Variations of horizontal and vertical velocities over two-dimensional transverse dunes: A wind tunnel simulation of the effect of windward slope   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

G. Qian  Z. Dong  W. Luo  H. Wang 《Journal of Arid Environments》2009,73(12):1109-1116

The changes in wind velocity induced by dune topography have an important significance in dune dynamics. In this paper, the horizontal and vertical velocities over six transverse dune models were measured non-intrusively by means of Particle Image Velocimetry in a wind tunnel. The windward slope angle and the free-stream wind velocity both affected the horizontal and vertical velocity components. On the windward side, the acceleration of horizontal velocity depended mainly on the windward slope angle and the height above the dune surface, but was also affected by the free-stream wind velocity. The speed-up ratio increased with increasing slope angle but decreased with increasing height. The ascending vertical velocities also increased with increasing slope angle and free-stream wind velocity. The maximum values moved upper along the dune when the windward angle became steeper. In the leeward sides, the horizontal velocity decreased and reversed because of airflow separation; the maximum reverse velocity in the separation cell was about 17% of the free-stream wind velocity. Behind the dune crest, the airflow moves downwards, and its maximum downward velocity is found near the flow reattachment point. Finally, we discussed the significance of these velocity variations for sediment transport and dune dynamics.  相似文献   

Experiment and Simulation of Large Capacity Air-guns in Deep Structure Exploration   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

Tang Jie  Wang Baoshan  Ge Hongkui  Chen Yong 《中国地震研究》2009,23(4):372-382

The air-gun source has important applications as a new, environmentally, green active source in regional scale deep exploration. In the past, the air gun source was used mainly in small-scale, high-resolution shallow oil exploration, but has a lack of adequate research in deep exploration. In order to study the selection of work parameters and field conditions of the air gun source in deep exploration, this paper does the following work: ① analyze the characteristics of the air gun source using air gun experiments; ② simulate the air gun signal and air gun-array signal based on the theory of free bubble oscillation to analyze the influence of bubble oscillation and study the wavelet energy and spectrum characteristics needed in deep exploration; ③ on the basis of theoretical simulation, study the influence of work parameters, such as air-gun capacity, work stress and depth on air gun signal and analyze the influence of air-gun array inspired moment and spacing of different air guns on air gun-array signals; and ④ study energy reflection and transmission coefficients for different underwater interfaces, which is very useful for choosing suitable field conditions.  相似文献   

城市灾害现场图像传输系统的技术选择——以厦门市为例   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

蔡欣欣  叶振民 《华南地震》2009,29(1):122-128

以厦门市为例,介绍了灾害应急指挥通讯系统在实施灾害救援时依据无线电传输特性所作的技术选择。主要可归纳为：①现场图像至现场应急指挥车间的微波模拟传输。选择穿透能力较强的频道,实测无阻挡时可传输8km,有阻挡情况下穿透3、4堵墙壁;②现场指挥车至城市应急指挥中心间的甚高频数字化传输。在经过城市实际电磁空间噪音场扫描后选定适宜的频道窗口,以实现10km左右的传输要求：③现场应急指挥车在有条件的场地也可接驳宽带电话网实现与城市应急指挥中心的图像传送。  相似文献   

Applying Neural Network Classification to Obtain Mangrove Landscape Characteristics for Monitoring the Travel Environment Quality on the Beihai Coast of Guangxi,P. R. China     

Xiang Yu  Hong‐bo Shao  Xiang‐hua Liu  Dong‐zhi Zhao 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2010,38(3):289-295

The spectral characteristics of mangroves on the Beihai Coast of Guangxi, P. R. China are acquired on the basis of spectral data from field measurements. Following this, the 3‐layer reverse‐conversing neural networks (NN) classification technology is used to analyze the Landsat TM5 image obtained on January 8, 2003. It is detailed enough to facilitate the introduction of the algorithm principle and trains project of the neural network. Neural network algorithms have characteristics including large‐scale data handling and distributing information storage. This research firstly analyzes the necessity and complexity of this translation system, and then introduces the strong points of the neural network. Processing mangrove landscape characteristics by using neural network is an important innovation, with great theoretical and practical significance. This kind of neural network can greatly improve the classification accuracy. The spatial resolution of Landsat TM5 is high enough to facilitate the research, and the false color composite from 3‐, 4‐, and 5‐bands has a clear boundary and provides a significant quantity of information and effective images. On the basis of a field survey, the exported layers are defined as mangrove, vegetation, bare land, wetlands and shrimp pool. TM satellite images are applied to false color composites by using 3‐, 4‐, and 5‐bands, and then a supervised classification model is used to classify the image. The processing method of hyper‐spectrum remote sensing allows the spectral characteristics of the mangrove to be determined, and integrates the result with the NN classification for the false color composite by using 3‐, 4‐, and 5‐bands. The network model consists of three layers, i. e., the input layer, the hidden layer, and the output layer. The input layer number of classification is defined as 3, and the hidden layers are defined as 5 according to the function operation. The control threshold is 0.9. The training ratio is 0.2. The maximum permit error is 0.08. The classification precision reaches 86.86%. This is higher than the precision of maximal parallel classification (50.79%) and the spectrum angle classification (75.39%). The results include the uniformity ratio (1.7789), the assembly ratio (0.6854), the dominance ratio (–1.5850), and the fragmentation ratio (0.0325).  相似文献   

基于全景真三维技术的新型智慧城市时空信息基础设施探索     

任超  霍文虎  张茜  张旻 《地理信息世界》2017,24(4)

我国新型智慧城市的建设对城市时空信息基础设施提出了更高的要求,迫切需要加强包括大数据、云计算等新技术的深入应用。本文重点探讨基于多传感器技术(包括机载激光扫描技术、多角度倾斜摄影技术在内的航空摄影)和高度自动化后处理新技术的全景真三维技术特点及优势,并以北京城市副中心为例,探索基于全景真三维技术的智慧城市时空信息基础设施建设及其应用。实践表明,全景真三维技术能够快速提供真实统一、高精度、多层次的城市模型数据,为城市规划、建设、治理和运营提供了事半功倍的信息化手段,是一种构建新型智慧城市时空信息基础设施的新思路。  相似文献   

Limnological and sedimentary processes at Sawtooth Lake,Canadian High Arctic,and their influence on varve formation   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Pierre Francus  Raymond S. Bradley  Ted Lewis  Mark Abbott  Mike Retelle  Joseph S. Stoner 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2008,40(3):963-985

This paper synthesizes data collected to document the modern limnological and sedimentary processes in South Sawtooth Lake located on northern Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada. Field observations show that the finely laminated sediments deposited in the distal basin are formed by the settling of overflows and interflows, and in rare occasions, by non-erosive hyperconcentrated density flows. Thin-sections of these sediments allowed for the classification of the sedimentary fabrics into six facies, each representing different limnological processes. The sediments in this distal basin are considered to be continuous and annually laminated (varved) based on radioisotope analyses, and both limnological and sedimentological evidence.  相似文献   

A data-mapping approach to 3-D wavefield redatuming     

S. Tegtmeier-Last  A. Gisolf  D. J. Verschuur 《Geophysical Journal International》2008,172(2):759-769

In case of a complex overburden, the seismic data can be greatly improved by applying a full wavefield redatuming procedure. In practice, the application of the redatuming process to 3-D data acquired by conventional acquisition designs is non-trivial. Because of the large amount of data involved in the 3-D redatuming process and because of the sparseness of these data, it is impossible to apply conventional wave equation datuming directly.
We present a data mapping approach to redatuming (DMR), which follows the concept of Kirchhoff data mapping. A simplified background medium where no ray bending occurs is assumed for the medium below the datum in order to map an input data set referenced to the acquisition surface to an output data set referenced to the new datum level. The DMR method can be interpreted as a simplified version of the Kirchhoff summation redatuming (KSR) method, where one of the 2-D integrals over the acquisition coordinates can be solved analytically. Consequently, in this approach fewer traces are involved in the computation of one time sample (a 2-D integral is computed instead of a 4-D integral), which makes it particularly attractive for the application to 3-D data sets.
In this paper the theory underlying data mapping redatuming is discussed and the proposed approach is tested on fully sampled 2-D and 3-D synthetic data from models with both simple and complex velocity distributions in the subsurface.
The tests clearly show that the objective of producing results that are comparable to the conventional KSR has been achieved. The redatumed traces are dynamically and kinematically correct. Furthermore, these results confirm that the dependency of the new approach on the assumed medium below the datum level is, indeed, weak because the assumption of a velocity medium where no ray bending occurs is already sufficient to produce correct results.  相似文献   

斑点全息术原理及其计算机模拟实验     

邱耀辉  吕瑞宁  钱苹  仇朴章  刘忠 《天文研究与技术》1992,(2)

介绍一种天文高分辨率像复原的方法——斑点全息术,并给出了人造目标和真实大气的模拟计算结果,最后指出此方法的应用局限及克服局限性的可能途径。  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地黄土覆盖区TM图象的地层解译     

王平安  张学仁 《地球科学与环境学报》1992,(4)

在基岩裸露区进行地层解译是比较方便的,但在黄土高原区,尤其是当其还受到林木覆盖时,地层的解译就有一定的难度,问题在于所有基岩的直接解译标志都会被掩盖或受到干扰。在这种情况下,建立间接解译标志就显得十分重要。这些标志包括河道的宽窄变化,曲流强度,色彩差异以及纹形图案等。它们是由岩石成分结构所决定的物理性质、化学组成以及由此派生的波谱特征的外在表现,因而其解译结果是可靠的。  相似文献   

Experimental constraints on degassing and permeability in volcanic conduit flow     

Alain?BurgisserEmail author  James?E.?Gardner 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2004,67(1):42-56

This study assesses the effect of decompression rate on two processes that directly influence the behavior of volcanic eruptions: degassing and permeability in magmas. We studied the degassing of magma with experiments on hydrated natural rhyolitic glass at high pressure and temperature. From the data collected, we defined and characterized one degassing regime in equilibrium and two regimes in disequilibrium. Equilibrium bubble growth occurs when the decompression rate is slower than 0.1 MPa s^–1, while higher rates cause porosity to deviate rapidly from equilibrium, defining the first disequilibrium regime of degassing. If the deviation is large enough, a critical threshold of super-saturation is reached and bubble growth accelerates, defining the second disequilibrium regime. We studied permeability and bubble coalescence in magma with experiments using the same rhyolitic melt in open degassing conditions. Under these open conditions, we observed that bubbles start to coalesce at ~43 vol% porosity, regardless of decompression rate. Coalescence profoundly affects bubble texture and size distributions, and induces the melt to become permeable. We determined coalescence to occur on a time scale (~180 s) independent of decompression rate. We parameterized and incorporated our experimental results into a 1D conduit flow model to explore the implications of our findings on eruptive behavior of rhyolitic melts with low crystal contents stored in the upper crust. Compared to previous models that assume equilibrium degassing of the melt during ascent, the introduction of disequilibrium degassing reduces the deviation from lithostatic pressure by ~25%, the acceleration at high porosities (>50 vol%) by a factor 5, and the associated decompression rate by an order of magnitude. The integration of the time scale of coalescence to the model shows that the transition between explosive and effusive eruptive regimes is sensitive to small variations of the initial magma ascent speed, and that flow conditions near fragmentation may significantly be affected by bubble coalescence and gas escape.Editorial responsibility: D. Dingwell  相似文献