潮滩沉积环境与岩相对比研究   总被引：12，自引：1，他引：12  

王颖  朱大奎  曹桂云 《沉积学报》2003,21(4):539-546

潮滩沉积是海陆交互作用的产物,形成于海岸坡度平缓、有丰富的细粒泥沙供应,以潮流动力为主的低能海岸环境,尤以河-海作用活跃的边缘海环境最为发育。潮滩沉积以粉砂为主,由于涨落潮流往复循环,潮滩具有动力、沉积、地貌与生物群体的分带现象。因海平面涨落与波浪参与的扰动筛选,导致潮滩沉积中的粗粒沉积物含量及微地貌形态的变化。这些因素反映于潮滩沉积相中具有下列特点:粉砂与粘土质交互叠置的页状层理;原始沉积层自下向上,粒径组成逐渐变细;下部的粉砂质层具有波痕、鱼刺状或丘状的交错层理、透镜体与扰动结构,或潮水沟堆积的镶嵌沙体;上部淤泥质层中具有草根、龟裂、虫管与钙质填充物、泥砾、泥块等。将现代潮滩沉积与南京钟山北麓下三叠统的黄马青组砂页岩,以及海口马村的下更新统湛江组粘土、粉砂岩进行对比,据泥沙粒径、矿物组合与含量,盐度,特别是薄互层理,虫管与钙质填充,泥裂块,波痕与交错层理等多项对比,均具有极好的相似性,表明该两组岩层为古潮滩沉积。  相似文献   

Lateral tidal mixing in the Antarctic marginal seas     

Aike Beckmann  Adriene F. Pereira 《Ocean Dynamics》2003,53(1):21-26

Tidal mixing plays an important role in the modification of dense water masses around the Antarctic continent. In addition to the vertical (diapycnal) mixing in the near-bottom layers, lateral mixing can also be of relevance in some areas. A numerical tide simulation shows that lateral tidal mixing is not uniformly distributed along the shelf break. In particular, strong mixing occurs all along the Ross Sea and Southern Weddell Sea shelf breaks, while other regions (e.g., the western Weddell Sea) are relatively quiet. The latter regions correspond surprisingly well to areas where indications for cross-shelf exchange of dense water masses have been found. The results suggest that lateral tidal mixing may account for the relatively small contribution of Ross Sea dense water masses to Antarctic Bottom Water.  相似文献   

论构造耦合作用   总被引：17，自引：2，他引：17  

郭令智  朱文斌  马瑞士  孙岩  王锋 《大地构造与成矿学》2003,27(3):197-205

构造耦合作用是一种普遍存在的地质现象。现今东、西太平洋的构造差异及古太平洋和现今太平洋大陆边缘构造差异与俯冲的洋壳板块性状有关,即:①俯冲角度;②俯冲角度的改变;③俯冲速率;④俯冲速率的改变;⑤俯冲深度;⑥俯冲板块前缘与海沟间的水平距离;⑦俯冲板块在670km上、下地幔界线处的构造形态;⑧俯冲板块的位移及位移方向。这种深部构造活动对浅部构造形成的制约和影响,是活动大陆边缘构造耦合现象的具体表现。中国西北部的盆山耦合现象是大陆内部的构造耦合作用,印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞产生的远距离效应,导致中亚地区产生陆内A型俯冲,A型俯冲是造成盆地消亡、山系形成的重要因素。  相似文献   

GPS精密定位中的海潮位移改正   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

郑档  伍吉仓  王解先  顾国华 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2003,28(4):405-408,421

根据海洋负荷潮理论，利用NAO99b全球海潮模型，计算了中国部分IGS站的海潮位移改正，并将海潮位移改正应用到GPS数据处理当中。在GAMIT软件的解算过程中，分别按加入和不加入海潮位移改正，对GPS基线分量和测站坐标分别进行了计算和比较分析。结果表明，海潮位移改正无论是对GPS基线分量还是对测站坐标，都有一定的影响。  相似文献   

Wave-influenced deltas: geomorphological implications for facies reconstruction   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Janok P. Bhattacharya  Liviu Giosan† 《Sedimentology》2003,50(1):187-210

ABSTRACT A process‐based facies model for asymmetric wave‐influenced deltas predicts significant river‐borne muds with potentially lower quality reservoir facies in prodelta and downdrift areas, and better quality sand in updrift areas. Many ancient barrier‐lagoon systems and ‘offshore bars’ may be better reinterpreted as components of large‐scale asymmetric wave‐influenced deltaic systems. The proposed model is based on a re‐evaluation of several modern examples. An asymmetry index A is defined as the ratio between the net longshore transport rate at the mouth (in m³ year^?1) and river discharge (in 10⁶ m³ month^?1). Symmetry is favoured in deltas with an index below ≈ 200 (e.g. Tiber, lobes of the Godavari delta, Rosetta lobe of the Nile, Ebro), whereas deltas with a higher index are asymmetric (e.g. Danube – Sf. Gheorghe lobe, Brazos, Damietta lobe of the Nile). Periodic deflection of the river mouth for significant distances in the downdrift direction occurs in extreme cases of littoral drift dominance (e.g. Mahanadi), resulting in a series of randomly distributed, quasi‐parallel series of sand spits and channel fills. Asymmetric deltas show variable proportions of river‐, wave‐ and tide‐dominated facies both among and within their lobes. Bayhead deltas, lagoons and barrier islands form naturally in prograding asymmetric deltas and are not necessarily associated with transgressive systems. This complexity underlines the necessity of interpreting ancient depositional systems in a larger palaeogeographic context.  相似文献   

The tectonic regime in Italy inferred from borehole breakout data     

Maria Teresa Mariucci  Birgit Müller   《Tectonophysics》2003,361(1-2):21-35

In Italy, the horizontal stress directions are well constrained in many regions, but the tectonic regime is not well known because the stress magnitudes are unknown. Our intention is to improve the knowledge of crustal stress in Italy, both at shallow depth and in low seismicity areas. Therefore, we inferred the tectonic regime from the comparison between the depth of breakout occurrence and the physical properties of the rocks in 20 boreholes. The critical value of the maximum horizontal stress, for which the effective tangential stress at the borehole wall overcomes the rock strength to form breakouts, could be computed from rock strength and density. Comparing the theoretical stress distributions for different tectonic regimes with the depth distribution of breakout occurrence, it is possible to infer the tectonic regime that fits best to the breakout depth distribution. We investigated boreholes up to 6 km deep located in different tectonic environments over the Italian peninsula: the Po Plain, the Apenninic chain, the Adriatic foredeep and the Tyrrhenian Quaternary volcanic region. These wells are characterised by breakout data of good quality (A, B and C, according to World Stress Map quality ranking system). The results are in general agreement with the style of faulting derived from earthquake focal mechanisms and other stress indicators. Our results show a predominance of a normal faulting (NF) regime in the inner Apennines and both normal faulting and strike–slip faulting (SS) style in the surrounding regions, possibly also associated with changes in the tectonic regime with depth.  相似文献   

深层水泥土搅拌桩在基坑支护中的应用   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

颜恩锋  孙友宏  许振华  刘冬生 《岩土力学》2003,(Z1)

通过介绍水泥与土之间的一系列物理-化学反应,阐述了深层搅拌法加固地基土的原理[1]。结合室内试验及工程实例,介绍了深层水泥土搅拌桩重力式挡墙技术在基坑支护中的应用,对于基坑设计及施工有一定实际意义。  相似文献   

Crossover from Nonlinearity Controlled to Heterogeneity Controlled Mixing in Two-Phase Porous Media Flows     

Frederico Furtado  Felipe Pereira 《Computational Geosciences》2003,7(2):115-135

We use high resolution Monte Carlo simulations to study the dispersive mixing in two-phase, immiscible, porous media flow that results from the interaction of the nonlinearities in the flow equations with geologic heterogeneity. Our numerical experiments show that distinct dispersive regimes occur depending on the relative strength of nonlinearity and heterogeneity. In particular, for a given degree of multiscale heterogeneity, controlled by the Hurst exponent which characterizes the underlying stochastic model for the heterogeneity, linear and nonlinear flows are essentially identical in their degree of dispersion, if the heterogeneity is strong enough. As the heterogeneity weakens, the dispersion rates cross over from those of linear heterogeneous flows to those typical of nonlinear homogeneous flows.  相似文献   

抚顺城区段浑河断裂现今活动性研究的述评   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

孔繁强  卢月  卢良玉 《东北地震研究》2003,19(3):42-49

对以往关于抚顺城区段浑河断裂现今构造活动性的主要文献所采用的地壳形变测量资料及其结论的科学性作了述评，认为得出的抚顺城区段浑河断裂现今构造活动明显或不明显的结论尚缺乏充分的依据，提出了进一步研究该断裂现今构造活动性的建议与方法。  相似文献   

1966年以来华北地区一系列七级大震破裂过程的数值模拟   总被引：9，自引：5，他引：9       下载免费PDF全文

陈祖安  白武明  林邦慧  王新华  许国凯  张瑞清  黄为清 《地球物理学报》2003,46(3):373-381

用非连续变形分析方法(DDA+FEM)数值模拟，在华北地区各地块相互制约的块体系统环境中，地块边界断层上发生1966年邢台地震、 1969年渤海地震、 1975年海城地震、 1976年唐山地震等不同类型破裂模式大震的破裂过程. 数值模拟结果给出每个大震释放的主应力场，最大剪应力变化等值线图，地震前后位移变化矢量图，发震断层滑移随时间变化以及走滑错距和应力降等震源参数. 这些结果与地震的震源机制，用地震波资料研究得到的震源参数,宏观等震线,地表观测的水平位移矢量图基本一致. 其中1969年渤海地震正交破裂模式的结果与宏观等震线及小震分布图像更接近. 1976年唐山地震复杂震源模式与该震早期余震分布图像更相符. 表明用DDA+FEM方法进行数值模拟研究，能较好地模拟地震破裂过程.  相似文献