宁波沿海陆源排污口蓝藻(Cyanobacteria)和裸藻纲(Euglenoidea)生物的分布特点   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

谢利  王朝阳  张迪骏  周君  司开学  张红燕  韩姣姣  崔晨茜  董丽莎  苏秀榕 《海洋与湖沼》2016,47(1):188-194

采用高通量454焦磷酸测序方法对宁波沿海2个重点排污口、8个一般排污口的20个站位水样进行分析,得到2011年的3月、5月、8月和10月份各排污口蓝藻和含叶绿体单细胞生物的分布情况。研究结果表明:宁波沿海陆源排污口中含叶绿体单细胞生物数量最多,占91.857%,包括眼虫门(Euglenozoa)、绿藻门(Chlorophyta)、隐藻门(Cryptophyta)生物。其中主要为眼虫门的裸藻纲(Euglenoidea)生物占90.08%。蓝藻门的集球藻目(Synechococcophycideae)和颤藻亚目(Oscillatoriophycideae)含量相对较多,分别占5.70%和1.79%;排污口中裸藻纲生物数量季节性差异比较大,3月份、8月份数量相对较多,5月份和10月份较少,推测这类生物的数量与季节性温度变化有关;各排污口污染物、这两类生物检出量和种类有一定差异,在氮磷含量高的排污口(如S9号)其检出量并不高,推测检出量与排污口的主要污染物中氨氮含量没有直接关系,可能受氮磷比的影响。  相似文献   

Cyanobacterial toxins in Italian freshwaters   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Valentina Messineo  Serena Melchiorre  Antonella Lugliè  Maria Antonietta Mariani  Antonio Di Corcia  Ermanno Carloni 《Limnologica》2009,39(2):95-106

This study focuses on the occurrence and distribution of cyanobacterial toxins from 1989 to 2006 in several Italian lakes of different characteristics and human uses, the latter including drinking water abstraction and recreation. Phytoplankton and LC/MS/MS toxin analyses were performed on surface water samples collected from 28 lakes. The most widespread species associated with toxin production belonged to the genera Microcystis, Planktothrix and Anabaena. Extracellular concentrations varied from non-detectable values up to 226.16 ng/mL for microcystins (sum of all variants), to 126 ng/mL for total cylindrospermopsin, and to 100 μg/g (dry weight) for anatoxin-a.The toxin concentrations in the lake waters did not always correlate with the cyanobacteria cell densities. This implies a need for control studies including toxin detection in water together with microscopic cell evaluations, in order to avoid possible toxin underestimates.  相似文献   

基于高频高光谱近感观测量化风对蓝藻水华的影响     

杨华音  张运林  李娜  张毅博  孙晓  王玮佳 《湖泊科学》2023,35(6):1927-1938

全球气候变化显著影响湖泊理化环境和生态系统演化,对生态系统服务造成负面影响甚至引发生态系统灾变,其中风速下降可能促使富营养化湖泊蓝藻水华的暴发和水面漂浮集聚。以往由于较低的观测频次,往往很难精细量化风对蓝藻水华的影响。利用陆基高光谱近感观测技术,基于分钟小时尺度开展周年高频观测,通过对6—10月蓝藻生长期太湖表层水体叶绿素a浓度统计分析,量化蓝藻水华高频动态变化特征,确定蓝藻水华漂浮集聚的风速阈值。研究发现,随着风速的下降,水体表层叶绿素a浓度随之增加,蓝藻水华出现概率也随之增加。概率分析显示,当近地面风速小于2.5 m/s时,湖泊表层比较容易形成明显肉眼可见的蓝藻水华,藻华发生概率为55.1%。长时间持续的低风速容易诱发蓝藻水华形成和漂浮集聚,强风浪事件后低风速出现1～2天叶绿素a往往就能恢复以往较高水平,这为管理者有效防控蓝藻水华提供了新视角。长期气象观测显示,气候变化影响下太湖地区风速呈现显著下降趋势,增加了蓝藻竞争优势和发生概率,有助于其在表面漂浮集聚。在未来的气候变化情景下,如果风速继续呈现下降趋势,在营养盐条件不变情况下湖泊表层蓝藻水华发生概率可能还会上升,增加蓝藻水华防控...  相似文献   

巢湖蓝藻死亡衰败过程中典型有害成分形成及控制对策   总被引：6，自引：4，他引：2  

李永慧  李玉成  王宁  吴涓 《湖泊科学》2012,24(4):513-518

蓝藻暴发及其打捞后的随意堆放,会产生藻毒素、多环芳烃、臭味气体等有毒物质.通过实验室模拟巢湖蓝藻死亡衰败过程,检测其中的有机元素、沥青(A)、饱和烃、芳烃等含量变化,探讨了死亡衰败阶段蓝藻有害成分尤其是多环芳烃等有毒物质的形成及控制对策.结果表明,蓝藻死亡衰败过程中,经兼性工艺处理的蓝藻其芳烃类总含量最低,多环芳烃的种类和含量也最低.单纯厌氧作用使芳烃含量略有升高,而单纯的好氧作用使饱和烃含量增高,并随作用时间的延长而增加,在好氧处理3个月的蓝藻中达到最高值.因此,本文认为兼性工艺处理的蓝藻最适于堆肥等资源化利用,其发酵液通入农田用作肥料,气体收集用于燃烧.并且提出依靠蓝藻死亡衰败过程中的藻胆蛋白、叶绿素等的荧光强度来监测其死亡衰败进程,进而控制其有害成分形成的对策.  相似文献   

Effects of fish and macrophytes on phytoplankton and zooplankton community structure in a subtropical freshwater reservoir     

《Limnologica》2017

Excessive macrophyte biomass and cyanobacterial blooms associated with eutrophication and possibly exotic fish frequently compromise freshwater systems. In this study, 20 large (∼3.2 m³), replicated enclosures were used to investigate the effects of piscivorous Australian bass (Macquaria novemaculeata), planktivorous gambusia (Gambusia holbrooki (Girard)), benthivorous carp (Cyprinus carpio), and macrophyte removal on water quality, as well as trophic interactions within the enclosures. Fish effects on reservoir water quality were carp > gambusia > bass. Cryptomonads spp. (54,083 cells/mL) and Anabaena spp. (47,983 cells/mL) increased significantly (63 and 23 fold, respectively) in carp enclosures, possibly because of physiological adaptation to low light, high turbidity, total phosphorus concentrations (TP) and low TN: TP ratios (N-limitation); a consequence of carp benthic grazing. Carp and gambusia caused an unconventional shift from smaller to medium sized zooplankton (e.g. Boeckella sp., Bosmina meridionalis), possibly a result of copepod nauplius grazing. In the subtropical system studied, fish-induced nutrient recycling appears more important to the outcome of bio-manipulation than grazing impacts. Macrophyte harvesting unexpectedly decreased phytoplankton biomass linked to declines in Euglenophyta and diatoms (Asterionella spp.). Cyanophyta (Oscillatoriales spp./Anabaena spp.) increased in response to macrophyte harvesting and was consistent with findings on European lakes that Cyanophyta abundance tends to be higher in the absence of macrophytes. Results indicate exotic fish removal, nutrient loading control and macrophyte conservation is important in these aquatic systems to maintain high water quality.  相似文献   

中国蓝藻的新记录属——双囊藻属(Geminocystis)及分类和生态学讨论     

马苏超  王一郎  敖鸿毅  虞功亮  李守淳  李仁辉 《湖泊科学》2019,31(1):236-242

现代分子生物学技术为蓝藻的生物多样性研究提供了更多信息和证据.单细胞蓝藻——双囊藻属（Geminocystis）是2009年从集胞藻（Synechocystis）分离出来的新属.2017年5月从青海湖的封闭子湖——月牙湖采集分离到一株单细胞蓝藻藻株,16S rRNA基因序列显示此藻株和双囊藻的藻种显示出最高的相似性,都在97%以上,并且在分子系统树聚为一束.此株的细胞结构以及超微结构显示,细胞纵轴具有窝式结构以及类囊体不规则的排列等双囊藻属所具有的特征.双囊藻是我国蓝藻的新报道纪录属,本研究还对双囊藻的分类和生态进行了讨论.  相似文献   

鄱阳湖不同湖区营养盐状态及藻类种群对比   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

彭宁彦  戴国飞  张伟  葛刚  杨平  郭春晶  方媛瑗 《湖泊科学》2018,30(5):1295-1308

在平水期、丰水期和枯水期对鄱阳湖典型天然碟形湖、人控湖汊和主湖区进行了水质、藻类和蓝藻毒素等对比调查,结果表明鄱阳湖各个湖区的水质与藻类种群等差异较大,蓝藻毒素浓度和底泥中铁含量的分布具有一定关联性.在各水文季节蓝藻均为人控湖汊藻类的主要优势种之一.平水期鄱阳湖藻类生物量(叶绿素a浓度)与水体的pH呈正相关关系,与采样点的水深呈负相关关系,碟形湖区水体营养盐浓度和藻类细胞密度均较其他湖区水体低.丰水期各湖区的水质差异相对较小,碟形湖藻类细胞密度仍低于其他湖区,但蓝藻已成为各湖区的优势种,该时期藻类生物量与水体总磷浓度及浊度呈正相关关系.枯水季鄱阳湖各水体藻类生物量与水体总氮浓度、铵态氮浓度及电导率呈正相关关系,碟形湖与主湖区发生了完全分离,水体流动性差,暴发蓝藻水华的风险较高.高温丰枯季节鄱阳湖水体蓝藻毒素浓度与底泥铁含量呈现一定的相关分布关系,底泥铁含量高的地方,其水体蓝藻毒素浓度通常比较高,应警惕鄱阳湖流域富铁红壤流失带来的湖区蓝藻水华风险加剧后果.上述研究结果将为鄱阳湖水环境的预警和污染控制提供科学指导.  相似文献   

寡—中营养型水体偶发性蓝藻水华的驱动因素分析——以南京方便水库为例     

陈文权  孟洋洋  单延功  李香华  王炜  张民 《湖泊科学》2022,34(5):1452-1460

寡—中营养型水体中,虽然营养盐水平偏低,但仍会偶发性出现较为严重的蓝藻水华现象,其具体机制仍有待深入探索研究. 本研究以偶发水华水体方便水库为例,通过历史数据分析和调查研究,探讨了其水华蓝藻的优势类群,并分析了蓝藻水华形成的主要驱动因素. 研究发现：方便水库优势的水华蓝藻为浮丝藻和长孢藻,这两种丝状蓝藻是发生偶发性蓝藻水华的潜在风险物种,其中浮丝藻的发生风险最高,风险时段为7—9月. 方便水库多年来营养盐浓度呈现下降的趋势,其中总氮浓度的下降趋势快于总磷浓度,整体有利于蓝藻水华的防控,但是营养盐的波动,尤其是随着降雨导致的地表径流入库对水体总磷的脉冲式补充,降低了水体氮磷比,增加了水库偶发蓝藻水华的风险; 在营养盐满足的条件下,水温、高锰酸盐指数和氧化还原电位是发生浮丝藻水华的主要驱动因素,氧化还原电位、水温和透明度是发生长孢藻水华的主要驱动因素. 本研究结果有助于提升对偶发性蓝藻水华机制的认识和应急处置工作的精准性.  相似文献   

Investigations on the Joint Occurrence of Anabaena spiroides Klebahn and Hyphomycetes in Various Types of Water Bodies     

B. Czeczuga  M. Orlowska 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2000,28(3):162-165

The authors investigated the influence of the cyanobacterium Anabaena spiroides on the occurrence of aquatic Hyphomycetes in the water of five water bodies of different trophy. The presence of cyanobacteria in the water of all five waters reduced the number of fungi species from 29 to 10. Such species as Angulospora aquatica and Mirandina corticola were found both in control samples and with cyanobacterium from all five waters examined.  相似文献   

Sediment fingerprinting as an environmental forensics tool explaining cyanobacteria blooms in lakes   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

J.S. Rowan  S. Black 《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2012,32(2):832-843

Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) blooms in water bodies present serious public health issues with attendant economic and ecological impacts. Llyn Tegid (Lake Bala) is an important conservation and amenity asset within Snowdonia National Park, Wales which since the mid-1990s has experienced multiple toxic cyanobacteria blooms threatening the ecology and tourism-dependent local economy. Multiple working hypotheses explain the emergence of this problem, including climate change, land management linked to increased nutrient flux, hydromorphological alterations or changing trophic structure - any of which may operate individually or cumulatively to impair lake function. This paper reports the findings of a sediment fingerprinting study using dated lake cores to explore the linkages between catchment and lake management practices and the emergence of the algal blooms problem. Since 1900 AD lake bed sedimentation rates have varied from 0.06 to 1.07 g cm⁻² yr⁻¹, with a pronounced acceleration since the early 1980s. Geochemical analysis revealed increases in the concentrations of total phosphorus (TP), calcium and heavy metals such as zinc and lead consistent with eutrophication and a rising pollution burden, particularly since the late 1970s. An uncertainty-inclusive sediment fingerprinting approach was used to apportion the relative fluxes from the major catchment land cover types of improved pasture, rough grazing, forestry and channel banks. This showed improved pasture and channel banks are the dominant diffuse sources of sediment in the catchment, though forestry sources were important historically. Conversion of rough grazing to improved grassland, coupled with intensified land management and year-round livestock grazing, is concluded to provide the principal source of rising TP levels. Lake Habitat Survey and particle size analysis of lake cores demonstrate the hydromorphological impact of the River Dee Regulation Scheme, which controls water level and periodically diverts flow into Llyn Tegid from the adjacent Afon Tryweryn catchment. This hydromorphological impact has also been most pronounced since the late 1970s. It is concluded that an integrated approach combining land management to reduce agricultural runoff allied to improved water level regulation enabling recovery of littoral macrophytes offers the greatest chance halting the on-going cyanobacteria issue in Llyn Tegid.  相似文献