生物农药的开发利用综述     

韩雪冬  谭井坤  李志忠  马丽  李钟模 《化工矿产地质》2002,24(4):248-250

化学农药的使用带来了致使人畜直接中毒、环境污染等许多问题。由于长期使用某些化学农药,使害虫产生了抗药性。针对化学农药的种种弊端,国内外已研制出一系列选择性强、效率高、成本低、不污染环境、对人畜无害的生物衣药。广义的生物农药包括微生物农药(细菌、真菌、病毒)以及生物工程植物两大类。当前生物农药的开发和使用仍处于起步阶段,但其发展前景十分美好。  相似文献   

海洋红树林植物卤蕨内生真菌Cladosporium perangustum MA-318中一个新的链烯酸酐衍生物methylate cordyanhydride A     

李衍荷  李晓明  徐蕊  李洪雷  王斌贵 《海洋科学》2017,41(9):110-113

从采自海南东寨港的红树林卤蕨(Acrostichum aureum Linn.)中分离得到的一株内生真菌Cladosporium perangustum MA-318,对其次级代谢产物进行了研究。利用反相硅胶柱层析、正相硅胶柱层析以及葡聚糖凝胶Sephadex LH-20柱层析等分离手段获得一个单体化合物。通过波谱数据分析(HRESIMS、1D NMR、2D NMR)鉴定该化合物为新的链烯酸酐,其结构为methyl(E)-3-(4-(2-((4-(but-1-en-1-yl)-2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-yl)methyl)butyl)-2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-yl)propanoate,命名为methylate cordyanhydride A。抗菌实验表明该化合物对藤黄微球菌(Micrococcus luteus)表现出一定的抑制作用。  相似文献   

基于实验的黑木耳气象服务指标研究          下载免费PDF全文

吴虑  左晋  周尚春  舒子倩  李舒颖  石宇 《中低纬山地气象》2023,47(5):109-114

【目的】黑木耳作为剑河县发展战略和特色农业,木耳的产量、质量与本县经济发展息息相关,本文旨在研究出剑河县黑木耳高产的气象条件指标及灾害性天气指标,以期为剑河县黑木耳的产业发展提供科学的气候依据。【方法】以黑木耳为试材,在剑河县气象局内建立黑木耳微型模拟观测站,本文分析数据主要源于实验过程中木耳生育期、产量、同期气象要素值等资料。【结论】当平均温度在13.2～17.1℃间,气温越高,耳芽生长周期越短,林下温差刺激、光照刺激较坝区小,出芽率低于坝区,但林下耳片质量更好。木耳最适宜生长温度条件为：气温22.0～22.5℃,草温24.4～31.1℃;适宜湿度条件：相对湿度＞70%。当日最高气温＞32.1℃、相对湿度≥69%,会产生高温灾害,易造成木耳流耳,气温日较差越小,流耳情况越严重;生长环境温度低于10℃时,抑制耳片生长。  相似文献   

An assessment of Yarsagumba (Ophiocordyceps sinensis) collection in Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve,Nepal     

BarnaBahadur THAPA  Saroj PANTHI  Rajesh KumarRAI  UttamBabu SHRESTHA  Achyut ARYAL  Sabina SHRESTHA  Bhushan SHRESTHA 《山地科学学报》2014,11(2):555-562

Yarsagumba （Ophiocordyceps sinensis）, an endemic species to the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau, is one of the most valuable medicinal mushrooms in the world. In Nepal, it is distributed largely in isolated patches of alpine grasslands of 3,000-5,000 m elevation. Although it is reported from 27 northernmost districts of Nepal, the local distribution pattern of this species is largely unknown. Furthermore, the collection system and local management regime of this species are not well documented. We conducted a field survey at Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve （DHR） among the different stakeholders in January-June 2012 to assess collection sites, patterns and trends and to understand the management regime. We estimated that about 75 kg of Yarsagumba is collected every year from DHR and the amount has been declining since 2008. To manage the resource, locals have initiated regulating the collection by issuing permits, taxing to the collectors, and monitoring the activities of harvesters with the help of park authorities. The revenue generated at local level from the permits has been used for community developmental activities.  相似文献   

Chasing Chinese Caterpillar Fungus (Ophiocordyceps sinensis) Harvesters in the Himalayas: Harvesting Practice and Its Conservation Implications in Western Nepal     

Uttam Babu Shrestha  Sujata Shrestha  Shivaraj Ghimire  Kamal Nepali  Bharat Babu Shrestha 《社会与自然资源》2014,27(12):1242-1256

The Chinese caterpillar fungus is famous for its high market value, unusual life history, and significant medicinal uses. It is harvested by very poor communities and sold for an extraordinarily high price. Most of the studies on this species are focused on therapeutic uses, chemical analyses, ecology, and trade. However, harvesting techniques and intensity of the harvests remain undocumented. We document harvesting techniques, trends of harvest, and perceptions of the Chinese caterpillar fungus harvesters in Dolpa, Nepal, based on surveys, focus-group discussions, and direct observations. Along with increasing market value, intensity of the harvest has been increasing. The Chinese caterpillar fungus harvest has now become the second most important livelihood strategy for the local communities, after agriculture. Reported per-capita harvest based on the first day of collection has declined over the last 4 years, apparently because of the decline in the stock and the increasing number of harvesters.  相似文献   

海洋红藻多管藻内生真菌EN-22 的化学成分研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

赵婷婷  李晓明  李景梅  李可  崔传明  李春顺  王斌贵 《海洋科学》2009,33(7):81-86

对采自广西涠州岛近海多管藻(Poiysiphonia urceolata)分离到的一株内生真菌EN-22的次生代谢产物的化学成分进行了研究.利用正相硅胶柱层析、葡聚糖凝胶Sephadex LH-20柱层析、制备薄层层析(PTLC)以及重结晶等分离手段从该菌发酵液中分离得到15个化合物,通过一维、二维核磁共振技术、质谱技术等鉴定了所有化合物的结构,分别为:4-(4-喹啉)-4-羟基-2-丁酮(1),3-羟基-3-(2-氧丙基)吲哚-2-酮(2),3-吲哚乙醇(3),3-吲哚甲酸(4),2-羟基-3-吲哚丙酸(5),2-酮-3-吲哚乙醇(6),3,3-二吲哚-2-羟基-丙醇(7),β-咔啉(8),尿嘧啶(9),环-(S-脯氨酸-S-异亮氨酸)(10),(22E,24R)-3β,5α,9α-三羟基麦角甾-7,22-二烯-6-酮(11),(22E,24R)-5α,6α-环氧麦角甾-8,22-二烯-3β,7α-二醇(12),5α,6α-环氧-24(R)-甲基胆甾-7,22-二烯-3β-醇(13),胡萝卜苷(14),过氧化麦角甾醇(15);其中化合物1和2为新天然产物,并首次报道化合物1的碳谱数据.  相似文献