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71.
The aquaculture of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Echinodermata, Holothuroidea) has grown rapidly during recent years and has become an important sector of the marine industry in Northern China. However, with the rapid growth of the industry and the use of non-standard culture techniques, epidemic diseases of A. japonicus now pose increasing problems to the industry. To screen the genes with stress response to bacterial infection in sea cucumber at a genome wide level, we constructed a cDNA library from A. japonicus Selenka (Aspidochirotida: Stichopodidae) after infecting them with Vibrio sp. for 48 h. Total RNA was extracted from the intestine, mesentery and coelomocyte of infected sea cucumber using Trizol and mRNA was isolated by Oligotex mRNA Kits. The ligated cDNAs were transformed into DH5α, and a library of 3.24×105 clones (3.24×105 cfu mL-1) was obtained with the sizes of inserted fragments ranging from 0.8 to 2.5 kb. Sequencing the cDNA clones resulted in a total of 1106 ESTs that passed the quality control. BlastX and BlastN searches have identified 168 (31.5%) ESTs sharing significant homology with known sequences in NCBI protein or nucleotide databases. Among a panel of 25 putative immunity-related genes, serum lectin isoform, complement component 3, complement component 3-like genes were further studied by real-time PCR and they all increased more than 5 fold in response to Vibrio sp. challenge. Our library provides a valuable molecular tool for future study of invertebrate immunity against bacterial infection and our gene expression data indicates the importance of the immune system in the evolution and development of sea cucumber. 相似文献
72.
Growth, metabolism and physiological response of the sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus Selenka during periods of inactivity 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The growth, metabolism and physiological response of the sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus, were investigated during periods of inactivity. The body weight, oxygen consumption rate (OCR), activities of acidic phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and content of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) in the body wall and coelomic fluid of A. japonicus were measured during starvation, experimental aestivation and aestivation. The results showed that the body weight of sea cucumber in the three treatments decreased significantly during the experimental period (P < 0.05). The OCR of sea cucumber reduced in starvation and experimental aestivation treatments, but increased gradually in natural aestivation treatment. The activities of ACP and AKP of sea cucumber decreased gradually in all treatments, whereas those of SOD and CAT as well as Hsp70 content decreased in the starvation and experimental aestivation treatments and increased in natural aestivation treatment. The sea cucumber entered a state of aestivation at 24℃. To some extent, the animals in experimental aestivation were different from those in natural aestivation in metabolism and physiological response. These findings suggested that the aestivation mechanism of A. japonicus is complex and may not be attributed to the elevated temperature only. 相似文献
73.
以初始体质量为(2.74±0.17)g 的刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)为研究对象, 在室内养殖池进行60 d饲喂实验, 研究饲料中添加乳酸菌制剂和乳酸菌代谢产物对刺参肠道菌群、部分免疫指标及生长的影响。在基础饲料中分别添加乳酸菌制剂和乳酸菌代谢产物各2 mL/m3(按饲养水体折算), 配制2 种实验饲料。实验结果显示: 与对照组比, 饲料中添加乳酸菌与乳酸菌代谢产物均显著降低了刺参肠道弧菌数及大肠杆菌数(P＜0.05); 饲料中添加乳酸菌及其代谢产物能使刺参肠道酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶活力显著升高, 溶菌酶活性有所提升, 其中乳酸菌制剂实验组与代谢产物实验组免疫酶活力差异不显著;两实验组刺参的特定生长率显著高于对照组(P＜0.05)。上述结果表明, 乳酸菌制剂与乳酸菌代谢产物对刺参的肠道菌群平衡、免疫力及生长均具有良好的促进作用, 且两者之间差异不显著。 相似文献
74.
以酶学分析法研究了温度和pH对刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)肠道不同部位(前肠、中肠、后肠)4种消化酶活性的影响,并比较了其活性分布.结果表明,各消化酶随温度和pH均呈峰值变化:前肠、中肠和后肠蛋白酶均有2个活性范围,最适pH分别为3、9,脂肪酶活性的最适pH分别为3.5、4.0、4.0,褐藻酸酶活性的最适pH分别为4.0、4.5、4.5,果胶酶活性的最适pH分别为3.5、3.5、4.0;蛋白酶活性的最适温度均为45℃,脂肪酶活性的最适温度均为35℃,褐藻酸酶活性的最适温度分别为45℃、35℃、35℃,果胶酶活性的最适温度则分别为55℃、55℃、45℃;在各自最适温度和pH下,蛋白酶活性表现为后肠＞前肠＞中肠,脂肪酶活性表现为后肠＞中肠＞前肠,而前肠褐藻酸酶活性显著高于中肠、后肠(P＜0.05),果胶酶活性在肠道各部分相差不显著. 相似文献
75.
白刺参，浅青刺参，深青刺参和紫刺参色素组成及黑色素含量的比较分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus(Selenka), is a commercially important marine species in China. Among the differently colored varieties sold in China, white and purple sea cucumbers have the greatest appeal to consumers. Identification of the pigments that may contribute to the formation of different color morphs of sea cucumbers will provide a scientific basis for improving the cultivability of desirable color morphs. In this study,sea cucumbers were divided into four categories according to their body color: white, light green, dark green, and purple. The pigment composition and contents in the four groups were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). The results show that the pigment contents differed significantly among the white, lightgreen, dark-green, and purple sea cucumbers, and there were fewer types of pigments in white sea cucumber than in the other color morphs. The only pigments detected in white sea cucumbers were guanine and pteroic acid.Guanine and pteroic acid are structural colors, and they were also detected in light-green, dark-green, and purple sea cucumbers. Every pigment detected, except for pteroic acid, was present at a higher concentration in purple morphs than in the other color morphs. The biological color pigments melanin, astaxanthin, β-carotene, and lutein were detected in light-green, dark-green, and purple sea cucumbers. While progesterone and lycopene,which are also biological color pigments, were not detected in any of the color morphs. Melanin was the major pigment contributing to body color, and its concentration increased with deepening color of the sea cucumber body. Transmission electron microscopy analyses revealed that white sea cucumbers had the fewest epidermal melanocytes in the body wall, and their melanocytes contained fewer melanosomes as well as non-pigmented pre-melanosomes. Sea cucumbers with deeper body colors contained more melanin granules. In the body wall of dark-green and purple sea cucumbers, melanin granules were secreted out of the cell. The results of this study provide evidence for the main factors responsible for differences in coloration among white, light-green, darkgreen, and purple sea cucumbers, and also provide the foundation for further research on the formation of body color in sea cucumber, A. japonicus. 相似文献
76.
77.
Three color variants of the sea cucumber,Apostichopus japonicus are recognized,the red one is highly valued in the market. When the red variant is cultured in ponds in China,its body color changes from red to celadon in 3–6 months. The effects of water depth and substrate color on the growth and body color of this animal were investigated. Juveniles of red A. japonicus were cultured in cages suspended at a range of water depths(20,50,100,150 and 200 cm). The specific growth rate of red sea cucumbers was significantly higher in animals cultured at deeper water layers compared with those grown at shallowers. Body weights were greatest for sea cucumbers cultured at a depth of 150 cm and their survival rates were highest at a depth of 200 cm. A scale to evaluate the color of red sea cucumbers(R value) was developed using a Pantone standard color card. All stocked animals in the 9-month trial retained a red color,however the red body color was much more intense in sea cucumbers cultured at shallower depths,while animals suspended in deeper layers became pale. In a separate trial,A. japonicus were cultured in suspended cages with seven different colored substrates. Substrate color had a significant effect on the growth and body-color of red A. japonicus. The yield were greatest for A. japonicus cultured on a yellow substrate,followed by green white orange red black and blue. All sea cucumbers in the 7-month trial retained a red color,although the red was most intense(highest R value) in animals cultured on a blue substrate and pale(lowest R value) for animals cultured on a green substrate. 相似文献
78.
氨氮急性胁迫对日本沼虾(Macrobrachium nipponensis)死亡率、耗氧率及窒息点的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用静水停食法,在水温(24.0±0.2)°C、p H(7.61±0.04)条件下开展了氨氮对日本沼虾(Macrobrachium nipponensis)[体长(4.29±0.32)cm,体质量(1.80±0.12)g]的急性毒性实验,并以此为基础测定了不同氨氮质量浓度胁迫下日本沼虾的耗氧率与窒息点。结果表明:(1)氨氮对日本沼虾24h、48h、72h、96h的半致死质量浓度依次为7.922、6.034、4.237和3.371mg/L;(2)鳃是氨氮攻毒日本沼虾的重要靶器官,氨氮对日本沼虾耗氧率的影响具毒物兴奋效应,0.225mg/L为该效应达到峰值的氨氮质量浓度,0.337mg/L为该效应被终止的氨氮质量浓度临界阈;(3)在对日本沼虾耗氧率的影响具毒物兴奋效应的氨氮质量浓度范围内,日本沼虾的窒息点随氨氮质量浓度的梯次升高渐次呈稳定、略增、再稳定之态势,氨氮质量浓度0.112mg/L为致该虾窒息点发生显著改变的临界阈,该实验组窒息点含氧量与对照组无差异(P0.05)。 相似文献
79.
刺参对筏式养殖海区生物沉积物清除作用的模拟研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
室内模拟研究了刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)(湿体质量13.94 g±2.92 g),对养殖海区生物沉积物和海带粉不同配比饵料的摄食、吸收及其生长,评价了刺参对筏式养殖海区生物沉积物的清除作用。实验共设5个饵料配比组,即纯海带(A组),25%沉积物 75%海带(B组),50%沉积物 50%海带(C组),75%沉积物 25%海带(D组)以及纯沉积物(E组)。在海水温度6-16℃条件下,刺参摄食率随沉积物含量的增加明显增大,A组与E组分别出现刺参日摄食率的最小值(0.88%/d)和最大值(9.34%/d);D组刺参日瞬时生长率和对饵料的吸收效率最高,分别为:1.67%/d和48.3%;A组刺参吸收效率虽然较高,但摄食率和瞬时生长率最低;E组刺参的吸收效率出现负值,但刺参生长效果明显。研究结果表明利用刺参清除浅海筏式养殖海区生物沉积物生态效果明显。 相似文献
80.
利用分光光度计比色法测定了温度、pH值和Hg2 等9种金属离子对体长24.2cm±0.7cm仿刺参(Apostichopusjaponicus)消化道中蛋白酶活性的影响。结果表明,蛋白酶的最适温度为40℃,对热不稳定,最适pH为7.2。Hg2 ,Mn2 ,Ag ,Pb2 ,Ba2 ,Ca2 对蛋白酶的活性有抑制作用,抑制作用由强至弱依次为Hg2 >Ag >Mn2 >Pb2 >Ca2 >Ba2 ,其中Hg2 和Ag 与对照差异极显著(P﹤0.01),表现出极强的抑制作用;Cu2 ,Zn2 ,Mg2 则对酶活有一定的促进作用,其促进作用大小依次为Mg2 >Zn2 >Cu2 ,Mg2 与对照差异显著(P﹤0.05)。 相似文献