High-West and Low-East Distribution Patterns of Chlorophyll a, Primary Productivity and Diatoms in the Subarctic North Pacific Surface Waters, Midwinter 1996   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Akihiro Shiomoto  Hiroki Asami 《Journal of Oceanography》1999,55(4):493-503

We have determined chlorophyll a (Chla) concentration, primary productivity, cell density and species composition of diatoms, and the number of microzooplankton at the surface in the subarctic North Pacific in January 1996. The wet weight of copepods obtained by vertical tows from 150 m to the surface was also measured during the cruise. Chla concentration and primary productivity tended to be higher in the region west of 180°, the western subarctic North Pacific (WSNP), than east of 180°, the eastern subarctic North Pacific (ESNP). The same results were observed for the total diatom cell densities and for the genera Thalassiosira and Denticulopsis. Significant linear relationships were observed between the Thalassiosira cell density and Chla concentration and primary productivity, indicating that Thalassiosira contributes to the high-WSNP and low-ESNP distribution patterns of Chla concentration and primary productivity. Moreover, naked ciliate abundance tended to be lower in the WSNP than in the ESNP, whereas copepod biomass showed an inverse trend. Significantly negative Spearman rank correlations were found between the Thalassiosira cell density and the number of naked ciliates and between the number of naked ciliates and the wet weight of copepods. These results indicate that copepod grazing indirectly controls Thalassiosira cell density via predation on the naked ciliates. We conclude that the high copepod biomass in the WSNP is a factor controlling the high-WSNP and low-ESNP Thalassiosira abundance and hence Chla concentration and primary productivity patterns.  相似文献   

太湖蓝藻中天然色素的分离提取及测定   总被引：11，自引：2，他引：9  

瞿文川  潘红玺 《湖泊科学》1997,9(3):284-285

本文对太湖蓝藻中的叶绿素,胡萝卜素,藻蓝素等天然色素进行分离提以,并运用紫外可见分光光度法对色素含量进行测定;最后对色素在食品,化妆品等方面的应用进行了初步探讨。  相似文献   

基于BP人工神经网络平潭海域赤潮叶绿素a浓度模型演算研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

许阳春  张明峰  苏玉萍  洪颐  苏金洙  陈晶晶 《海洋科学》2020,44(3):34-41

以福建平潭海域为研究对象、以叶绿素a浓度为输出指标,根据2009-2018年赤潮期数据规律及2013-2017年海洋监测数据主成分分析结果,对拟构建的BP模型进行输入指标筛选,选定结果包括4个气象因子和4个水质因子。基于此结果,对2013-2017年的698组海洋监测数据中叶绿素a浓度进行归一化处理并进行模型演算,随机选取80%数据作为演算模型的训练样本,其余进行模型验证。通过交叉变换输入指标,寻求最优的输入节点组合,以气温、溶解氧浓度、日照时长指标为输入参数时,BP模型误差较小(均方根误差为0.05μg/L,平均绝对误差为0.03μg/L),演算结果精度较高(可决系数R~2=0.81)。以上结果表明,气温、溶解氧浓度和日照时长对叶绿素a浓度表征效果较好,可为平潭海域以叶绿素a浓度作为判定指标的赤潮预警研究提供参考。  相似文献   

Assessing the benefit of satellite-based Solar-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence in crop yield prediction     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2020

Large-scale crop yield prediction is critical for early warning of food insecurity, agricultural supply chain management, and economic market. Satellite-based Solar-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence (SIF) products have revealed hot spots of photosynthesis over global croplands, such as in the U.S. Midwest. However, to what extent these satellite-based SIF products can enhance the performance of crop yield prediction when benchmarking against other existing satellite data remains unclear. Here we assessed the benefits of using three satellite-based SIF products in yield prediction for maize and soybean in the U.S. Midwest: gap-filled SIF from Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 (OCO-2), new SIF retrievals from the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI), and the coarse-resolution SIF retrievals from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2). The yield prediction performances of using SIF data were benchmarked with those using satellite-based vegetation indices (VIs), including normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), enhanced vegetation index (EVI), and near-infrared reflectance of vegetation (NIRv), and land surface temperature (LST). Five machine-learning algorithms were used to build yield prediction models with both remote-sensing-only and climate-remote-sensing-combined variables. We found that high-resolution SIF products from OCO-2 and TROPOMI outperformed coarse-resolution GOME-2 SIF product in crop yield prediction. Using high-resolution SIF products gave the best forward predictions for both maize and soybean yields in 2018, indicating the great potential of using satellite-based high-resolution SIF products for crop yield prediction. However, using currently available high-resolution SIF products did not guarantee consistently better yield prediction performances than using other satellite-based remote sensing variables in all the evaluated cases. The relative performances of using different remote sensing variables in yield prediction depended on crop types (maize or soybean), out-of-sample testing methods (five-fold-cross-validation or forward), and record length of training data. We also found that using NIRv could generally lead to better yield prediction performance than using NDVI, EVI, or LST, and using NIRv could achieve similar or even better yield prediction performance than using OCO-2 or TROPOMI SIF products. We concluded that satellite-based SIF products could be beneficial in crop yield prediction with more high-resolution and good-quality SIF products accumulated in the future.  相似文献   

The vertical attenuation of irradiance as a function of turbidity: a case of the Huanghai(Yellow) Sea in spring   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

LINShaoying  ZOUTao  GAOHuiwang  GUOXinyu 《海洋学报(英文版)》2009,28(5):66-75

The planar photosynthetically available radiation (PAR), turbidity and concentration of chlorophyll a (chl a), were measured at 26 stations in the Huanghai (Yellow) Sea during a cruise of China SOLAS from 19 to 27 March 2005. Due to low chl a (<0.35 mg · m-3 ) in upper layers (above 5 m), suspended particulate matter became the major factor that influenced the turbidity in early spring. The calculated vertical diffuse attenuation coefficient of PAR, K PAR , varied with water depths with a maximum value in t...  相似文献   

Sedimentary labile organic carbon and pore water redox control on species distribution of benthic foraminifera: A case study from Lisbon-Setúbal Canyon (southern Portugal)     

K.A. Koho  R. García  E. Epping  T.J. Kouwenhoven 《Progress in Oceanography》2008,79(1):55-82

Rose Bengal stained benthic foraminifera were studied from 11 cores collected along two depth transects off southern Portugal: one in the Lisbon-Setúbal Canyon and the other along the canyon edge. The total standing stocks and distribution of foraminifera were investigated in relation to sediment and pore water geochemistry. Nitrate was used as a redox indicator, sedimentary chlorophyll a and CPE (chloroplastic pigment equivalents) contents as a measure of labile organic matter, and total organic carbon as a measure of bulk organic matter availability.The canyon sediments were enriched in organic carbon and phytopigments at all water depths in comparison with the canyon edge. Water depth seemed to control sedimentary phytopigment content, but not total organic carbon. No significant correlation was seen between pigment and total organic carbon content.The abundance of calcareous foraminifera correlated with the phytodetritus content, whereas a weaker correlation was observed for the agglutinated taxa. Therefore, calcareous foraminifera appear to require a fresher food input than agglutinated taxa. The foraminiferal species composition also varied with pigment content and nitrate penetration depth in the sediment, in line with the TROX concept. Phytopigment-rich (surficial CPE content >20 μg/cm³) sediments with a shallow nitrate penetration depth (∼1 cm depth) were inhabited by generally infaunal species such as Chilostomella oolina, Melonis barleeanus and Globobulimina spp. As the nitrate penetration increased to ∼2 cm depth in sediment and the pigment content remained relatively high (>15 μg/cm³), Uvigerina mediterranea and Uvigerina elongatastriata became dominant species. With declining CPE content and increasing nitrate penetration depth, the foraminiferal assemblages changed from the mesotrophic Cibicides kullenbergi-Uvigerina peregrina assemblage to the oligotrophic abyssal assemblage, mainly consisting of agglutinated taxa.  相似文献   

Validation of SeaWiFS chlorophyll a in Massachusetts Bay     

Kimberly J.W. Hyde  John E. O’Reilly  Candace A. Oviatt 《Continental Shelf Research》2007

Massachusetts Bay, a semi-enclosed embayment (50×100 km) in the Northwest Atlantic, is the focus of a monitoring program designed to measure the effects of relocating the Boston Harbor sewage outfall to a site 15 km offshore in Massachusetts Bay. The Massachusetts Water Resources Authority (MWRA) in situ monitoring program samples selected stations up to 17 times per year to observe seasonal changes in phytoplankton biomass and other water quality variables. We investigated the feasibility of augmenting the monitoring data with satellite ocean color data to increase the spatial and temporal resolution of quantitative phytoplankton measurements. In coastal regions such as Massachusetts Bay, ocean color remote sensing can be complicated by in-water constituents whose concentrations vary independently of phytoplankton and by inaccurate modeling of absorbing aerosols that tend to be concentrated near the coast. An evaluation of in situ and sea-viewing wide field-of-view sensor (SeaWiFS) measurements from 1998 to 2005 demonstrated that SeaWiFS overestimated chlorophyll a mainly due to atmospheric correction errors that were amplified by absorption from elevated concentrations of chlorophyll a and colored dissolved organic matter. Negative water-leaving radiances in the 412 nm band, an obvious artifact of inadequate atmospheric correction, were recorded in approximately 60–80% of the cloud-free images along the coast, while the remaining portions of the Bay only experience negative radiances 35–55% of the time with a clear nearshore to offshore decrease in frequency. Seasonally, the greatest occurrences of negative 412 nm radiances were in November and December and the lowest were recorded during the summer months. Concentrations of suspended solids in Massachusetts Bay were low compared with other coastal regions and did not have a significant impact on SeaWiFS chlorophyll a measurements. A regional empirical algorithm was developed to correct the SeaWiFS data to agree with in situ observations. Monthly SeaWiFS composites illustrated the spatial extent of a bimodal seasonal pattern, including prominent spring and fall phytoplankton blooms; and the approximate 115 cloud-free scenes per year revealed interannual variations in the timing, magnitude and duration of phytoplankton blooms. Despite known artifacts of SeaWiFS in coastal regions, this study provided a viable chlorophyll a product in Massachusetts Bay that significantly increased the spatial and temporal synoptic coverage of phytoplankton biomass, which can be used to gain a comprehensive ecosystem-wide understanding of phytoplankton dynamics at event, seasonal and interannual timescales.  相似文献   

盐藻叶绿素荧光非光化学猝灭产生的条件和主要组分的检测   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

夏丽  陈贻竹 《海洋与湖沼》2000,31(5):198-505

实验用盐藻取自天津溏沽轻工业部制盐研究所,应用叶绿素我技术检测盐藻悬浮液在暗适或稳态光合作用下的荧光产量（光化学荧光猝灭ｑＰ和非光化学荧光猝灭ｑＮ的进程）和在稳态后黑暗期间荧光产量的恢复（ｑＮ的暗豫动力学）。通过改变透导光强、脉冲频率和脉冲强度,寻找适当的条件以区分光诱导期间的ｑＰ、ｑＮ和随后黑暗期间ｑＮ的快（ｑ＾ｆ）、中（ｑ＾ｍ）、幔（ｑ＾ｓ）三个组分。结果表明,ｑＮ的快相（ｑ＾ｆ）仅在相对高的  相似文献   

蒽与苯并[a]芘对海洋微藻致毒影响的比较研究     

黄健  刘向东  唐学玺 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2000,30(3):499-502

新月菱形藻 ,球等鞭金藻 870 1和亚心形扁藻 ,分别用不同浓度的蒽和苯并 [a]芘胁迫72 h,测定三种藻的生长速率 ,叶绿素 a含量。实验表明 ,三种微藻对蒽的敏感性由高到低依次为新月菱形藻、球等鞭金藻 870 1和亚心形扁藻 ,它们 72 h的半抑制浓度 EC50 分别是 0 .0 6 0 mg/L、0 .0 6 5mg/L和 0 .0 94 mg/L。而对苯并 [a]芘的敏感性由高到低依次为亚心形扁藻、新月菱形藻和球等鞭金藻 870 1,它们的 72 h· EC50 分别是 0 .0 76 mg/L、0 .0 88mg/L 和 >0 .10 mg/L(在本实验范围内未测到 )。叶绿素 a含量与各自的相对增长率呈一定的正相关。不同的海洋微藻对蒽和苯并 [a]芘的敏感性不同。  相似文献   

Biogeography and phenology of satellite-measured phytoplankton seasonality in the California current     

《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2014

Thirteen years (1998–2010) of satellite-measured chlorophyll a are used to establish spatial patterns in climatological phytoplankton biomass seasonality across the California Current System (CCS) and its interannual variability. Multivariate clustering based on the shape of the local climatological seasonal cycle divides the study area into four groups: two with spring-summer maxima representing the northern and southern coastal upwelling zones, one with a summer minimum offshore in mid-latitudes and a fourth with very weak seasonality in between. Multivariate clustering on the seasonal cycles from all 13 years produces the same four seasonal cycle types and provides a view of the interannual variability in seasonal biogeography. Over the study period these seasonal cycles generally appear in similar locations as the climatological clusters. However, considerable interannual variability in the geography of the seasonal cycles is evident across the CCS, the most spatially extensive of which are associated with the 1997–1999 El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) signal and the 2005 delayed spring transition off the Oregon and northern and central California coasts. We quantify linear trends over the study period in the seasonal timing of the two seasonal cycles that represent the biologically productive coastal upwelling zones using four different metrics of phenology. In the northern upwelling region, the date of the spring maximum is delaying (1.34 days yr⁻¹) and the central tendency of the summer elevated chlorophyll period is advancing (0.63 days yr⁻¹). In the southern coastal upwelling region, both the initiation and cessation of the spring maximum are delaying (1.78 days yr⁻¹ and 2.44 days yr⁻¹, respectively) and the peak is increasing in duration over the study period. Connections between observed interannual shifts in phytoplankton seasonality and physical forcing, expressed as either basin-scale climate signals or local forcing, show phytoplankton seasonality in the CCS to be influenced by changes in the seasonality of the wind mixing power offshore, coastal upwelling in the near-shore regions and basin-scale signals such as ENSO across the study area.  相似文献