资料同化在空气质量预报中的应用   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

白晓平  李红  方栋  胡非  王芬娟 《地球科学进展》2007,22(1):66-73

随着数值模式的不断完善和观测技术的不断提高，资料同化逐渐成为能够进一步提高数值预报水平的一种有效方法。20世纪70年代，资料同化开始引入空气质量预报领域，成为当前大气环境科学研究的一个新方向。简要介绍了资料同化的含义，较详细地介绍了Kalman滤波法、四维变分同化法、牛顿松弛法的基本思想和优缺点，重点阐述了国内外资料同化在空气质量预报中的研究应用情况，最后指出资料同化应用于空气质量预报时存在的问题和今后的研究方向。  相似文献   

Models for obtaining daily global solar irradiation from air temperature data   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

M. Paulescu  L. Fara  E. Tulcan-Paulescu 《Atmospheric Research》2006,79(3-4):227-240

The study presents a critical assessment of the possibility of global solar irradiation computation by using air temperature instead of sunshine duration with the classical Ångström equations. The reason for this approach comes from the fact that, although the air temperature is a worldwide measured meteorological parameter, this is rarely used in solar radiation estimation techniques. More than that, the literature is very silent concerning the testing of such models in Eastern Europe. Two new global solar irradiation models (to be called AEAT) related to solar irradiation under clear sky conditions and having the minimum and maximum daily air temperature as input parameters were tested and compared with others from the literature against data measured at five stations in Romania in the year 2000. The accuracy of AEAT is acceptable and comparable to that of the models which use sunshine duration or cloud amount as input parameters. Since temperature-based Ångström correlations are strongly sensitive to origin, the approach for AEAT as a tool for potential users is presented in detail. Additionally reported is a new method to increase the generality of AEAT concerning the extension of the geographical application area. Based on overall results it was concluded that air temperature successfully substitutes sunshine duration in the estimation of the available solar energy.  相似文献   

Aerosol properties and air pollutants over an urban area   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Sonoyo Mukai  Itaru Sano  Mutsumi Satoh  Brent N. Holben 《Atmospheric Research》2006,82(3-4):643

For a better understanding of urban aerosols, sun/sky photometry has been undertaken at the Kinki University campus in Higashi-Osaka as a NASA/AERONET station since 2002. A new instrument, the SPM-613D (Kimoto Electric), has been taking measurements at the same site since March 15, 2004. The relationship between aerosol properties obtained from radiometry with AERONET and the SPM measurements is examined. It is found that there is a linear correlation between SPM concentrations and aerosol properties, which indicates that aerosol characteristics can be estimated from SPM data, and vice versa.It is also shown that the air quality of the Higashi-Osaka site is poor due to not only the anthropogenic particles by local emissions, such as diesel vehicles and chemical industries, but also due to the dust particles coming from continental desert areas by large scale climatic conditions.  相似文献   

银川市空气质量超标的天气形势分析   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

刘玉兰  肖云清 《气象科学》2003,23(4):460-466

利用银川市环境监测站5a的污染物浓度资料及对应的天气图，分析了银川市空气质量超标的特征和天气形势。结果表明：银川市空气质量超标主要出现在冬半年，10月～1月SO2超标多于TSP，2月～6月TSP超标多于SO2；造成银川市空气质量超标的天气形势有西北气流型、冷空气穿脊东移型、冷槽东移型、纬向气流型、西南气流型五种。分析2002年10月～2002年12月期间的天气形势，得出的SO2、PM10超标日，对比用CAPPS数值预报模式作出的SO2、PM10超标日，SO2超的漏报率降低了20％，PM10超标的漏报率降低了18％。  相似文献   

A Multiple-Cell Flat-Level Model for Atmospheric Tracer Dispersion over Complex Terrain     

Jian-Guo Li 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2003,107(2):289-322

A multiple-cell flat-level tracer dispersion model is developed for atmospheric pollution study. The horizontal domain may be constructed with multiple-sized cells for varied resolution. The sequence of cells is arbitrary, as in unstructured grids, as long as no holes are left in the horizontal domain, which may be tailored in shape according to local orography. The vertical levels are truly flat and the level spacing may vary from level to level. The surface orography is included by removing cells from the bottom of the three-dimensional cell block. The arrangement of wind velocity and tracer concentration is similar to the Arakawa C grid. Advection and horizontal diffusion are formulated on each cell face, using tracer concentrations in the two cells that share the cell face. Pointer-orientated numerical loops are used to facilitate the arbitrary horizontal cell arrangement and orographic variation of vertical levels. A second-order upstream upper limiter advection scheme is developed for this model and numerically tested to be positive-definite and mass conserving. Vertical diffusion is solved with an implicit scheme and simplified vertical diffusivity, which is parameterised as a function of the mixing layer depth. The model is fast, compact, easy to implement and highly portable. It is suitable for studies ofmesoscale and small-scale atmospheric tracer dispersion over complex terrain, including steep slopes. The model is used to simulate traffic pollution in London, UK, and is compared with available observations.  相似文献   

High resolution provenancing of long travelled dust deposited on the Southern Alps, New Zealand     

Hamish A. McGowan  Balz Kamber  Grant H. McTainsh  Samuel K. Marx 《Geomorphology》2005,69(1-4):208-221

On 7 February 2000 an atypical orange discolouration of snowfields in the central Southern Alps, New Zealand occurred following the passage of a cold front. Analysis of snow samples identified fine orangey-brown dust mixed with much coarser grey dust. Air parcel forward trajectories from dust sources in southern and central Australia, where dust storms were reported on 4 February 2000, were computed to identify the deposits source. Geochemical analyses of the dust deposit using 26 trace elements, unaffected by regional air pollution and gravitational sorting, indicate that 20% of the dust was sourced from western New South Wales, with 45% from the eastern Eyre Peninsula of South Australia and the remaining 35% was local New Zealand dust. This provenancing approach provides a spatial resolution of long travelled dust sourcing not previously achieved.  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯沙区飞播杨柴固沙技术的研究   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  

康世勇  李志忠 《中国沙漠》1998,18(1):57-63

通过对鄂尔多斯沙区飞播杨柴固沙技术的研究与实践,总结了一套行之有效的飞播技术以及飞播植被管理和利用的措施。结果是：①鄂尔多斯沙区飞播杨柴固沙技术是选择适宜的沙地类型;确定适宜与杨柴混播植物及播量是,杨柴６．７５ｋｇ／ｈｍ２＋籽蒿３．０ｋｇ／ｈｍ２＋沙打旺（草木栖）１．５ｋｇ／ｈｍ２,适宜播期是５月下旬至６月上中旬。②播后管理措施是及时防治鼠、兔、虫、病害,播区围封管护,对杨柴幼苗设置防蚀沙障,幼苗、根蘖苗移稠补稀,适时平茬更新。③飞播杨柴植被合理利用是选择缓起伏沙地建立采种地,作为打草场一年刈割１次为宜,杨柴枝叶加工后是舍饲家畜的饲料,播区植被盖度６０％时,可在冬春季放牧利用。  相似文献   

The Kwinana Coastal Fumigation Study: I – Program Overview, Experimental Design and Selected Results     

B. L. Sawford  A. K. Luhar  J. M. Hacker  S. A. Young  I. -H. Yoon  J. A. Noonan  J. N. Carras  D. J. Williams  K. N. Rayner 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1998,89(3):359-384

Fumigation under sea-breeze conditions is a major feature of the air pollution meteorology in the coastal industrial region of Kwinana, south of Perth in Western Australia. An intensive field experiment on fumigation was carried out in the region in early 1995 with the objective of using the measured data to develop and test a shoreline fumigation model. Fumigation of plumes from the Kwinana Power Station was studied using an instrumented research aircraft, radiosonde balloons, meteorological stations, a lidar, a mobile surface sampler, and sonic anemometers. The study has yielded a detailed and high quality data set as a result of both the range of observations undertaken and of the regularity of the sea-breeze conditions under scrutiny. The details of the experiment are summarised in this paper and some typical results are presented.  相似文献   

Diurnal Variation of Meteorological Parameters in the Land Surface Interface     

J.S. Pillai 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1998,89(2):197-209

A pilot land surface processes experiment was conducted at Anand, Gujarat, situated in the western part of India, from April to July 1995. The diurnal variation of air and soil temperature with respect to solar radiation was studied in two selected periods, one in summer and the other during monsoon. It was observed that during summer, there was a considerable lag in the temperature maxima with respect to solar radiation, as compared to the monsoon period. Also, in summer, when there was an increase in wind speed from near zero values in the early morning hours, the soil surface as well as the air temperature minima were raised.  相似文献   

海底火山喷发引发厄尔尼诺事件的数值模拟   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8       下载免费PDF全文

刘厚赞  刘辉  俞永强 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1998,56(5):602-610

在东北太平洋海底火山实际位置,模仿实际火山喷发所产生的地热通量,对ＩＡＰ海－气耦合模式进行了强迫作用下积分试验。积分结果表明：海底火山溢流所产生的热能通过海洋对流影响表层海温,深层扩散极少;模拟出类似１９８６～１９８７年和１９９１～１９９２年厄尔尼诺事件形成发展的全过程。  相似文献