Large-Scale and Mesoscale Distribution of Plankton Biomass and Metabolic Activity in the Northeastern Central Atlantic     

Santiago Hernández-León  Lutz Postel  Javier Arístegui  May Gómez  María Fernanda Montero  Santiago Torres  Carlos Almeida  Eugen Kühner  Ullrich Brenning  Eberhard Hagen 《Journal of Oceanography》1999,55(4):471-482

Plankton biomass and indices of metabolism and growth [electron transport system (ETS), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and aspartate transcarbamylase (ATC) activities] were studied over a 2,800 km east-west section of the tropical North Atlantic Ocean (21°N) in <200, 200–500 and >;500 µm size classes. On the large-scale, zooplankton (>;200 µm) enzymatic activities increased westward in the study section, where large cyanobacteria chains (Trichodesmium spp.) were observed. Parallel to it, an increase in medium calanoids (1–2 mm length) was observed towards the western part of the transect, whereas small calanoids (<1 mm) were dominant throughout the boundary area of the subtropical gyre. Microplankton ETS and mesoplankton ETS and ATC activities seemed to match the wave length of low frequency waves. Our results suggest that such waves are related to the observed enhancement of metabolic activity of micro- and mesoplankton. The large-scale and mesoscale variability observed give evidence of the inadequacy of assuming a steady-state picture of the euphotic zone of tropical and subtropical waters.  相似文献   

Biodegradation and Co‐Metabolism of Monochlorophenols and 2,4‐Dichlorophenol by Microbial Consortium     

《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2017,45(9)

  相似文献   

贻贝对麻痹性贝类毒素的蓄积代谢研究进展     

范礼强  郑关超  吴海燕  郭萌萌  卢霞  李玉  谭志军 《海洋科学》2021,45(4):201-212

麻痹性贝类毒素（paralytic shellfish toxins,PSTs）能够导致贝类、鱼类等海洋生物染毒或死亡,危害海洋生态安全及人类健康。其中,贻贝具有强蓄积性特点,在国外可作为PSTs的指示性生物。近年来,我国因食用贻贝造成多起PSTs中毒事件成为安全关注重点,因此急需弄清其风险形成机理。本文通过综述我国近海贻贝等贝类中PSTs的风险程度、贻贝对不同产毒藻来源的PSTs的蓄积作用,分析环境因子对于蓄积代谢的影响,深入挖掘贻贝蓄积代谢特异性。进而聚焦贻贝代谢阶段的表达调控过程、影响因素、转化作用及方式等。未来应侧重于摸清我国目标区域贻贝等海洋贝类中PSTs基础风险规律和变化过程,并据此建立区域性PSTs风险防控技术,提高我国贻贝中PSTs风险的主动防控能力,对于保障消费者健康和海洋生态安全具有积极意义。  相似文献   

Konzentrationsprofile in Rotationsscheibenreaktoren und deren Modellierung am Beispiel des anaeroben Acetatabbaus mit experimenteller Überprüfung     

T. Breithaupt  U. Wiesmann 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1998,26(5):288-295

Concentration Profiles in Rotating Disc Reactors. Their Mathematical Model for the Anaerobic Digestion of Acetic Acid Including an Experimental Verification This paper presents rotating disc reactors for aerobic and anaerobic wastewater treatment. Unlike the activated sludge or contact processes, this reactor allows higher concentrations of biomass and lesser danger of the reactor becoming blocked. The reduced backmixing within the reactor leads to axial concentration profiles when continuously operated. These are presented for various biological processes. The axial concentration profiles generated during the continuous anaerobic degradation of acetic acid are measured and described by a mathematical model. A refined dispersion model is created on the basis of tracer experiments taking into account the actual construction of the reactor as well as the physical conditions in it. To determine the biodegradation a Haldane kinetics is used, in which the undissociated acetic acid is the substrate. The model takes into consideration all the local parameters (pH value, concentration of acetic acid, biomass, and ion activity). The difficult measurement of the concentration of the active biomass which is immobilized on the disk is accomplished by carrying out batch experiments. The results of the experiments are 22 concentration profiles with influent DOC concentrations from 200 to 2000 mg L^–1 which were measured and modelled. Some examples are shown to illustrate the influence of the ion activity and the refinement of the dispersion model.  相似文献   

基于新陈代谢的PGM(1,1)模型在建筑物变形监测中的应用     

杨磊  刘永义 《测绘与空间地理信息》2016,(7):222-224

针对目前灰色理论模型在变形监测中的应用,本文分析了PGM(1,1)模型中的参数及其求解的方法;对于建模时前期观测值对后期预测值的影响,引入新陈代谢理论,通过整体最小二乘求解得到模型的背景值。结合高层建筑物沉降监测的实例进行计算分析,结果表明,基于新陈代谢的PGM(1,1)模型相比于传统的GM(1,1)模型,在建筑物沉降预测方面具有较好的效果。  相似文献   

Utilizing in vivo nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to study sublethal stress in aquatic organisms     

Viant MR  Pincetich CA  Walton JH  Tjeerdema RS  Hinton DE 《Marine environmental research》2002,54(3-5):553-557

In vivo nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) is a powerful technique for characterizing the sublethal actions of physical and chemical stressors in live, intact organisms. In particular, 31P NMR is ideal for observing perturbations to cellular energetics since critical metabolite concentrations, including phosphagens, ATP and inorganic phosphate (Pi), can be measured non-invasively and in real time. This technique's versatility is demonstrated not only in the diversity of organisms that can be studied, but also in its broad-ranging applicability to environmental research. Illustrative studies include the actions of copper in adult red abalone (Haliotis rufescens) and changes in energetically important metabolites in developing medaka embryos (Oryzias latipes). Advantages and disadvantages of in vivo NMR will be discussed.  相似文献   

Polychlorobiphenyl and pesticide residues in monkfish Lophius piscatorius and black scabbard Aphanopus carbo from the Rockall Trough     

Mormede  Sophie; Davies  Ian M. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2001,58(3):725-736

  相似文献   

饲料中维生素B₆对皱纹盘鲍幼鲍蛋白质代谢的影响   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

冯秀妮  张文兵  麦康森  付京花  艾庆辉  徐玮  刘付志国  马洪明  谭北平 《海洋科学》2006,30(10):52-60

以皱纹盘鲍(Haliotis discus hannaiIno)幼鲍为研究对象,探讨维生素B6对其蛋白质代谢的影响。设计了3种维生素B6不同含量(0,40,4 000 mg/kg)的半精制饲料,在循环水养殖系统中养殖幼鲍240 d。结果表明,皱纹盘鲍内脏团和肌肉中磷酸吡哆醛(PLP)的含量随饲料中维生素B6的添加而显著升高(P<0.05)。饲料中不同维生素B6水平对肌肉组织中蛋白含量没有显著影响(P>0.05),而显著升高内脏团中蛋白质的含量(P<0.05)。内脏团和肌肉中的谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和谷草转氨酶(AST)活力随着饲料中维生素B6添加量的升高而显著增强,分别在维生素B6的添加量为4 000 mg/kg时取得最大值(P<0.05)。内脏团中所检测的各种氨基酸的含量与饲料中维生素B6添加量没有显著影响(P>0.05)。然而,肌肉中的天冬氨酸(Asp)、苏氨酸(Thr)、丝氨酸(Ser)、牛磺酸(Tau)的含量随着饲料中维生素B6添加量的升高而显著增加,并且分别在维生素B6添加量为4 000 mg/kg时取得最大值(P<0.05)。肌肉中甘氨酸(Gly)、丙氨酸(Ala)、缬氨酸(Val)、蛋氨酸(Met)的含量在两个维生素B6添加组(40 mg/kg和4 000 mg/kg)之间没有显著差异(P>0.05),但均显著高于维生素B6缺乏组(0 mg/kg)的值(P<0.05)。  相似文献   

孔雀石绿的代谢机理及生物毒性研究进展   总被引：30，自引：0，他引：30  

翟毓秀  郭莹莹  耿霞  张翠  宁劲松 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2007,37(1):27-32

孔雀石绿(Malachite green,MG)是1种三苯甲烷类工业染料,曾广泛用于治疗水产动物的水霉病、烂鳃病、寄生虫病等,但由于具有高毒、高残留、“三致”等毒性性质,许多国家禁止其在经济鱼类(观赏鱼除外)的养殖过程中使用,成为药物残留监控的主要内容之一。本文对孔雀石绿的化学性质、代谢规律及机理、生物毒性等研究现状进行了综述,旨在为药残的监控工作提供理论依据。  相似文献   

海洋无脊椎动物体内能量物质--磷酸精氨酸的研究进展     

肖涛  王维娜 《海洋湖沼通报》2006,(2):96-103

磷酸精氨酸是无脊椎动物体内一种重要的磷酸原,它能够给机体提供一个ATP的缓冲库,从而保证机体的能量供应处于平衡状态,并进而提高机体的抗应激能力。本文综述了无脊椎动物体内磷酸精氨酸的功能、其含量在应激状态下的变化、在运动中的作用以及动物体内的磷酸精氨酸含量等的研究进展。  相似文献