南极中山站NO_2的观测及平流层NO_2与O_3的关系分析   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

郭松  周秀骥  陆龙骅  郑向东  高学杰 《极地研究》1997,9(3):3-8

利用Ｂｒｅｗｅｒ臭氧仪对南极中山站上空的Ｏ３、ＮＯ２柱总量及平流层Ｏ３、ＮＯ２含量进行了长期观测研究，分析了１９９３～１９９５年，尤其是１９９５年南极臭氧洞和非臭氧洞时期ＮＯ２柱总量及平流层ＮＯ２含量的季节变化及与Ｏ３含量的关系，指出平流层ＮＯ２含量的减少是造成南极臭氧洞成因和近年来不断加剧的一个主要原因。  相似文献   

南极长城站环境样品中总砷的分布特征          下载免费PDF全文

蒲家彬  傅云娜  陈则玲 《极地研究》1997,9(3):63-66

对南极长城站地区１０种环境样品中的总砷含量进行了分析测定，并对总砷在不同环境介质中的分布以及与世界其他地区的总砷含量水平进行了比较。结果表明，长城站地区陆地淡水、海水、新降雪以及沉积物、表土等环境样品中的总砷量低于世界背景水平；海洋植物中的砷含量较高，但也不超出世界平均值，地衣、苔藓及帽贝样品中的含砷量高于世界平均水平，说明在极地环境条件下，这两类生物对砷的富集能力较强。  相似文献   

中山站至内陆330公里冰川学剖面考察   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7       下载免费PDF全文

康建成  汪大立 《极地研究》1997,9(3):78-82

１９９６～１９９７年南极夏季期间，中国组织实施了首次南极内陆冰盖冰川学考察，深入冰盖内陆３３０ｋｍ，作为中山站至南极内陆最高点ＤｏｍｅＡ大剖面研究计划的开始。计划将对冰盖物质平衡、２００年以来环境演化过程、冰雪／气交换过程等科学问题开展观测研究。本次考察进行了物质平衡、地貌、气象、雪坑地层观测，采集了表层、雪坑、冰雪芯样品。  相似文献   

东南极拉斯曼丘陵斯托尼斯半岛地区化学元素分布特征          下载免费PDF全文

王玉贵  赵济 《极地研究》1997,9(4):45-50

通过样品测定，运用统计方法分析了东南极拉斯曼丘陵斯托尼斯半岛岩石、土壤与风化壳、大气降水、湖泊等环境要素的化学元素丰度和特征。该区风化过程和成土过程微弱，地表环境化学元素分布具有较强的区域性特征。初步分析该地区环境中元素迁移转化规律以及低温环境条件下自然地理过程的特征。  相似文献   

南极地区温度和海冰的变化特征及相互关系   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12       下载免费PDF全文

卞林根  陆龙骅  贾朋群 《大气科学》1997,21(5):564-572

对南极地区温度和海冰的时空变化特征及相互关系进行的初步研究结果表明:近30余年来南极地区有显著的变暖趋势，时空差异比较明显。 其中以南极半岛地区的变暖趋势最大，为整个东南极沿岸增温率的2～3倍。近20年来，整个平均的南极海冰和温度的变化趋势相反，年际变化的相关关系不显著。经过聚类分析划分出不同的气候区，能清楚地显示出某些区两者的关系。海冰与同区沿岸温度距平相关信号最强区在南大西洋至西南太平洋海域。  相似文献   

Field observations on the variability of crude oil impact on indigenous hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria from sub-Antarctic intertidal sediments   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Delille D  Delille B 《Marine environmental research》2000,49(5):277-417

Oil pollution of the oceans has been a problem ever since man began to use fossil fuels. Biodegradation by naturally occurring populations of micro-organisms is a major mechanism for the removal of petroleum from the environment. To examine the effects of crude oil pollution on intertidal bacteria, we repeated the same contamination experiments on nine different sub-Antarctic intertidal beaches using specifically built enclosures (PVC pipe, 15 cm in inner diameter and 30 cm in height). Despite the pristine environmental conditions, significant numbers of indigenous hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria were observed in all the studied beaches. Introduction of oil into these previously oil-free environments resulted in several orders of magnitude of increase in hydrocarbon-degrading micro-organisms within a few days in some of the studied sites but has no obvious effects on two others. The physical environment of the bacterial assemblage seems to play a major role in the biodegradation capacities. After 3 months of contamination, both remaining oil concentrations and biodegradation indexes differ strongly between the different stations. Thus, chemical and biological parameters reveal a strong heterogeneity of biodegradation capacities between the different sites.  相似文献   

Cholinesterase activities in the Antarctic scallop Adamussium colbecki: Tissue expression and effect of ZnCl₂ exposure     

I. Corsi  S. Bonacci  G. Santovito  M. Chiantore  L. Castagnolo  S. Focardi 《Marine environmental research》2004,58(2-5):401

Biochemical characterization of cholinesterase activity (ChE) was carried out on the Antarctic scallop Adamussium colbecki collected in winter 2000 from Campo Icaro (Ross Sea, Antarctica) in order to increase its suitability as a sentinel organism for monitoring the Antarctic environment. The digestive gland, gills and adductor muscle were investigated for substrate specificity and inhibitors sensitivity using acetylthiocholine iodide (ASCh) and butyrylthiocholine iodide (BSCh) as substrates and tetra (monoisopropyl)pyrophosphor-tetramide (Iso-OMPA), 1,5-bis(4-allyldimethylammoniumphenyl)-penthan-3-one dibromide (BW284c51) and the insecticide chlorpyrifos as inhibitors. Effect of in vivo exposure to ZnCl₂ was also investigated. All the tissues expressed ChE activity (gill > adductor muscle > digestive gland) and low substrates specificity throughout the hydrolysis of both ASCh and BSCh substrates. Partial (25–29%) and total inhibition (100%) of ChE activity in gills was demonstrated following in vitro incubation with Iso-OMPA and BW284c51 (3 mM), respectively. Concentration-dependent inhibition was also evident with chlorpyrifos in the range 10⁻⁴–10⁻¹⁰ M (IC₅₀ 10⁻⁶) while in vivo exposure to ZnCl₂ did not seem to affect ChE activity in the scallop. The potential use of ChE in the A. colbecki as biomarker for monitoring water contamination in the marine Antarctic environment is discussed.  相似文献   

Evaluation of Seasonal Sea Level Variation at Syowa Station, Antarctica, Using GPS Observations     

Shigeru Aoki  Kazuo Shibuya  Akihiro Masuyama  Taku Ozawa  Koichiro Doi 《Journal of Oceanography》2002,58(3):519-523

Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements of the vertical displacement of fast ice near Syowa Station, Antarctica, were conducted between April and December 1998 to evaluate measurements of sea level variation derived with a conventional bottom pressure gauge (BPG). The BPG-derived sea level revealed a seasonal variation of about 0.13 m, with a high in April–June and a low in November–December. The GPS-derived sea level, combined with observed sea ice thickness, supported the BPG result, with an RMS error of 0.007 m. Our result also demonstrates that GPS is a powerful technique for monitoring sea level variations. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Short-term changes of marine bacterioplankton in antarctic coastal environment     

D. Delille  G. Cahet 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1991,33(6)

Observations of the short-term changes of seawater bacterioplankton were carried out during the summer of 1988 in Antarctic coastal surface waters. The studies were designed to compare the variations of bacterioplankton in freemoving and enclosed seawater. Even when a diurnal cycle is present the data collected from the enclosed seawater experiments remain much more constant than the corresponding data in free-moving seawater. The wide range of parameters used in the two experiments reveals common properties which illustrate the major role of displacements of water masses at a fixed sampling station in the temporal changes observed in free-moving Antarctic coastal seawater.  相似文献   

Particulate Matter in the Ross Sea: a Spreading Model     

Sergio Tucci  rea Bergamasco  Marco Capello  Sandro Carniel 《Marine Ecology》2002,23(S1):395-410

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