Geochemistry and stable isotopic composition of tufa waters and precipitates from the Interlake Region, Manitoba, Canada: Constraints on groundwater origin, calcitization, and tufa formation     

M.I. Leybourne  R.N. Betcher  W.D. McRitchie  C.A. Kaszycki  D.R. Boyle   《Chemical Geology》2009,260(3-4):221-233

New major, trace and isotopic geochemical results from a regional study of springs discharging from the major carbonate rock aquifer in the Interlake Region of Manitoba, Canada, are used to understand water–rock reactions, timing of recharge/discharge, tufa formation processes, and as baseline data. Spring waters are fresh with total dissolved solids (TDS) concentrations ranging from 150 to 880 mg/L. Waters discharging in the northern part of the study area have lower TDS, are dominantly Ca–Mg–HCO₃ waters with low SO₄ concentrations (<< 50 mg/L), and appear to have interacted primarily with Silurian carbonate lithologies. In contrast, waters in the southeastern part of the study area have higher TDS and have elevated SO₄ concentrations (up to 210 mg/L). Spring waters have elevated Mg/Ca_molar (1.23 ± 0.23), typically greater than congruent dissolution of dolomite. Ca and Mg concentrations and Mg/Ca_molar indicate that groundwater residence times were sufficient to allow equilibration with bedrock dolomite lithologies; elevated tritium in northern waters indicates a significant recharge component in the 1960's and 1970's. Tufa precipitates that have formed from many of the spring waters are low-Mg calcite (MgO = 1.70 to 5.80 wt.%). Sr concentrations are variable (57 to 657 ppm) and tufa Sr/Ca_molar ratios appear to be entirely controlled by spring water Sr/Ca_molar. Empirically determined Sr distribution coefficients (D_Sr = 0.389 ± 0.083) indicate rapid crystallization following CO₂ degassing, consistent with heavier δ¹³C_VPDB compared to spring waters. Sulfate concentrations are generally too low for calcitization (dedolomitization) reactions driven by anhydrite dissolution to be the dominant control on the elevated groundwater Mg/Ca_molar, implying either extensive sulfate reduction along the flow paths (however, δ¹³C_DIC suggests the elevated SO₄ is more consistent with Fe-sulfide oxidation), or that other processes are involved. Major ion ratios suggest that the waters in the southern part of the study area are more consistent with interaction with siliciclastic rocks than with anhydrite dissolution. We suggest that calcitization (dedolomitization) reactions driven by anhydrite dissolution may not dominate all carbonate aquifers and that mixing of waters in karst conduits combined with ion exchange reactions are important controls on water chemistry in these systems.  相似文献   

离子色谱法测定土壤中有效氟   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4  

陈静  王烨  王敏捷 《岩矿测试》2009,28(2):173-175

利用离子交换-电导检测离子色谱法对土壤中有效氟进行测定。选用30 mmol/L氢氧化钾溶液作为淋洗液,流速1.20 mL/min,准确测定有效态(可提取态)氟含量。方法加标回收率为95%~108%,精密度好,检出限低,操作简单,对环境无污染,适合于土壤污染状况的调查。  相似文献   

离子色谱法测定牛皮纸样袋中海底沉积物的氯量     

佘小林  胡兰  刘军  陈波  黄勤 《岩矿测试》2009,28(4):373-375

对离子色谱法测定氯含量常用的IonPac AS14A保护柱和新型IonPac AS23分析柱进行对比实验,选择了IonPac AS23柱作为分析柱。解决了碳酸盐对氯离子测定的干扰,优化色谱条件,同时分析牛皮纸样袋中海底沉积物中的氯含量测定结果偏低的原因,拟定了准确测定牛皮纸样袋中海底沉积物中氯含量的方法。通过测定国家一级标准物质中氯含量,结果与标准值相符,其相对标准偏差≤2.66%。  相似文献   

The thermoinsulation effect of snow cover within a climate model     

Benjamin I. Cook  Gordon B. Bonan  Samuel Levis  Howard E. Epstein 《Climate Dynamics》2008,31(1):107-124

We use a state of the art climate model (CAM3–CLM3) to investigate the sensitivity of surface climate and land surface processes to treatments of snow thermal conductivity. In the first set of experiments, the thermal conductivity of snow at each grid cell is set to that of the underlying soil (SC-SOIL), effectively eliminating any insulation effect. This scenario is compared against a control run (CTRL), where snow thermal conductivity is determined as a prognostic function of snow density. In the second set of experiments, high (SC-HI) and low (SC-LO) thermal conductivity values for snow are prescribed, based on upper and lower observed limits. These two scenarios are used to envelop model sensitivity to the range of realistic observed thermal conductivities. In both sets of experiments, the high conductivity/low insulation cases show increased heat exchange, with anomalous heat fluxes from the soil to the atmosphere during the winter and from the atmosphere to the soil during the summer. The increase in surface heat exchange leads to soil cooling of up to 20 K in the winter, anomalies that persist (though damped) into the summer season. The heat exchange also drives an asymmetric seasonal response in near-surface air temperatures, with boreal winter anomalies of +6 K and boreal summer anomalies of −2 K. On an annual basis there is a net loss of heat from the soil and increases in ground ice, leading to reductions in infiltration, evapotranspiration, and photosynthesis. Our results show land surface processes and the surface climate within CAM3–CLM3 are sensitive to the treatment of snow thermal conductivity.  相似文献   

我国南海海鱼中有机氯农药残留分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

曾凡刚 《岩矿测试》2010,29(3):241-244

建立了凝胶渗透色谱前处理,毛细管气相色谱测定我国南海海鱼中11种有机氯农药的方法。分析了油鲽鱼块、鲷鱼片、银鳕鱼、哈哈鱼块、海鳗鱼中的有机氯农药残留情况,发现在禁用20多年后,六六六(HCHs)、滴滴涕(DDTs)、狄氏剂、环氧七氯在鱼肉中均有不同程度的检出,其中滴滴涕的残留水平最高达到26.73μg/kg。研究发现我国南海海鱼中4种HCH的总残留量高于北京市场上的淡水鱼的残留水平;多数有机氯农药残留污染的平均水平也高于英国和巴西等国鱼类的水平。南海海鱼中有机氯农药残留水平具有指示环境污染的意义。  相似文献   

利用谱睿(Pre)在线样品前处理技术检测高碳酸盐基体中阴离子   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

刘肖  邢志  张夕虎  牟世芬  黄秀 《岩矿测试》2010,29(3):263-266

利用戴安公司全新的谱睿(Pre)在线样品前处理技术,开发了一种柱前在线去除高碳酸盐基体中碳酸盐的方法,解决了以往高碳酸盐基体对其他阴离子测定的影响问题。利用该方法对钢铁洗涤液碳酸钠溶液、固体碳酸钠试剂、商品化碳酸钠淋洗液浓缩液等不同类型的样品分别进行了检测。选择的色谱条件为高容量氢氧化物选择性IonPac AS15阴离子交换色谱柱,淋洗液自动发生装置在线产生KOH进行梯度淋洗,抑制电导检测。该方法在常规离子色谱基础上增加一个输液泵、一个六通阀和一个在线二氧化碳去除器(CRD),提出了不使用浓缩柱作为前处理设备与离子色谱主机之间的接口,而采用大定量环,选取合适的时间窗口这一先进理念。该方法可实现5000 mg/L碳酸盐溶液的在线去除,同时检测出浓度低于50μg/L的氯离子、硝酸根离子、硫酸根离子等阴离子。采用外标法和外延法进行定量,标准曲线线性较好,标准加入回收率为92%~108%。方法具有操作简单、可重复性强、方法新颖等特点,并解决了碳酸根离子对其他阴离子的测定干扰这一离子色谱技术难题。  相似文献   

分流比对烃类单分子氢同位素分析的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李中平  李立武  陶明信  王作栋  王广  杜丽  张明峰  石磊 《岩矿测试》2010,29(3):221-224

在单体烃的氢同位素系统测定中,以甲烷为样品,选择不同的分流比(0.1、0.5、1.0、2.0、5.0、10.0),采用气相色谱-高温热转换-同位素比率质谱对相应的氢同位素比值进行研究。结果表明,不同的分流比对峰形、出峰面积及单体烃的氢同位素值有不同程度的影响,总体上随着分流比的增大,峰宽及峰面积呈现指数方式递减;特别是当分流比较小(小于1)时,导致氢同位素值测定结果的不确定度增大;分流比较大时,氢同位素值趋于稳定。文章对造成这种现象的原因进行了分析,认为在单体烃的氢同位素的分析中,选择较大的分流比不会导致明显的同位素分馏,从而对样品分析更为有利。  相似文献   

土壤中25种有机氯农药和多氯联苯的气相色谱分析方法研究   总被引：6，自引：5，他引：1  

佟玲  吴淑琪  杨佳佳  张玲金 《岩矿测试》2010,29(3):277-281

研究了土壤中17种有机氯农药和8种多氯联苯组分的气相色谱分析方法。采用加速溶剂萃取技术提取,优化了萃取条件。提取液用固相萃取技术进行净化,采用20 mL含3%(体积分数)甲苯的正己烷-乙酸乙酯(体积比8∶2)进行淋洗,得到很好的净化效果。方法检出限在0.06~0.27μg/kg,线性范围在1.38~55.2 ng/mL,目标化合物的平均添加回收率在65%~97%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)小于17.11%。方法快速、灵敏、准确,适合批量样品的分析。  相似文献   

气雾剂二甲醚中三甲胺的气相色谱分析     

司瑞刚 《岩矿测试》2010,29(3):287-290

采用CP-PoraPLOT Am ines色谱柱,火焰离子化检测器(FID),气相色谱法对二甲醚中三甲胺进行定性、定量分析。操作简单,与自动取样阀连用可实现在线监测。结果表明,在不需富集的情况下检出限可达0.51×10-6(体积分数),回收率为98%~103%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=7)为1.07%,完全满足工业在线监测的需要。  相似文献   

气相色谱法测定土壤中的脂肪酸成分   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李培昌  韩彬  张鹏  曹磊  郑晓玲  何鹰  王小如 《岩矿测试》2010,29(4):363-367

用气相色谱-质谱联用仪对脂肪酸进行定性,气相色谱配合标准溶液进行定量,建立了一种完整的测定土壤中脂肪酸含量的方法。方法应用于实际样品的检测,各组分的线性相关系数为0.991 3~0.999 9,仪器精密度(RSD,n=6)为0.73%~2.57%,检出限为0.016~0.038 mg/L,平均回收率为97.86%。建立的方法能够较准确地测定土壤中各种脂肪酸的含量,且可以满足实际样品的测定需要。  相似文献