造山带中成对出现的高压麻粒岩与榴辉岩及其地球动力学意义   总被引：18，自引：13，他引：5  

张建新  于胜尧  孟繁聪  李金平 《岩石学报》2009,25(9):2050-2066

在一些典型碰撞造山带中,高压麻粒岩与榴辉岩在空间和时间上密切相关,它们之间的关系对揭示碰撞造山带的造山过程和造山机制具有重要意义.本文以中国西部的南阿尔金、柴北缘及中部的北秦岭造山带为例,详细陈述了这3个地区榴辉岩和相关的高压麻粒岩的野外关系、变质演化和形成时代,目的是要建立大陆碰撞造山带中榴辉岩和相关高压麻粒岩形成的地球动力学背景模式.南阿尔金榴辉岩呈近东西向分布在江尕勒萨依,玉石矿沟一带,与含夕线石副片麻岩、花岗质片麻岩和少量大理岩构成榴辉岩一片麻岩单元,榴辉岩中含有柯石英假象,其峰期变质条件为P=2.8～3.0GPa,T=730～850℃,并在抬升过程中经历了角闪岩-麻粒岩相的叠加;大量年代学研究显示其峰期变质时代为485～500Ma.南阿尔金高压麻粒岩分布在巴什瓦克地区,包括高压基性麻粒岩和高压长英质麻粒岩,它们与超基性岩构成了一个大约5km宽的构造岩石单元,与周围角闪岩相的片麻岩为韧性剪切带接触.长英质麻粒岩和基性麻粒岩的峰期组合均具有蓝晶石和三元长石(已变成条纹长石),形成的温压条件为T=930～1020℃,P=1.8～2.5GPa,并在退变质过程中经历了中压麻粒岩相变质作用叠加.锆石SHRIMP测定显示巴什瓦克高压麻粒岩的峰期变质时代为493～497Ma.都兰地区的榴辉岩分布柴北缘HP-UHP变质带的东端,在榴辉岩和围岩副片麻岩中均发现有柯石英保存,形成的峰期温压条件为T=670～730℃和P=2.7～3.25GPa,退变质阶段经过了角闪岩相的叠加;榴辉岩相变质时代为420～450Mao都兰地区的高压麻粒岩分布在阿尔茨托山西部,高压麻粒岩包括基性麻粒岩长英质麻粒岩,基性麻粒岩的峰期矿物组合为Grt+Cpx+Pl±Ky±Zo+Rt±Qtz,长英质麻粒岩的峰期矿物组合为：Grt+Kf+Ky+Pl+Qtz.峰期变质条件为T=800～925℃,P=1.4～1.85GPa,退变质阶段经历了角闪岩-绿片岩的改造,高压麻粒岩的变质时代为420～450Ma.北秦岭榴辉岩分布在官坡-双槐树一带,榴辉岩的峰期变质组合为Grt+Omp±Phe+Qtz+Rt,所计算的峰期温压条件为T=680～770℃和P=2.25～2.65GPa,年代学数据显示榴辉岩的变质时代为500Ma左右.北秦岭高压麻粒岩分布在含榴辉岩单元的南侧松树沟一带,包括高压基性麻粒岩和高压长英质麻粒岩,与超基性岩在空间上密切伴生,高压麻粒岩的峰期温压条件为T=850～925℃,P=1.45～1.80GPa,锆石U-Pb年代学研究显示其峰期变质时代为485～507Ma.以上三个实例显示,出现在同一造山带、在空间上伴生的高压麻粒岩和榴辉岩有各自不同的变质演化历史,但榴辉岩中的榴辉岩相变质时代和相邻的高压麻粒岩中的高压麻粒岩相变质作用时代相同或相近,这种成对出现的榴辉岩和高压麻粒岩代表了它们同时形成在造山带中不同的构造环境中,即榴辉岩的形成于大陆俯冲带中,而高压麻粒岩可能形成在俯冲带之上增厚的大陆地壳根部.  相似文献   

中天山晚奥陶世碰撞造山:来自变质花岗岩地球化学及年代学证据   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

王行军  王根厚  专少鹏  李广栋  王德强  吴连亨 《岩石学报》2011,27(7):2203-2212

中天山包尔图一带发育一套变质变形的花岗岩,属钙碱性系列,其具有较高的Hf和Th含量,而Li、Nb和Ta的含量低;稀土总量中等,具中等铕负异常,稀土配分模式曲线为V型曲线;显示出加里东型I型花岗岩、同碰撞花岗岩的特征。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年获得了1207±87Ma、455.6±1.8Ma和433±19Ma 3组年龄,其中1207±87Ma代表了碎屑锆石的年龄,说明包尔图一带存在元古宙古老基底;455.6±1.8Ma代表了包尔图岩体的侵位年龄,代表了北天山洋与中天山陆块早古生代一次重要碰撞造山事件;433±19Ma则代表了包尔图岩体侵入岩的后期变质改造年龄,说明早志留世中天山发生过一次变质作用。这次研究的成果对揭示中天山地区的构造演化有着重要的意义。  相似文献   

红河断裂带白垩纪古地磁及青藏高原地质构造演化   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

程国良  白云虹  李素玲  孙宇航 《地震地质》1988,10(4):184

红河断裂带两侧古地磁结果表明,羌塘地体与扬子地台至少从早白垩世以来已连接为一个整体。青藏高原是由四个发育历史不同的地体组成的大地构造复合体,在晚古生代它们分别是劳亚古陆、华夏复合古陆和冈瓦纳古陆的组成部分。拉萨地体与羌塘地体碰撞拼合形成欧亚板块构造格局。喜玛拉雅地体、印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞拼合、推挤,使青藏高原隆起,并使欧亚板块的块体沿已存在的断层产生左行走滑,这种作用至今仍在继续  相似文献   

特提斯喜马拉雅打拉花岗岩的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年及其地质意义   总被引：19，自引：13，他引：6  

戚学祥  曾令森  孟祥金  许志琴  李天福 《岩石学报》2008,24(7)

打拉花岗岩侵位于也拉香波穹隆边部早古生代浅变质岩中,其锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年结果表明,锆石新生边的年龄为44.31±0.36Ma(MSWD=0.69),代表了岩浆侵位时代,锆石内部继承性核的年龄值变化在1943～526Ma之间,代表了碎屑锆石的年龄,反映出这些继承性锆石核的多种来源.花岗岩中白云母等过铝质矿物的出现、刚玉(C)标准矿物含量>2%、A/CNK>1.1,稀土和微量元素配分模式与上地壳和也拉香波穹隆核部的高级变质岩相似,Th强烈富集和Nb明显亏损等表明该岩体强烈过铝,具S型花岗岩的地球化学属性,其源区可能为喜马拉雅中下地壳岩石.Yb-Ta、(Y Nb)-Rb、CaO-(TFeO MgO)和SiO2-(TFeO/(TFeO UgO))构造环境判别图解表明,该岩体形成于陆陆碰撞环境.结合岩体的锆石SHRIMP定年结果及岩体产出的区域地质背景,我们认为打拉花岗岩体侵位于印度与欧亚大陆主碰撞阶段,岩浆的形成与两大陆的碰撞导致地壳缩短加压升温引起喜马拉雅中下地壳部分熔融有关,是俯冲碰撞带下盘对陆-陆主碰撞作用的响应.  相似文献   

Structure and metamorphism of the Karakorum gneisses in the Braldu-Baltoro Valley (North Pakistan)     

Jean-Michel Bertrand  Jean-Robert Kienast  Jean-Luc Pinardon 《Geodinamica Acta》2013,26(3):135-150

Abstract

The Karakorum gneisses outcrop north of the complex suture separating the Indian-Pakistan plate from the Europe-Asia block; they grade to deformed earlier members of the Karakorum batholith ranging in age from Cretaceous to Miocene and are cross-cut by its later members. The main interest of the region lies in the fact that very young high-grade gneisses (Miocene), outline the southern edge of the Europe-Asia Plate. The tectonic and metamorpic evolution of the Braldu-Baltoro region is interpreted here as resulting from a poly phased history. The following structural sequence has been defined : - (1) A Dl isoclinal folding was accompanied by subparallel healed shear zones and by intense boudinage, and cross-cut by a dense net of post-Dl hetero-geneous leucogranitic veins and stocks; - (2) a major phase of EW trending recumbent folds (D2), is followed by (3) large open D3 folds generating EW trending domai structures (Dassu and Panmah domes); and (4) a late set of brittle to locally more ductile structures such as the southern thrust contact of the Karakorum gneisses with the Shyok suture zone. The sequence proposed here differs from other interpretations (Rex et al. 1988). We consider that the Dl event only may be attributed to the main India-Asia collision and that the D2-D3 events, interpreted as having occurred in a continuum, correspond to a late reactivation of the major thrusts and sutures related to continuing continental subduction.

A Dl-related intermediate pressure assemblage is preserved (Grt-St-Ky) in the upper levels of the tectonic pile; the estimated PT conditions determined are 10-4 Kb and 700°--525°C. In the core of the large D3 domes, late granoblastic recrystallization is widespread together with almost complete S1-S2 transposition, incipient melting and development of a low-pressure sillimanite-bearing assemblage where relicts of higher pressure minerals are locally preserved. Corresponding PT conditions are 650°-550°C and a lower pressure (5.5 to 2.5 Kb). As most of the observed structures at the lower levels (mineral lineations, boudinage) are clearly associated with (or reworked by) D2 and accentuated by D3 which was accompagnied by partial melting, D2 and D3 are interpreted as representing a continuum developed in the same PT field. It can be assumed also that the Baltoro granite was emplaced by the end of this combined D2-D3 event. From the Miocene ages published for the Baltoro granite (20 Ma to 8 Ma), the low-pressure evolution of the Karakorum gneisses may represent a very young high-grade assemblage. The age of Dl is less defined but at least older than 36 Ma old leucogranites.

The sharp contact along the Shyok Suture zone, interpreted as a large thrust (Main Karakorum Thrust - MKT) of this young high-grade metamorphic terrene against the older (older than 30-45 Ma from late undeformed intrusives) Kohistan-Ladakh island-arc domain, is interpreted, following Mattauer (1985), as resulting from the interaction between the still-ongoing northward movement of the Indo-Pakistan plate and an opposite southward continental subduction, seismically active, operating in Pamir.  相似文献   

Lithospheric folding in the southern North Sea: combined effects of Alpine compression and North Atlantic Ocean opening     

《Geodinamica Acta》2013,26(6):401-405

Late Cretaceous to Palaeogene graben inversion in the southern North Sea is classically related to Alpine compression. Regional deformation analysis of Upper Cretaceous sediments based on seismic and well data reveals the existence of large-scale NW-SE folds. Folding patterns are interpreted as the result of lithospheric buckling during NE-SW shortening. We suggest that graben inversion at the scale of the southern North Sea is only a part of a more general process, involving lithospheric folding. Folding developed in response to two major plate boundary conditions, that is, E-W to NE-SW opening of the Atlantic Ocean constrained to the southeast by N-S Alpine collision. Lithospheric folding might have influenced both the oil generation process and reservoir properties in this area.  相似文献   

拉萨地块北部~90Ma斑岩型矿床年代学及成矿地质背景   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

王保弟  许继峰  刘保民  陈建林  王立全  郭琳  王冬兵  张万平 《地质学报》2013,87(1):71-80

近年来青藏高原多个大型—超大型斑岩Cu-Mo-Au矿床的发现已引起人们广泛的关注,现有研究显示这些含矿斑岩和斑岩型矿床的形成年龄主要集中在120～110Ma、～90Ma、54～45Ma和18～12Ma4个阶段,其中90Ma左右的斑岩型矿床的成矿地质背景仍存在很大争议。本文报道拉萨地块北部尼玛县拔拉扎斑岩型矿床含矿斑岩的LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb定年以及辉钼矿Re-Os定年结果,并分析了该期的成矿地质背景。两件花岗闪长斑岩锆石206Pb/238U加权平均年龄分别为92.1±1.2Ma、93.8±1.2Ma,代表了岩浆的结晶时代;而辉钼矿Re-Os模式年龄为88.2～89.6Ma,代表了拔拉扎矿床的成矿年龄。依据区域地质资料,本文认为拉萨地块北部～90Ma岩浆活动和成矿作用既不可能是雅鲁藏布江结合带所代表的新特提斯洋平板俯冲或洋脊俯冲的产物,也不可能是班公湖-怒江洋盆南向俯冲消减直接的产物,而很可能是班公湖-怒江洋盆俯冲消减闭合之后碰撞过程的产物。因此本文认为拉萨地块中北部地区～90Ma的岩浆作用及其成矿作用是形成于碰撞的构造背景。  相似文献   

康古尔塔格碰撞带中酸性侵入岩成因类型     

《地球科学与环境学报》1997,(4)

从地球化学特征入手对康古尔塔格碰撞带中酸性侵入岩的成因类型和构造环境进行了探讨。认为该带花岗岩类岩石以第Ⅰ组和第Ⅱ组为主，第Ⅲ组为辅。此外，尚有部分第Ⅳ组碱性玄武岩。  相似文献   

Two-dimensional simulations of surface deformation caused by slab detachment   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Susanne J.H. Buiter  Rob Govers  M.J.R. Wortel 《Tectonophysics》2002,354(3-4)

Detachment of the deeper part of subducted lithosphere causes changes in a subduction zone system which may be observed on the Earth's surface. Constraints on the expected magnitudes of these surface effects can aid in the interpretation of geological observations near convergent plate margins where detachment is expected. In this study, we quantify surface deformation caused by detachment of subducted lithosphere. We determine the range of displacement magnitudes which can be associated with slab detachment using numerical models. The lithospheric plates in our models have an effective elastic thickness, which provides an upper bound for rapid processes, like slab detachment, to the surface deformation of lithosphere with a more realistic rheology. The surface topography which develops during subduction is compared with the topography shortly after detachment is imposed. Subduction with a non-migrating trench system followed by detachment leads to a maximum surface uplift of 2–6 km, while this may be higher for the case of roll-back preceding detachment. In the latter situation, the back-arc basin may experience a phase of compression after detachment. Within the context of our elastic model, the surface uplift resulting from slab detachment is sensitive to the depth of detachment, a change in friction on the subduction fault during detachment and viscous stresses generated by sinking of the detached part of the slab. Overall, surface uplift of these magnitudes is not diagnostic of slab detachment since variations during ongoing subduction may result in similar vertical surface displacements.  相似文献   

中国矿物岩石地球化学学会第六届侯德封奖评选委员会公告   总被引：11，自引：1，他引：11  

中国矿物岩石地球化学学会 《岩石学报》1996,12(4):627-628

内蒙古苏左旗地区古生代造山带中的花岗岩可分成两个序列，即白音宝力道序列和巴颜哈拉图序列。前者主要由角闪闪长岩、石英闪长岩、英云闪长岩及花岗闪长岩等同源岩石组成，化学成分以富ＦｅＯ、ＭｇＯ、Ｎａ２Ｏ、Ｃｏ、Ｎｉ、Ｓｒ和贫ＳｉＯ２、Ｋ２Ｏ、Ｒｂ为特征，稀土分布型式为平坦型，负铕异常不明显，单颗粒锆石Ｕ－Ｐｂ同位素年龄为４１４～４１８Ｍａ。后者主要由花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩和钾长花岗岩组成，化学成分以富ＳｉＯ２、Ｋ２Ｏ、Ｒｂ和贫ＣａＯ、ＦｅＯ、ＭｇＯ、Ｃｏ、Ｓｒ为特征，轻重稀土较强分馏，负铕异常明显，单颗粒锆石Ｕ－Ｐｂ同位素年龄为３６３Ｍａ。两个序列花岗岩在空间上密切共生，均呈近东西向带状分布，并平行于其南侧的早古生代蛇绿混杂带和高压蓝片岩带。白音宝力道序列属于岛弧型花岗岩类（Ｉ型），巴颜哈拉图序列属于碰撞型花岗岩类（Ｓ型），在构造上它们分别代表古生代期间华北板块相对南蒙微板块俯冲及其互相碰撞阶段的产物  相似文献