Ocean urea fertilization for carbon credits poses high ecological risks     

Glibert PM  Azanza R  Burford M  Furuya K  Abal E  Al-Azri A  Al-Yamani F  Andersen P  Anderson DM  Beardall J  Berg GM  Brand L  Bronk D  Brookes J  Burkholder JM  Cembella A  Cochlan WP  Collier JL  Collos Y  Diaz R  Doblin M  Drennen T  Dyhrman S  Fukuyo Y  Furnas M  Galloway J  Granéli E  Ha DV  Hallegraeff G  Harrison J  Harrison PJ  Heil CA  Heimann K  Howarth R  Jauzein C  Kana AA  Kana TM  Kim H  Kudela R  Legrand C  Mallin M  Mulholland M  Murray S  O'Neil J  Pitcher G  Qi Y  Rabalais N  Raine R  Seitzinger S  Salomon PS  Solomon C 《Marine pollution bulletin》2008,56(6):1049-1056

The proposed plan for enrichment of the Sulu Sea, Philippines, a region of rich marine biodiversity, with thousands of tonnes of urea in order to stimulate algal blooms and sequester carbon is flawed for multiple reasons. Urea is preferentially used as a nitrogen source by some cyanobacteria and dinoflagellates, many of which are neutrally or positively buoyant. Biological pumps to the deep sea are classically leaky, and the inefficient burial of new biomass makes the estimation of a net loss of carbon from the atmosphere questionable at best. The potential for growth of toxic dinoflagellates is also high, as many grow well on urea and some even increase their toxicity when grown on urea. Many toxic dinoflagellates form cysts which can settle to the sediment and germinate in subsequent years, forming new blooms even without further fertilization. If large-scale blooms do occur, it is likely that they will contribute to hypoxia in the bottom waters upon decomposition. Lastly, urea production requires fossil fuel usage, further limiting the potential for net carbon sequestration. The environmental and economic impacts are potentially great and need to be rigorously assessed.  相似文献   

Record of seismotectonic events in siliceous cyanobacterial sediments (Magadi cherts), Lake Magadi, Kenya     

H.-J. Behr  C. Röhricht 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2000,89(2):268-283

  相似文献   

芬兰海岸带水域蓝藻水华遥感监测     

张渊智  段洪涛 《湖泊科学》2008,20(2):167-172

MODIS-Terra和MERIS数据被用于芬兰湾蓝藻水华的监测,并对两者的性能进行了比较.研究结果表明:MODIS-Terra 波段设置主要针对一类大洋水体,缺乏预警藻蓝素的有效波段;MERIS传感器设置了620nm和665nm波段,基本对应藻蓝素的吸收峰(630nm)和反射峰(650nm),具有蓝藻水华探测的潜力,但在藻华未成型之前,海岸带水体不同优势藻类具有相似的叶绿紊特征,较难辨别蓝藻水华.总的来说,MODlS和MERIS数据比较困难实现蓝藻水华初期预警,但可以有效监测已成型的蓝藻水华.这一方法可以用于中国太湖或者海岸带水体藻华探测和监测研究.  相似文献   

Macrophytes-cyanobacteria allelopathic interactions and their implications for water resources management—A review     

《Limnologica》2017

Macrophytes and phytoplankton including cyanobacteria are main primary producers in aquatic environments.Macrophytes can maintain water quality by suppressing phytoplankton growth through a number of mechanisms: while e.g. the absorption of high amounts of nutrients and the provision of refuge from predation for herbivorous aquatic fauna are widely accepted macrophyte functions, the role of their release of allelopathic substances in suppressing phytoplankton is increasingly being studied. Some macrophyte species can support the growth of epiphytic cyanobacteria providing them an advantage over planktonic species in the competition for nutrients. On the other hand, some cyanobacteria dominate in eutrophic water bodies and produce cyanotoxins that exert allelopathic substances which may contribute to the decline of macrophytes. Macrophytes can interact with these cyanotoxins in different ways including bioaccumulation and biotransformation. This review focuses on such allelopathic interactions between macrophytes and toxic cyanobacteria. The article also suggests methods for researchers and water resources managers for the application of macrophytes to control harmful cyanobacterial blooms and as phytoremediators for toxin elimination from water bodies.  相似文献   

巢湖西湖心底泥蓝藻对水体蓝藻生物量的贡献     

史小丽  范帆  张民  阳振  陈开宁 《湖泊科学》2020,32(5):1446-1453

2018年10月-2019年10月对巢湖西湖心水体浮游藻类群落结构以及水体和底泥蓝藻生物量进行了月度调查.结果表明:巢湖西湖心浮游藻类的主要优势种属为微囊藻属、席藻属、十字藻、卵形隐藻和鱼腥藻属.蓝藻优势种属在5-10月为微囊藻属,11-12月为鱼腥藻属,1-4月为席藻属.巢湖水体和底泥蓝藻生物量峰值分别出现在9月和2月,水体蓝藻的衰亡下沉会导致底泥蓝藻生物量的上升.巢湖蓝藻主要分布在水体,底泥蓝藻生物量相对较低,单位面积水柱与底泥蓝藻生物量6月的比值大于100,在11-3月相对较低,最低值小于2.底泥蓝藻主要分布在底泥表层0～2 cm.通过安装原位捕获器,监测了蓝藻在西巢湖湖心水柱和底泥中的垂直迁移过程和通量.结果表明:11月和2月蓝藻有明显从水柱向底泥迁移的过程;底泥蓝藻全年向水体的静态迁移量都很低,而动态迁移在11月和6月出现两个峰值,主要受底泥蓝藻生物量和再悬浮的影响.本研究结果表明削减巢湖西湖心底泥种源的最佳时期为10月至来年2月,但是由于底泥蓝藻生物量远远小于水柱蓝藻生物量,底泥蓝藻向水体复苏迁移的通量也较低,即使削减了底泥种源,也不能有效降低水体蓝藻生物量.  相似文献   

基于NEB试验的不同湖泊夏季营养物投入与藻类响应关系的比较:以淀山湖、小兴凯湖和洱海为例     

王菲菲  李小平  程曦  吴雪峰 《湖泊科学》2012,24(1):51-58

淀山湖、小兴凯湖和洱海分别处在不同的营养阶段,夏季都存在蓝藻水华现象,有效控制蓝藻水华应控氮还是控磷一直存在争议.本研究采用营养物加富生物测试的试验方法,研究和比较三个湖泊限制性营养元素(N和P)夏季对浮游藻类生长的刺激作用,并采用多因素方差分析和两两比较方法(LSD)检验试验结果的显著性.结果表明:淀山湖(TN/TP=10左右)、洱海(TN/TP=29左右)、小兴凯湖(TN/TP=9左右)在夏季分别表现出显著的氮响应、氮磷双重响应、氮响应;较低氮磷比的营养程度较高的湖泊(淀山湖和小兴凯湖)夏季应控制氮含量,若添加氮更容易引发蓝藻(微囊藻)水华,而高氮磷比的初期富营养化湖泊(洱海)夏季应同时控制氮磷含量,同时添加氮磷的交互作用容易引发蓝藻(微囊藻)水华.  相似文献   

结合卫星遥感技术的太湖蓝藻水华形成温度特征分析   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

李亚春  谢小萍  朱小莉  杭鑫  李心怡  景元书 《湖泊科学》2016,28(6):1256-1264

气温对太湖蓝藻的复苏生长和水华形成、大面积暴发及衰退具有重要作用.利用太湖湖面及周边地区20032013年气象与卫星观测数据分析,结果发现太湖蓝藻水华形成的温度范围宽泛,在蓝藻复苏后,在日平均气温0~35.0℃区间都能观测到蓝藻水华现象,其中日平均气温15.1~35.0℃区间为太湖蓝藻水华频发区间,累计频次和面积占比分别为85%和90%;大面积蓝藻水华集中暴发的气温区间为20.1~35.0℃,累计频次和面积占比分别为72%和73%;蓝藻水华出现的概率随平均气温的升高而增大,二者呈二次正相关关系,而平均面积则随气温在均值附近波动,日平均气温达33℃后平均面积迅速减小.表明气温并非复苏后太湖蓝藻水华出现与否的主要限制因子,适度高温有利于蓝藻水华形成,但在日平均气温33℃以上时蓝藻水华会受到抑制.在此基础上将蓝藻水华分成4个阶段:休眠期、复苏期、增长期和衰退期,确定了基于气温的阶段量化指标,对应起始和终止的界限温度分别为:(0℃,5℃)、(5℃,15℃)、(15℃,30℃)和(30℃,0℃),据此可以计算出每年蓝藻水华的各生育阶段对应的时间节点,为防控提供依据.  相似文献   

太湖富营养化条件下影响蓝藻水华的主导气象因子   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

罗晓春  杭鑫  曹云  杭蓉蓉  李亚春 《湖泊科学》2019,31(5):1248-1258

利用2004-2018年卫星遥感解译的太湖蓝藻水华信息构建蓝藻综合指数,采用随机森林机器学习算法分析同期气象因子与蓝藻水华综合指数的关系,定量评估影响蓝藻水华的主要气象因子特征变量的重要性度量和贡献率.结果表明,在光、温、水、风等主要气象要素中,气温对蓝藻水华综合指数起着主导的作用,其次是风速和降水,日照时间的影响或可忽略.其中气温条件中重要性度量最大的是年平均气温,其次是冬、春季节的平均气温;风速因子中影响较大的是7月份的平均风速;水分条件中主导因子是9月累计降水量.优选的随机森林模型模拟值与实际蓝藻水华综合指数的变化趋势基本一致,拟合优度为0.91,通过0.01显著性检验,随机森林模型模拟效果较好.用随机森林模型模拟值对太湖蓝藻水华分等级评估,模型模拟精度达到了86.7%,其中5个重度等级年份模型模拟结果完全一致,中度等级的6个年份模型模拟值有5年与之相符,中度以上等级的模拟精度达90.9%,模型能够反映气象因子对蓝藻水华综合指数的综合影响,对中、重度蓝藻水华的模拟效果更好.随机森林模型有助于理解富营养化状态下影响蓝藻水华的主导气象因子,利用气象因子的可预测性可以促进蓝藻水华预测预警能力的提升.  相似文献   

噬藻体裂解蓝藻应用初探——以噬藻体A-4(L)侵染鱼腥藻PCC 7120为例     

程婷  杨毅玲  李琪  甘南琴 《湖泊科学》2023,35(5):1573-1583

噬藻体在蓝藻水华发生后期快速增殖被认为是蓝藻水华消亡的重要途径,但有关噬藻体的应用却鲜有报道。本研究以噬藻体A-4(L)侵染鱼腥藻PCC 7120为例,开展光照、温度和感染复数影响噬藻体裂解藻细胞的探究,推定噬藻体在裂解蓝藻应用中的最佳投放时间及投放剂量。结果显示,光照是影响噬藻体裂解藻细胞最关键的因子,A-4(L)在全光照条件下且感染复数为0.01时,8 h即可快速裂解鱼腥藻PCC 7120,但在全黑暗条件下无裂解;光照时长越长,A-4(L)对藻细胞的裂解越快。进一步研究发现,A-4(L)在藻细胞表面的吸附不依赖光照,但在黑暗条件下A-4(L)在藻细胞内的复制受到抑制,推测A-4(L)的复制可能与宿主的光合作用有关。在15～25℃范围内,提高温度会加快A-4(L)裂解藻细胞的速度,且胞外A-4(L)效价随着温度升高而增加。在10-6～1范围内,感染复数每提高两个数量级,A-4(L)裂解藻细胞则提前4h。综合上述结果,在7:00向湖水样品中投加感染复数为0.01的噬藻体可使PCC 7120藻细胞生物量在24 h内大幅度降低76%。本研究为蓝藻水华发生时投加噬藻体控制蓝藻种群密度提供一定...  相似文献   

Cyanobacterial blooms in Lake Atitlan, Guatemala     

Eliška Rejmánková  Ji?í Komárek  Margaret Dix  Jaroslava Komárková  Nancy Girón 《Limnologica》2011,41(4):296-302

Lake Atitlan, one of the most important lakes not only in Central America but in the whole world, is facing serious problems with increasing water pollution. Over the last several decades, the uncontrolled nutrient input into the lake has lead to high P levels and low N:P ratios, initiating cyanobacterial blooms. The first bloom occurred in December of 2008, followed by more extensive bloom in October 2009. The blooms are formed by cyanobacteria from the rare planktic Lyngbya hieronymusii/birgei/robusta complex. Based on the species morphology, the Atitlan population corresponds to L. robusta and this is the first case of reported bloom of this species worldwide. Remote sensing images documented that at the maximum bloom development, 40% of the 137 km² of the lake area were covered by dense patches of Lyngbya, with the chlorophyll a concentration reaching over 100 μg L⁻¹. The only toxins detected in the 2009 bloom were trace levels of cylindrospermopsin and saxitoxin with 12 and 58 ng g⁻¹, respectively. The nitrogen fixation followed a pattern expected in non-heterocytous cyanobacteria, i.e., the nitrogenase activity was minimal during the day, while during the night the activity reached 2.2 nmol C₂H₄ μg Ch a⁻¹ h⁻¹. Delta ¹⁵N of −0.86‰ was well in the range given for nitrogen fixing organisms. The cell C, N and P content was 36.7%, 5.9% and 0.9%, respectively, resulting in the molar ratio of 105:14.4:1. A well designed and executed lake monitoring program, strict control of nutrient input into the lake, and public education are the necessary prerequisites for potential prevention of even more severe blooms than the one from 2009.  相似文献