基本工作原理,并对绞车储缆卷筒的自适应张力控制器做了简单的介绍。  相似文献   

晚更新世以来古气候与海平面变化在东海地区的响应   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张军强  唐璐璐  邹昊 《海洋湖沼通报》2008,(1):25-31

第四纪特别是晚更新世以来气温的大幅度冷暖变化,导致全球海平面的变化,引起陆架海侵和海退。东海陆架的气候和海平面变化与全球变化基本同步。晚更新世以来,东海陆架随全球气候变化发育多次海进海退旋回。东海陆架上的古河道、古三角洲和潮流沙脊等沉积体系的形成和演化与海平面升降变化存在耦合关系。  相似文献   

1994年江淮地区首次区域性春季暴雨诊断分析     

王亦平  徐良谋  王肖成 《成都信息工程学院学报》1996,(4)

分析了１９９４年４月１９～２０日春季暴雨主要是由对流层中低层低涡和地面静止锋共同作用的结果，侧重于对低空急流的形成与变动和熵平衡方程的诊断分析，能量场与该次暴雨有很好的相关性  相似文献   

IAG2001年科学大会与大地测量学的最新进展     

胡建国  杨元喜  李建成  李金岭 《大地测量与地球动力学》2002,22(4):112-119

扼要报导了国际大地测量学术界的一次重要会议－IAG2001年科学大会。根据会议的学术报告，对坐标系统的统一与协调，全球重力场研究，导航卫星的应用，地壳形变与地球动力学等方面的研究进展作了详细介绍。  相似文献   

THE CHARACTERISTIC AND CAUSE OF SEA WATER INTRUSION AND POLLUTION IN SOUTH LIAODONG PENINSULA     

刘庆书  许劲松  张万忠 《中国地理科学(英文版)》1993,3(4):334-347

Based on various patterns of groundwater and their abundance characters in south Liaodong Peninsula, the distribution, stage, pattern and characters of sea water intrusion in the serious sea water intrusion areas are analysed. The reasons to cause sea water intrusion are uneven precipitation, limited recharge of surface water, artificial overpumping, lithology and geological structure. It can provide scientific basis for reasonable utilization of limited water resource in line with the local conditions.  相似文献   

中国大陆东南边缘海现时地壳运动与地震动力学综合研究   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

周硕愚  吴云  施顺英  杨福平 《大地测量与地球动力学》2001,21(1):1-14

在东亚大陆动力学和西太平洋动力学背景下 ,定量研究中国大陆东南边缘海的现今区域地壳运动、动力学及地震危险性。基于 1994～ 1998年福建 -台北网、中国大陆网、台湾 -吕宋 (菲律宾 )网和东亚大陆及西太平洋的 IGS网等 4种不同空间尺度的 GPS测量结果 ,结合近 10 0年来的强震震源机制解、近 2 0余年来跨断层形变网、精密水准网、激光测距网及原地应力测量等结果 ,以及地球物理数值模拟与地质学成果 ,通过对多层次构造运动的分析、多学科结果的互验互补和整体综合研究 ,获得如下结果 :( 1)本研究区同时存在陆、海相互对进的两种地壳水平运动 :大陆东南沿海 11～ 12 mm/ a向东南、海洋对大陆 3mm/ a向西北以及台湾东海岸 53mm/ a向西北的运动 ;( 2 )台湾岛可能存在着以 2 4°N附近为其旋转轴的右旋运动 ;( 3) GPS和地形变测量求出现今区域应力场主压应力方向为 NW( NWW)向 ,与不同时间尺度的地震学和地质学结果一致 ;( 4 )观测与数值模拟共同证实 ,印度板块和菲律宾海板块对欧亚板块的联合动力作用是导致本区上述地壳运动的原因 ;前者导致的地壳运动速度比后者约大 4倍 ,但前者仅导致准均匀场 ,而后者则可产生变形局部化过程的非均匀场 ,从而为强震孕育提供动力 ;( 5)菲律宾海板块在台湾东侧对欧亚板块  相似文献