Ionospheric corrections of MARSIS subsurface sounding signals with filters including collision frequency     

Zhenfei Zhang  Erling Nielsen  Roberto Orosei 《Planetary and Space Science》2009,57(3):393-403

Ionospheric corrections of Mars advanced radar for subsurface and ionosphere sounding (MARSIS) subsurface sounding signals are necessary before they can be further analyzed. Usually the ionosphere correction only considers the phase dispersion owing to the electron densities. In this paper we show that if the electron-neutral collision frequency is included in the correction filter, the signal-to-noise ratio of the processed signal can be further maximized and the spatial resolution of the signal be improved. Three different models of the ionosphere profile have been studied, and it is shown that a uniform slab model, of both densities and collisions, is feasible and probably the best choice when implementing the correction filter including collisions. The physical significance of the parameters obtained with the uniform model (equivalent parameters) is discussed, and it is shown that they are useful for the estimation of the real physical parameters of the ionosphere. We developed a recursive, random search algorithm to facilitate the realization of the correction process with the filter including collision frequency.  相似文献   

渤海湾地区一次碰撞型海风锋天气过程的数值模拟分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

梁钊明  高守亭  王彦 《气候与环境研究》2013,18(6):733-745

利用WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting)模式对渤海湾地区2009年9月26日一次碰撞型海风锋天气过程进行了数值模拟分析,模拟结果较好地重现了这次天气过程以及海风锋的结构和特征。结果显示,海风锋锋后是较为深厚的对流不稳定能量和水汽高值区,锋后水汽高值区的形成源于海风的堆积和往高空输送,而锋后对流不稳定能量的产生归因于抬升凝结高度和自由对流高度的降低以及平衡高度的升高,这些高度变化则源于冷湿海风给低层大气带来的降温和增湿,其中给低层大气带来的增湿是主要影响因子。对流系统与海风锋相向碰撞时,对流系统容易进入海风锋锋后触发强对流不稳定能量形成强对流运动,同时弱对流抑制为对流运动的触发提供了有利的条件,强对流运动把海风锋锋后充沛的水汽往上输送,从而造成强降水天气。另外,对流系统与海风锋碰撞后沿着海风锋锋后移动可能更有利于对流运动的发展和维持。  相似文献   

中国三大地块的碰撞拼合与古欧亚大陆的重建   总被引：26，自引：4，他引：26  

马醒华  杨振宇 《地球物理学报》1993,36(4):476-488

根据最新取得的华北地块的古地磁数据,并与目前收集到的按一定判据经过筛选的华南地块、塔里木地块、蒙古褶皱带与中亚褶皱带、西伯利亚板块以及稳定欧亚大陆的数据对比分析,对中国三大地块--华北、华南、塔里木地块的碰撞、拼合及其与北邻的西伯利亚板块的构造关系,进行了初步的讨论,并尝试作了古欧亚大陆的重建.  相似文献   

The Misis–Andırın Complex: a Mid-Tertiary melange related to late-stage subduction of the Southern Neotethys in S Turkey     

Alastair Robertson  Ülvi Can Unlügen  Nurdan nan  Kemal Ta li 《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2004,22(5):413

The Mid-Tertiary (Mid-Eocene to earliest Miocene) Misis–Andırın Complex documents tectonic-sedimentary processes affecting the northerly, active margin of the South Tethys (Neotethys) in the easternmost Mediterranean region. Each of three orogenic segments, Misis (in the SW), Andırın (central) and Engizek (in the NE) represent parts of an originally continuous active continental margin. A structurally lower Volcanic-Sedimentary Unit includes Late Cretaceous arc-related extrusives and their Lower Tertiary pelagic cover. This unit is interpreted as an Early Tertiary remnant of the Mesozoic South Tethys. The overlying melange unit is dominated by tectonically brecciated blocks (>100 m across) of Mesozoic neritic limestone that were derived from the Tauride carbonate platform to the north, together with accreted ophiolitic material. The melange matrix comprises polymict debris flows, high- to low-density turbidites and minor hemipelagic sediments.The Misis–Andırın Complex is interpreted as an accretionary prism related to the latest stages of northward subduction of the South Tethys and diachronous continental collision of the Tauride (Eurasian) and Arabian (African) plates during Mid-Eocene to earliest Miocene time. Slivers of Upper Cretaceous oceanic crust and its Early Tertiary pelagic cover were accreted, while blocks of Mesozoic platform carbonates slid from the overriding plate. Tectonic mixing and sedimentary recycling took place within a trench. Subduction culminated in large-scale collapse of the overriding (northern) margin and foundering of vast blocks of neritic carbonate into the trench. A possible cause was rapid roll back of dense downgoing Mesozoic oceanic crust, such that the accretionary wedge taper was extended leading to gravity collapse. Melange formation was terminated by underthrusting of the Arabian plate from the south during earliest Miocene time.Collision was diachronous. In the east (Engizek Range and SE Anatolia) collision generated a Lower Miocene flexural basin infilled with turbidites and a flexural bulge to the south. Miocene turbiditic sediments also covered the former accretionary prism. Further west (Misis Range) the easternmost Mediterranean remained in a pre-collisional setting with northward underthrusting (incipient subduction) along the Cyprus arc. The Lower Miocene basins to the north (Misis and Adana) indicate an extensional (to transtensional) setting. The NE–SW linking segment (Andırın) probably originated as a Mesozoic palaeogeographic offset of the Tauride margin. This was reactivated by strike-slip (and transtension) during Later Tertiary diachronous collision. Related to on-going plate convergence the former accretionary wedge (upper plate) was thrust over the Lower Miocene turbiditic basins in Mid–Late Miocene time. The Plio-Quaternary was dominated by left-lateral strike-slip along the East Anatolian transform fault and also along fault strands cutting the Misis–Andırın Complex.  相似文献   

Evidence for Proterozoic Collision from Airborne Magnetic and Gravity Studies in Southern Granulite Terrain, India and Signatures of Recent Tectonic Activity in the Palghat Gap     

D.C. Mishra  V. Vijaya Kumar 《Gondwana Research》2005,8(1):43-54

The composite airborne total intensity map of the Southern Granulite Terrain (SGT) at an average elevation of 7000' (≈ 2100 m) shows bands of bipolar regional magnetic anomalies parallel to the structural trends suggesting the distribution of mafic/ultramafic rocks that are controlled by regional structures/shear zones and thrusts in this region. The spectrum and the apparent susceptibility map computed from the observed airborne magnetic anomalies provide bands of high susceptibility zones in the upper crust associated with known shear zones/thrusts such as Transition Zone, Moyar-Bhavani and Palghat-Cauvery Shear Zones (MBSZ and PCSZ). The quantitative modelling of magnetic anomalies across Transition Zone, MBSZ and PCSZ suggest the presence of mafic rocks of susceptibility (1.5-4.0 × 10⁻³ CGS units) in upper crust from 8-10 km extending up to about 21-22 km, which may represent the level of Curie point geotherm as indicated by high upper mantle heat flow in this section.Two sets of paired gravity anomalies in SGT and their modelling with seismic constraints suggest gravity highs and lows to be caused by high density mafic rocks along Transition Zone and Cauvery Shear Zone (CSZ) in the upper crust at depth of 6-8 km and crustal thickening of 45-46 km south of them, respectively. High susceptibility and high density rocks (2.8 g/cm³) along these shear zones supported by high velocity, high conductivity and tectonic settings suggest lower crustal mafic/ultramafic granulite rocks thrusted along them. These signatures with lower crustal rocks of metamorphic ages of 2.6-2.5 Ga north of PCSZ and Neoproterozoic period (0.6-0.5 Ga) south of it suggest that the SGT represents mosaic of accreted crust due to compression and thrusting. These observations along with N-verging thrusts and dipping reflectors from Dharwar Craton to SGT suggest two stages of N-S directed compression: (i) between Dharwar Craton and northern block of SGT during 2.6-2.5 Ga with Transition Zone and Moyar Shear towards the west as thrust, and (ii) between northern and southern blocks of SGT with CSZ as collision zone and PCSZ as thrust during Neoproterozoic period (0.6-0.5 Ga). The latter event may even represent just a compressive phase without any collision related to Pan-African event. The proposed sutures in both these cases separate gravity highs and lows of paired gravity anomalies towards north and south, respectively. The magnetic anomalies and causative sources related to Moyar Shear, MBSZ and PCSZ join with those due to Transition Zone, Mettur and Gangavalli Shears in their eastern parts, respectively to form an arcuate-shaped diffused collision zone during 2.6-2.5 Ga.Most of the Proterozoic collision zones are highlands/plateaus but the CSZ also known as the Palghat Gap represents a low lying strip of 80-100 km width, which however, appears to be related to recent tectonic activities as indicated by high upper mantle heat flow and thin crust in this section. It is supported by low density, low velocity and high conductive layer under CSZ and seismic activity in this region as observed in case of passive rift valleys. They may be caused by asthenospheric upwarping along pre-existing faults/thrusts (MBSZ and PCSZ) due to plate tectonic forces after the collision of Indian and Eurasian plates since Miocene time.  相似文献   

川西喜马拉雅期碰撞造山带岩浆碳酸岩的地幔源区特征——Pb-Sr-Nd同位素证据   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

田世洪  侯增谦  袁忠信谢玉玲费红彩尹淑苹衣龙升杨志明 《岩石学报》2006,22(3):669-677

对形成于大陆碰撞带内的川西碳酸岩进行了详细的Pb-Sr-Nd同位素分析.结果表明,川西碳酸岩具有非常负的εNd值（-3.2～-18.7）和高的（^87Sr/^86Sr）i值（0.706020～0.707923）,以及较宽的^207Pb/^204Pb值（15.362～15.679）和^208Pb/^204Pb值（38.083～39.202）的特征,明显不同于世界上由非造山作用形成的碳酸岩.它们的Sr-Nd、Pb-Pb、Sr-Pb和Nd-Pb同位素特征表明大多数碳酸岩来源于EM Ⅰ与EMⅡ之间的一种混合地幔,与元古宙不同质量比的深海/陆源沉积物和下覆的似MORB由俯冲作用引起的洋壳的再循环有关,而少数碳酸岩则受到地壳物质混染的结果.此外,通过动力学背景分析可以得出,富集地幔EM Ⅰ与EMⅡ之间的熔融产生了川西碳酸岩以及同时代的富钾岩浆岩,这种熔融可能是由于印度大陆板片与扬子大陆板片俯冲引起的新生代软流圈物质的上涌产生的,并发生于青藏高原东缘始新世-渐新世分界线的从转换压扭变形向转换张扭变形的转变过渡的构造背景下.  相似文献   

一条早前寒武纪的陆-陆碰撞造山带——华北克拉通北缘中西部麻粒岩相带          下载免费PDF全文

赵靖  钱祥麟 《地质科学》1996,31(4):342-352

详细的野外调查、原岩建造、变质作用、变形作用以及同位素年代学研究表明,华北克拉通北缘中西部麻粒岩相带是我国迄今能识别的最老的陆-陆碰撞造山带的根带,可与世界上著名的南非Limpopo碰撞造山带对比。  相似文献   

大别山东段双变质带特征和古构造演化   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7       下载免费PDF全文

马宝林  张兆忠 《地震地质》1988,10(2):19

本文采用变质作用和叠加变质作用分析方法在大别山东段建立了高压低温变质带和与之对应的高温低压变质带。高压低温变质带和高温低压变质带具有典型的古地热梯度、标型矿物及其组合;后者还广泛发育混合岩化和花岗岩化,在大别山中部地区构成一条典型的热轴。双变质带是北淮阳深蚀的地缝合带重要组成部分,是划分古板块边界重要依据之一。它的发现进一步明确了该区古构造环境和演化  相似文献   

The Tornquist Sea and Baltica–Avalonia docking     

Trond H. Torsvik  Emma F. Rehnstrm 《Tectonophysics》2003,362(1-4):67-82

Early Ordovician (Late Arenig) limestones from the SW margin of Baltica (Scania–Bornholm) have multicomponent magnetic signatures, but high unblocking components predating folding, and the corresponding palaeomagnetic pole (latitude=19°N, LONGITUDE=051°E) compares well with Arenig reference poles from Baltica. Collectively, the Arenig poles demonstrate a midsoutherly latitudinal position for Baltica, then separated from Avalonia by the Tornquist Sea.Tornquist Sea closure and the Baltica–Avalonia convergence history are evidenced from faunal mixing and increased resemblance in palaeomagnetically determined palaeolatitudes for Avalonia and Baltica during the Mid-Late Ordovician. By the Caradoc, Avalonia had drifted to palaeolatitudes compatible with those of SW Baltica, and subduction beneath Eastern Avalonia was taking place. We propose that explosive vents associated with this subduction and related to Andean-type magmatism in Avalonia were the source for the gigantic Mid-Caradoc (c. 455 Ma) ash fall in Baltica (i.e. the Kinnekulle bentonite). Avalonia was located south of the subtropical high during most of the Ordovician, and this would have provided an optimum palaeoposition to supply Baltica with large ash falls governed by westerly winds.In Scania, we observe a persistent palaeomagnetic overprint of Late Ordovician (Ashgill) age (pole: LATITUDE=4°S, LONGITUDE=012°E). The remagnetisation was probably spurred by tectonic-derived fluids since burial alone is inadequate to explain this remagnetisation event. This is the first record of a Late Ordovician event in Scania, but it is comparable with the Shelveian event in Avalonia, low-grade metamorphism in the North Sea basement of NE Germany (440–450 Ma), and sheds new light on the Baltica–Avalonia docking.  相似文献   

Paleogene island arc collision-related conglomerates, Yarlung–Tsangpo suture zone, Tibet     

Aileen M. Davis  Jonathan C. Aitchison  Badengzhu  Hui Luo  Sergei Zyabrev 《Sedimentary Geology》2002,150(3-4):247-273

Coarse clastic rocks in the Liuqu Conglomerate, formed in both terrestrial and subaqueous settings, record a Paleogene phase in the tectonic evolution of Tibet. Facies changes are commonly abrupt with rapid changes in clast types, grain size and stratal patterns. Sediments were derived from the leading (northern) edge of the Indian margin and a Late Jurassic–Cretaceous intraoceanic island arc that lay within Tethys. The coarse clastic sedimentary rocks of the Liuqu conglomerates are extremely proximal, but are locally offset relative to their original source terranes. They record aspects of the history of collision between these terranes and are interpreted to have been deposited in oblique–slip basins that developed along the zone of collision. The absence of clasts derived from terranes to the north of the Yarlung–Tsangpo suture suggests that basins associated with deposition of the Liuqu Conglomerate developed prior to the final collision between India and Asia.  相似文献