Integrating Cavity Absorption Meter measurements of dissolved substances and suspended particles in ocean water     

Robin M. Pope  Alan D. Weidemann  Edward S. Fry   《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2000,31(1-4)

We have developed a new device to measure the separate contributions to the spectral absorption coefficient due to a pure liquid, due to the particles suspended in it, and due to the substances dissolved in it. This device, the Integrating Cavity Absorption Meter (ICAM), is essentially independent of scattering effects in the sample. In April 1993, a prototype of the ICAM was field tested on board the research vessel USNS Bartlett. A major part of the cruise track included criss-crossing the area where the Mississippi flows into the Gulf of Mexico at various ranges from the mouth of the river; thus samples were collected from areas of blue, green, and brown/black water. We evaluated 35 seawater samples collected with 5-l Niskin bottles from 22 locations to determine absorption spectra (380–700 nm) of suspended particles and dissolved substances (gelbstoff). Results validate the ICAM as a viable tool for marine optical absorption research. Gelbstoff absorption at 432.5 nm ranged from 0.024 to 0.603 m⁻¹. Over the spectral region 380→560 nm, gelbstoff absorption by each of the samples could be accurately fit to a decaying exponential. The particle absorption spectra are generally characteristic of those of phytoplankton and exhibit a local maximum at 430–440 nm. Absorption values at 432.5 nm ranged from zero to 1.0 m⁻¹. Some samples with moderate particulate absorption, however, did not show the characteristic local maximum of phytoplankton in the blue and instead resembled the characteristic decaying exponential of detritus with a shape similar to that observed in the gelbstoff. The ratio of gelbstoff to particulate absorption at 432.5 nm ranged from 0.46 to 152.  相似文献   

烟台四十里湾海区栉孔扇贝同化率周年变化及其与环境的关系   总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4  

张涛  杨红生  王萍  何义朝  张福绥 《海洋与湖沼》2000,31(3):266-272

于１９９７年６月－１９９８年５月用现场方法测定了烟台四十里湾海区总颗粒物质（ＴＰＭ）、颗粒有机物（ＰＯＭ）现存量和栉孔扇贝同化率（ＡＥ）周年变化,并分析栉孔扇贝同化率与海区温度、盐度、ＴＰＭ和ＰＯＭ的关系。结果表明,（１）整个海区ＴＰＭ现存量秋季最高,其次为春季和冬季,夏季最低;海区ＰＯＭ含量变化不大,在１．３４－１．６５ｍｇ／Ｌ之间;栉孔扇贝同化率在春、夏、秋三了较高,冬季较低,其中在秋末冬初（  相似文献   

原子吸收光谱仪用于沉积物中锡分析的方法研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

于仁诚  宋秀贤  李钧  王琦  林强  周名江 《海洋与湖沼》2000,31(3):315-321

１９９４－１９９６年间,利用原子吸收光谱仪,对沉积物中有机锡和总锡的石墨炉原子吸收分析方法进行了优化,探讨了分析过程中的仪器条件和改进剂类型。优化后方法的检出限为 ２．４５μｇ／Ｌ（ＴＰＴ－锡）,特征浓度（相当于产生 １％净吸收或 ０．００４ ４吸光度的待测元素浓度）为４８２μｇ／Ｌ（ＴＰＴ－锡）。在这一条件下,采用盐酸酸化－正己烷萃取－氢氧化钠回洗－硝酸氧化的预处理方法,可以使沉积物样品中三苯基氯化锡（Ｔｒｉｐｈｅｎｙｌｔｉｎ, ＴＰＴ）的检出限达到４１ｎｇ／ｇ（ＴＰＴ－锡）,回收率为 １０６％。应用这一方法对野外模拟实验和黄岛电厂出水口的沉积物样品进行了分析,结果表明,这一方法能够满足对沉积物样品中锡进行分析的要求。  相似文献   

Organic and inorganic matter in Louisiana coastal waters: Vermilion, Atchafalaya, Terrebonne, Barataria, and Mississippi regions     

Schaeffer BA  Conmy RN  Aukamp J  Craven G  Ferer EJ 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(2):415-422

Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) spectral absorption, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration, and the particulate fraction of inorganic (PIM) and organic matter (POM) were measured in Louisiana coastal waters at Vermilion, Atchafalaya, Terrebonne, Barataria, and Mississippi River locations, in 2007-2008. The range of CDOM was 0.092 m⁻¹ at Barataria in June 2008 to 11.225 m⁻¹ at Mississippi in February 2008. An indicator of organic matter quality was predicted by the spectral slope of absorption coefficients from 350 to 412 nm which was between 0.0087 m⁻¹ at Mississippi in May 2008 and 0.0261 m⁻¹ at Barataria in June 2008. CDOM was the dominant component of light attenuation at Terrebonne and Barataria. Detritus and CDOM were the primary components of light attenuation at Vermilion, Atchafalaya, and Mississippi. DOC ranged between 65 and 1235 μM. PIM ranged between 1.1 and 426.3 mg L⁻¹ and POM was between 0.3 and 49.6 mg L⁻¹.  相似文献   

Water ice on outer solar system surfaces: Basic properties and radiation effects     

Raúl A. Baragiola   《Planetary and Space Science》2003,51(14-15):953

This paper reviews the properties of vapor-deposited water ice in connection with icy surfaces in the outer solar system. The emphasis is on knowledge gained during the last decade, and on the properties of the amorphous phase, especially those affected by the presence of microporosity. The paper discusses the role played by the properties of different phases of ice and the effect of irradiation on the icy surfaces of satellites in the outer solar system: sputtering, phase transformation, the production and trapping of molecular radiation products, and stress induced cracking. The understanding of how growth and irradiation processes affect the optical properties of ice will lead to extract better information from optical remote sensing than is possible today. It is argued that cracks in ice induced by stresses are the main reason causing low-temperature ices to be strongly scattering.  相似文献   

火焰原子吸收光谱法和电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定硫化矿中的银铜铅锌   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

胡健平  王日中  杜宝华  盛迪波  罗志翔 《岩矿测试》2018,37(4):388-395

过渡金属Cu、Co、Ni、Zn、Pb等及贵金属元素(铂族元素和Au、Ag)高度富集在硫化物中,尤其是富集在岩浆硫化物中,常形成具有工业开采价值的矿产,因而硫化物矿物具有重大的经济价值。而硫化物矿种类多,不同类型硫化物矿中Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn含量高低不同,有些被强酸分解不完全,产生沉淀,导致检测结果波动性较大、精密度偏低。本文针对含黄铁矿、铅和铜分别以方铅矿和黄铜矿形式存在的较难溶的硫化物矿,在矿样中先加盐酸加热除硫后,再用硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸三种强酸分解,以新配制的王水提取,使该类样品获得了理想的分解效果,特别是对银、铅含量较高的样品分解效果改善较显著。试液用火焰原子吸收光谱和电感耦合等离子体发射光谱都能准确测定Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn,两种方法的相对误差在±2.32%以内,测定值基本一致,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=12)均小于3.5%,四个元素的检出限均低于0.0090!g/m L,低于文献检出限。  相似文献   

三氯化铝浸取-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定水系沉积物中低含量的碳酸铁     

王娜  滕新华  吴彦涛  曾江萍  吴良英  陈枫 《岩矿测试》2015,34(2):229-233

传统的氯化铵浸取-重铬酸钾滴定法(邻二氮菲比色法)可有效分析试样中较高含量的碳酸铁(7.5%~80%),但试剂消耗量大、测定步骤冗长、分析误差相对较大,水系沉积物中碳酸铁含量较低,采用此方法分析时其他含铁矿物的干扰易引入测量误差。本研究采用三氯化铝水浴加热浸取,建立了火焰原子吸收光谱法(FAAS)测定水系沉积物中低含量碳酸铁(0.1%~6.0%)的分析方法。使用80 m L浓度为100g/L的三氯化铝溶液水浴加热60 min,可完全浸取试样中的碳酸铁;在标准曲线中加入与待测样品浓度相同的三氯化铝,有效地避免了浸取剂三氯化铝的基体干扰。碳酸铁的检出限为0.015μg/m L,精密度为2.3%~4.0%(n=12),加标回收率为95.0%~107.5%。沉积物中常见的含铁矿物(如赤铁矿和磁铁矿)对碳酸铁的测定干扰可忽略,磁黄铁矿的干扰可通过加入氯化汞消除。本法比传统化学分析方法的操作简便,准确度和精密度高,解决了其他含铁矿物的干扰问题。  相似文献   

硫脲络合-火焰原子吸收光谱法同时测定银精矿中的铜和银     

华明 《岩矿测试》2013,32(2):235-239

在高氯酸-硫脲介质中用原子吸收光谱法同时测定地质及选冶样品中银和铜已有文献报道;但在王水-硫脲介质中存在铜对银的测定干扰.本文采用盐酸-氢氟酸-硝酸-高氯酸四酸溶矿,王水提取、硫脲络合,用火焰原子吸收光谱法对银精矿中铜、银进行连续测定.通过筛选不同的样品消解方法,试验了硫脲介质浓度的影响,对共存元素的干扰进行消除.结果表明:四酸溶矿效果最好;通过加入过量的硫脲并控制其浓度在20 g/L以内,使溶液中银的白色沉淀与硫脲生成可溶的Ag[SC(NH2)2]3+配离子,消除了铜对银测定的干扰.该方法用于样品分析,相对标准偏差RSD(n =6)铜为1.20％～2.11％,银为0.61％ ～1.18％;加标回收率铜为96.5％ ～ 107.0％,银为97.3％ ～ 104.7％.测定值与碘量法、火试金法结果相符.本法具有简单、实用、成本低等优点,可满足银精矿选矿工艺生产的需要.  相似文献   

高频燃烧-红外吸收光谱法测定钼矿石和镍矿石中的高含量硫   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

王小松  陈曦  王小强  何沙白  杨光宇 《岩矿测试》2013,32(4):581-585

高频燃烧-红外吸收法用于分析矿石中低含量硫的测定结果较为准确,但对于高含量的硫,分析结果的准确度不高。本文采用高频燃烧-红外碳硫分析仪测定钼矿石和镍矿石中的高含量硫,选择纯铁屑和钨粒作助熔剂,高温燃烧分解样品,通过实验优化了样品称样量、助熔剂用量、仪器分析时间等测定条件。用国家标准物质进行验证,方法精密度(RSD,n=9)小于1%,加标回收率为96.0%～101.9%;与传统的硫酸钡重量法进行比对试验,测定值的相对误差小于2%。针对不同的矿石样品,研究了实际样品与标准物质的基体匹配问题,消除了基体效应的影响,对于钼矿石和镍矿石样品中含量在1%～35%范围内的硫,均能够准确测定,解决了钼矿石和镍矿石中高含量硫的快速、准确测定问题。  相似文献   

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定红土镍矿中的铅   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

王慧  刘烽  许玉宇  俞璐  吴骋  王国新 《岩矿测试》2012,31(3):434-437

样品用盐酸-硝酸溶解,氢氟酸挥发硅,高氯酸冒烟除去氢氟酸,然后以稀硝酸溶解可溶性盐类,火焰原子吸收光谱法测定红土镍矿中铅的含量。考察了不同的酸对样品的溶解效果,对介质酸度和共存元素干扰情况进行了实验。结果表明:盐酸-硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸可以将样品消解完全;5%以内的硝酸不影响铅的测定;100 mL体积内,100 mg铁、6 mg镍、1 mg铜、5 mg钙、2 mg锰、1 mg铬、1 mg钴、1 mg锌等共存元素对0.1 mg铅的测定不产生干扰。在选定的仪器工作参数下,Pb的检出限为0.044μg/mL,加标回收率为97%～106%,测定值与电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法结果一致。方法重复性好、准确度高,可满足准确测定红土镍矿中铅含量的分析要求。  相似文献