Method for assessing the chronic toxicity of marine and estuarine sediment-associated contaminants using the amphipod Corophium volutator     

Scarlett A  Rowland SJ  Canty M  Smith EL  Galloway TS 《Marine environmental research》2007,63(5):457-470

Acute sediment toxicity tests do not test key life stage events such as moulting and reproduction and therefore do not reveal the longer-term effects of contaminant exposure. A laboratory method is described for determining the chronic toxicity of contaminants associated with whole sediments. The test is conducted using neonates of the estuarine amphipod Corophium volutator at 15 degrees C, salinity 25 psu and a 12 h light:12 h dark photoperiod. The endpoints are survival and growth after 28 days and survival, growth and reproduction of amphipods upon termination of test i.e. reproduction within all control vessels (ca 75 days). The sediment chronic toxicity test was used to investigate the effects of sediments spiked with environmentally relevant preparations of slightly weathered Alaskan North Slope crude oil, including a water-accommodated-fraction (WAF) and a chemically-dispersed (Corexit 9527) WAF. Sediment oil concentrations were quantified using ultra-violet fluorescence. The amphipods exposed to chemically dispersed oil had higher mortality and lower growth rates than control-, Corexit 9527- and WAF-exposed organisms, resulting in reduced reproduction. The described method supplements the standard acute sediment test and would be particularly useful when long-term ecological effects are suspected but acute tests reveal no significant mortality. The sediment chronic test reported herein has shown that sediment that was not evidently toxic during 10-day acute tests could have population-level effects on sediment-dwelling amphipods.  相似文献   

Application of rotifer Brachionus plicatilis in detecting the toxicity of harmful algae     

YAN Tian  WANG Yunfeng  WANG Liping  CHEN Yang  HAN Gang  ZHOU Mingjiang 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2009,27(2)

The toxicity of seven major HAB (harmful algal bloom) species/strains, Prorocentrum donghaiense, Phaeocystis globosa, Prorocentrum micans, Alexandrium tamarense (AT-6, non-PSP producer), Alexandrium lusitanicum, Alexandrum tamarense (ATHK) and Heterosigma akashiwo were studied against rotifer Brachionus plicatilis under laboratory conditions. The results show that P. donghaiense, P. globosa, P. micans, A. tamarense (AT-6), or A. lusitanicum could maintain the individual survival and reproduction, as well as the population increase of the rotifer, but the individual reproduction would decrease when exposed to these five algae at higher densities for nine days; H. akashiwo could decrease the individual survival and reproduction, as well as population increase of the rotifer, which is similar to that of the starvation group, indicating that starvation might be its one lethal factor except for the algal toxins; A. tamarense (ATHK) has strong lethal effect on the rotifer with 48h LC50 at 800 cells/mL. The experiment on ingestion ability indicated by gut pigment change shows that P.donghaiense, P. globosa, P. micans, A. tamarense (AT-6) and A. lusitanicum can be taken by the rotifers as food, but A. tamarense (ATHK) or H. akashiwo can be ingested by the rotifers. The results indicate that all the indexes of individual survival and reproduction, population increase, gut pigment change of the rotifers are good and convenient to be used to reflect the toxicities of HAB species. Therefore, rotifer is suggested as one of the toxicity testing organisms in detecting the toxicity of harmful algae.  相似文献   

亚致死剂量铜对文昌鱼和玫瑰无须钯的组织病理学影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

韩莉  郭斌  Haimanti.  Bhattacharya 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2008,38(1):95-102,22

采用半静水实验法测试研究了重金属Cu^2＋对文昌鱼（Branchiostoma belcher）和玫瑰无须喜巴（Puntius conchonius）的急性致死毒性和亚急性毒性。实验结果表明，Cu^2＋对文昌鱼和玫瑰无须喜巴24，48，72，96h的半致死浓度分别为0．561，0．373，0．261，0．211mg／L及0．976，0．783，0．562，0．473mg／L，其安全质量浓度分别为0．021和0．047mg／L。亚急性毒性实验中，文昌鱼和玫瑰无须喜巴分别用浓度为20％和30％的96h LC50的Cu^2＋处理。不同器官的组织病理学观察结果表明，过量Cu^2＋对玫瑰无须喜巴的鳃、肝脏、肾脏等器官产生毒害，对文昌鱼鳃和肝盲囊细胞也产生了严重的毒害，表现为细胞空泡化等明显的结构破坏。实验结果显示文昌鱼的肝盲囊和脊椎动物的肝脏一样，也是受过量铜显著毒害的主要靶器官器官。因此，文昌鱼的肝盲囊至少在经受过量Cu^2＋毒害方面与脊椎动物肝脏具有相似性，从生理功能方面为类文昌鱼祖先的盲囊（digestive caecum）是脊椎动物肝脏的前体这一假说提供了资料。  相似文献   

Tolerance of ciliated protozoan Paramecium bursaria （Protozoa,Ciliophora） to ammonia and nitrites     

许恒龙  宋微波路璐 WARRENAlan 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2005,23(3):349-353

The tolerance to ammonia and nitrites in freshwater ciliate Paramecium bursaria was measured in a conventional open system. The ciliate was exposed to different concentrations of ammonia and nitrites for 2h and 12h in order to determine the lethal concentrations. Linear regression analysis revealed that the 2h-LC50 value for ammonia was 95.94 mg/L and for nitrite 27.35 mg/L using probit scale method (with 95% confidence intervals). There was a linear correlation between the mortality probit scale and logarithmic concentration of ammonia which fit by a regression equation y=7.32x-9.51 (R^2=0.98; y, mortality probit scale; x, logarithmic concentration of ammonia), by which 2 h-LC50 value for ammonia was found to be 95.50 mg/L. A linear correlation between mortality probit scales and logarithmic concentration of nitrite is also followed the regression equation y=2.86x 0.89 (R^2=0.95; y, mortality probit scale; x, logarithmic concentration of nitrite). The regression analysis of toxicity curves showed that the linear correlation between exposed time of ammonia-N LC50 valueand ammonia-N LC50 value followed the regression equation y=2 862.85e-0.08x (R^2=0.95; y, duration of exposure to LC50 value; x, LC50 value), and that between exposed time of nitrite-N LC50 value and nitrite-N LC50 value followed the regression equation y = 127.15e-0.13x (R^2=0.91; y, exposed time of LC50 value; x, LC50 value). The results demonstrate that the tolerance to ammonia in P. bursaria is considerably higher than that of the larvae or juveniles of some metozoa, e.g. cultured prawns and oysters. In addition, ciliates, as bacterial predators, are likely to play a positive role in maintaining and improving water quality in aquatic environments with high-level ammonium, such as sewage treatment systems.  相似文献   

Toxicity and Accumulation of Selenite in Four Microalgae     

王大志  程兆第  李少菁  高亚辉 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2003,21(3):280-285

The toxicity and bioaccumulation of selenite in four microalgae, Spirulina platensis,Dunaliella salina, DunalieUa bardawill and Phaeodactylum tricornutum cultured in the presence of selenite were investigated. Lower concentrations of selenite were generally nontoxic and frequently stimulated algal growth, while higher concentrations of selenite inhibited algal growth. Selenite was more toxic to D. salina and D. bardawill than to S. platensis and P. tricornutum. All algae cultured in selenite were able to incorporate Se to different degrees, which depended on algal species. The distributions of selenite among intracellular macromolecular compounds were different among algal species : most of the selenite was associated with proteins in S. platensis, D. salina and D. bardawill, while most of the selenite was associated with lipids in P. tricornutum, which reflected the physiological differences among the algae. These observations suggest that algae are able to accumulate selenite and bind it with intracell~ar macromolecular compounds when exposed to high concentration of selenite. This may represent a form of storage or detoxification of selenite by the algae.  相似文献   

重金属胁迫对海洋贝类毒性研究进展     

马建新  张宜奎  宋秀凯  刘爱英  任利华  王文杰 《海洋湖沼通报》2011,(2):35-42

本文综述了重金属对海洋贝类的急性毒性、细胞分子毒性及遗传毒性,探讨了利用海洋贝类监测海洋环境质量的可行性以及利用抗氧化酶作为指示重金属污染程度标志物的发展前景.  相似文献   

不同pH和盐度下氨氮对方斑东风螺的毒性研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

师尚丽  冯奕成  郑莲  黄翔鹄  罗杰  蔡佳 《广东海洋大学学报》2005,25(6):36-40

在不同海水盐度和pH的条件下进行了氨氮对日龄30 d的方斑东风螺(Babylonia areolata)的急性毒性试验。结果表明:海水盐度和pH对氨氮的毒性有较大的影响,水温为29~30℃条件下,当盐度为18、23、28时,氨氮对方斑东风螺的安全浓度分别为9.39、10.401、1.97 mg/L,盐度越低氨氮毒性越强;当pH为6.5、7.5、8.5时,氨氮对方斑东风螺的安全浓度分别为18.500、14.080、10.200 mg/L,pH值越高氨氮毒性越强。  相似文献   

4种重金属离子及其混合液对壶状臂尾轮虫的急性毒性试验   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

张才学  郑文凯  林玉凤  袁永春 《广东海洋大学学报》2005,25(1):56-59

研究了铜、锌、镉、铅离子及其混合液对壶状臂尾轮虫(Brachionusurceus)的急性毒性影响,实验结果表明,Cu2+、Zn2+、Cd2+、Pb2+对壶状臂尾轮虫的24hLC50分别为83 .18μg/L、4 .27mg/L、7. 60mg/L、23 44mg/L,将4种离子按照质量比120∶20∶6∶1的比例配成混合金属溶液,其混合液对壶状臂尾轮虫的24hLC50为0 42mg/L。  相似文献   

Integrative assessment of coastal pollution: Development and evaluation of sediment quality criteria from chemical contamination and ecotoxicological data   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Juan Bellas  Óscar NietoRicardo Beiras 《Continental Shelf Research》2011,31(5):448-456

Elutriate embryo-larval bioassays with sea-urchins (Paracentrotus lividus) were conducted concurrently with chemical analyses of sediments and biota as part of an integrative assessment of pollution in highly productive coastal regions. High metal contents and organic compounds in sediments and mussels were found in localised areas from the inner part of the estuaries indicating a clear anthropogenic influence. In particular, average maximum concentrations of 2803 mg Cu/kg dw, 776 mg Pb/kg dw, 2.5 mg Hg/kg dw and 5803 μg ∑₇PAHs/kg dw were measured in sediments from the most polluted sites. Significant correlations were observed between sediment chemistry and toxicity bioassays. Moreover, the Mantel test revealed a significant correlation (r_M=0.80; p<0.01) between sediment pollutant concentrations and toxicity data profiles. In addition, sediment quality criteria were used to help in the ecological interpretation of sediment chemistry data and to identify pollutants of concern. The toxicity bioassays identified polluted sites and quantified the level of toxicity, providing a cost-effective tool to complement the routine chemical monitoring currently conducted in European coastal waters with ecologically relevant information. This is in line with the recent European legislation that advocates the use of biological tools with the ultimate aim of protecting marine resources from anthropogenic substances that will affect their sensitive early life stages.  相似文献   

石斑鱼及暂养环境中副溶血弧菌分离鉴定与毒力评价   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

高磊  邓益琴  刘助红  龙云映  陈偿 《海洋与湖沼》2014,45(6):1280-1287

副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus,VP)存在于海洋环境和海产品中,可引起人的食物中毒。本研究的目的是对某地石斑鱼暂养环境的副溶血弧菌的致病风险进行评价。结合弧菌选择性培养基TCBS、gyr B基因和16Sr RNA特定片段的序列分析方法对分离菌株进行鉴定;通过PCR检测毒力基因,血琼脂平板溶血实验、细胞感染实验、KM鼠灌胃实验分别检测各菌株的致病性、溶血性、细胞毒性与肠毒性。共鉴定出4株具有毒力的副溶血弧菌,分别为HS51-5、HS54-4、MJ01-1和MJ03-1。所有菌株都检测到溶血素基因(tdh和tlh)、三型分泌系统(T3SS)基因簇1(T3SS-1)的4个效应蛋白基因(vop Q、vop R、vop S和vpa0450)、和基因簇2(T3SS-2)的1个效应蛋白基因(Vop A)的分布,同时在HS51-5和HS54-4还检测到T3SS-2中的其他3个效应蛋白基因(vop C、vop T和vop L)。所有菌株都具有溶血现象、细胞毒性以及对小鼠的致死能力,而HS54-4、MJ01-1、MJ03-1对小鼠的毒力明显强于HS51-5。因此,从毒力基因检测、神奈川溶血、细胞毒性和对小鼠的毒力等4个方面的结果都表明副溶血弧菌具有致病性,说明石斑鱼暂养环境的副溶血弧菌具有致病风险,应加强对这些环境的监测。  相似文献