塔里木盆地西北缘野外溶蚀试验研究   总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3  

唐健生  夏日元  邹胜章  梁彬 《中国岩溶》2004,23(3):234-237

塔里木盆地西北缘的天山南麓地处暖温带大陆性干旱气候区,碳酸盐岩广为出露。采用灰岩和白云岩溶蚀试片进行了野外溶蚀试验,得出灰岩和白云岩的溶蚀速度达到0. 281～ 0. 404mm /ka; 镜下鉴定,观察到溶蚀形成的微溶缝和溶孔,缝宽0. 05～ 0.2mm,孔径一般0. 1～ 0. 25mm,反映了在大陆性干旱气候条件下,降水下渗溶滤对岩溶孔缝洞的形成起到重要作用。   相似文献   

Reactive transport modelling of the long-term interactions of corrosion products and compacted bentonite in a HLW repository in granite: Uncertainties and relevance for performance assessment     

《Applied Geochemistry》2016

Here we present a long-term nonisothermal reactive transport model for the interactions of the corrosion products of a carbon-steel canister and the compacted bentonite of the engineered barrier of a high-level radioactive waste repository in granite. Canister corrosion causes an increase in the pH and the concentration of dissolved Fe²⁺ of the bentonite porewater. Iron precipitates as magnetite and siderite and sorbs via cation exchange and surface complexation on weak sites. Magnetite precipitation reduces significantly the porosity of the bentonite near the canister. The thickness of the zone of reduced porosity is 7 cm at t = 1 Ma. This thickness increases significantly when the dependence of the corrosion rate on the chemical conditions is considered and decreases 3 cm when smectite dissolution and analcime precipitation are taken into account. Model results are not significantly sensitive to the thermal transient and the effect of temperature on the corrosion rate. The conclusions of our simulations are consistent for the most part with those reported by others for engineered barrier systems at similar chemical conditions.  相似文献   

钢材在海水—海气变换界面区的腐蚀行为     

侯保荣  西方篤  水流徹 《海洋与湖沼》1995,26(5):514-519

于1993年9月通过对241A，24KU，SS41三个不同钢种极化曲线的测定，对镜层本身的氧化还原电流的测定及X线分析，研究在海水一海气交换界面区锈层在腐蚀中所起的作用。结果表明，海一气交换界面区的钢由于锈层本身的氧化还原反应，其阴极电流均较裸钢为大，这说明锈层的还原反应起着重要作用．根据锈层本身的还原时间和还原电位，可以在某种程度上评价钢材本身耐腐蚀性能的好坏。  相似文献   

Artificial neural networks and their application to assessment of ultimate strength of plates with pitting corrosion   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Duo Ok  Yongchang Pu  Atilla Incecik 《Ocean Engineering》2007,34(17-18):2222-2230

The potential for the structural capability degrading effects of both corrosion and fatigue induced cracks are of profound importance and must be both fully understood and reflected in vessel's inspection and maintenance programme. Corrosion has been studied and quantified by many researchers, however its effect on structural integrity is still subject to uncertainty, particularly with regards to localized corrosion. The present study is focused on assessing the effects of localized pitting corrosion on the ultimate strength of unstiffened plates. Over 265 non-linear finite-element analyses of panels with various locations and sizes of pitting corrosion have been carried out. The results indicate that the length, breadth and depth of pit corrosion have weakening effects on the ultimate strength of the plates while plate slenderness has only marginal effect on strength reduction. Transverse location of pit corrosion is also an important factor determining the amount of strength reduction. When corrosion spreads transversely on both edges, it has the most deteriorating effect on strength. In addition, artificial neural network (ANN) method is applied to derive a formula to predict ultimate strength reduction of locally corroded plates. It is found out that the proposed formulae can accurately predict the ultimate strength of locally corroded plates under uniaxial in-plane compression.  相似文献   

海水流动对A3钢腐蚀速度的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

唐晓  王佳  李焰 《海洋科学》2005,29(7):26-29

为了定量考察海水的流动对钢铁材料在海水中的腐蚀速度的影响,通过室内和实海挂片失重测试比较了A3钢在静止和流动海水中的腐蚀速度差异,并在控制流速条件下使用动电位法测试了A3钢的腐蚀速度,同时测试了不同流速海水中的环境参量。室内和实海挂片失重测试比较结果表明,海水流动能够加快A3钢在海水中的腐蚀速度,腐蚀初期尤其明显。在控制流速条件下采用动电位极化方法测试了腐蚀初期A3钢的腐蚀速度,并且通过拟合处理得到了海水流动对其腐蚀速度影响因子的表达式。  相似文献   

海藻组分抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶活性研究   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

张翼  冯妍  李晓明  王斌贵 《海洋与湖沼》2005,36(5):459-464

采用乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂活性筛选模型对采自青岛沿海的22种海藻样品提取物的石油醚组分和乙酸乙酯组分进行了活性筛选.结果表明,22种海藻的石油醚组分均具有不同程度的乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性,其中亮管藻、海头红、鸭毛藻和孔石莼表现出较强的活性,在浓度为50μg/ml时的抑制率均大于50.0%,分别为50.5%、55.5%、56.6%和65.8%;其他大部分海藻的抑制率在30.1%到48.9%之间.与石油醚组分不同的是,只有少数海藻的乙酸乙酯组分表现出乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性,其中鸭毛藻的活性最为显著,在浓度为25μg/ml时抑制率高达71.8%;孔石莼的乙酸乙酯组分也具有较强的抑制活性;其余海藻的乙酸乙酯组分对乙酰胆碱酯酶的抑制活性较弱,有些不仅没有活性,反而表现出不同程度的增强作用.  相似文献   

钢在海洋沉积物中的腐蚀电化学测量技术   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

黄彦良  侯保荣 《海洋与湖沼》1999,30(1):25-27

１９９８年３月在中国科学院海洋研究所设计了一个新型电解池,以满足试样在海洋沉积物中极化曲线测量的需要。该电解池装有二个参比电极,它们距工作电极之间的距离可以精确调节。介质电阻对极化曲线的影响可以计算不同电位下的介质电阻予以消除,模拟电路和实际体系的测量结果表明,该实验技术可以用于海洋沉积物腐蚀电化学的研究中。  相似文献   

大布苏湖东岸“狼牙棒”地形成因探讨   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

朱庆革  梁秀娟 《吉林地质》1991,10(1):75-78,T001

经野外实地勘查研究,并采取土样进行易溶盐、孢粉分析,结合地貌形态特征与化验成果进行研究论证,认为“狼牙棒”地形的形成与其特殊的岩性条件和内、外动力地质作用相关,对“狼牙棒”地形形成机理进行探讨。  相似文献   

Alteration of nuclear glass in contact with iron and claystone at 90 °C under anoxic conditions: Characterization of the alteration products after two years of interaction     

《Applied Geochemistry》2016

The present study investigates the alteration of a fractured glass block in contact with iron and Callovo-Oxfordian claystone at 90 °C under anoxic and water-saturated conditions. The alteration rates and the nature of glass alteration products at the different compact interfaces (glass-clay, glass-iron) and in cracks were assessed by solution chemistry and microscopic-scale techniques (scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray microscopy, microRaman spectroscopy, and X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy). A significant but modest (two-fold) increase in glass alteration in contact with steel was observed, leading to an average alteration rate over the experiment of about 0.007–0.014 g/m²/d. This rate is significantly lower than forward rate r₀ in clay-equilibrated groundwater (1.7 g/m²/d), indicating that a decrease of the alteration rate was not hindered by the steel presence. The corrosion–alteration interface was made up of successive layers of corrosion products in contact with iron, a layer of Fe silicates, and an altered glass layer enriched in Fe. Characterization of the glass block in direct contact with claystone revealed that the thickness of altered glass was much more important than at the glass-iron interface. The altered glass layer in contact with clay was slightly enriched in Fe and Mg, and depleted in alkali cations. Altered glass layers in cracks were usually limited to fringes thinner than 2 μm, with a thickness decreasing from the crack mouth, indicating that alteration is controlled by transport in the cracks. The fractures were partially filled with calcite and lanthanide hydroxocarbonate precipitates. These results contribute to the understanding of nuclear vitrified waste-iron-corrosion products interactions in a deep geological repository.  相似文献   

Bacteria,fungi and biokarst in Lechuguilla Cave,Carlsbad Caverns National Park,New Mexico   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

K. I. Cunningham  D. E. Northup  R. M. Pollastro  W. G. Wright  E. J. LaRock 《Environmental Geology》1995,25(1):2-8

Lechuguilla Cave is a deep, extensive, gypsumand sulfur-bearing hypogenic cave in Carlsbad Caverns National Park, New Mexico, most of which (>90%) lies more than 300 m beneath the entrance. Located in the arid Guadalupe Mountains, Lechuguilla's remarkable state of preservation is partially due to the locally continuous Yates Formation siltstone that has effectively diverted most vadose water away from the cave. Allocthonous organic input to the cave is therefore very limited, but bacterial and fungal colonization is relatively extensive: (1)Aspergillus sp. fungi and unidentified bacteria are associated with iron-, manganese-, and sulfur-rich encrustations on calcitic folia near the suspected water table 466 m below the entrance; (2) 92 species of fungi in 19 genera have been identified throughout the cave in oligotrophic (nutrient-poor) soils and pools; (3) cave-air condensate contains unidentified microbes; (4) indigenous chemoheterotrophicSeliberius andCaulobacter bacteria are known from remote pool sites; and (5) at least four genera of heterotrophic bacteria with population densities near 5×10⁵ colony-forming units (CFU) per gram are present in ceiling-bound deposits of supposedly abiogenic condensation-corrosion residues. Various lines of evidence suggest that autotrophic bacteria are present in the ceiling-bound residues and could act as primary producers in a unique subterranean microbial food chain. The suspected autotrophic bacteria are probably chemolithoautotrophic (CLA), utilizing trace iron, manganese, or sulfur in the limestone and dolomitic bedrock to mechanically (and possibly biochemically) erode the substrate to produce residual floor deposits. Because other major sources of organic matter have not been detected, we suggest that these CLA bacteria are providing requisite organic matter to the known heterotrophic bacteria and fungi in the residues. The cavewide bacterial and fungal distribution, the large volumes of corrosion residues, and the presence of ancient bacterial filaments in unusual calcite speleothems (biothems) attest to the apparent longevity of microbial occupation in this cave.  相似文献