Benzo[a]pyrene modulates the biotransformation,DNA damage and cortisol level of red sea bream challenged with lipopolysaccharide     

Jun Bo  Singaram Gopalakrishnan  Fang-Yi Chen  Ke-Jian Wang 《Marine pollution bulletin》2014

In animals, biotransformation and the immune system interact with each other, however, knowledge of the toxic mechanism of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) on these two systems is not well known. The present study investigated the toxic effects of BaP on the biotransformation system, cortisol level and DNA integrity of red sea bream (Pagrus major). The results showed that cortisol level was induced under the challenge of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Short-term exposure (96 h) of BaP at environmental concentration significantly increased the cortisol level, hepatic EROD activity and CYP1A1 mRNA expression. When P. major was exposed to BaP for 14 d followed by LPS challenge this increased the cortisol level, EROD activity and hepatic DNA damage except CYP1A1 mRNA expression. Combined with our previous data, which showed that BaP exposure can modulate the immunologic response in P. major challenged with LPS, a hypothetical adverse outcome pathway of BaP on fish was suggested.  相似文献   

Analysis of damage data of low-rise buildings subjected to a shallow Mw6.3 earthquake     

《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2014

In May 2008 a shallow M_w6.3 earthquake struck South Iceland with an epicentre close to two small towns. Nearly 5000 low-rise residential buildings were affected. The recorded maximum PGA was 0.88 g. A great deal of damage occurred, but there was no loss of life. In Iceland all buildings are registered in a detailed official database and insurance against natural disasters is obligatory. As the repair costs for every affected building had to be assessed for insurance purposes this provided an unusual opportunity to review structural performance across the whole population of buildings in the affected area. The estimated repair cost was classified in a number of subcategories covering structural and non-structural damage for five different residential building typologies. Study of these buildings showed that non-structural damage dominated the overall damage. The main monetary damage was cosmetic damage of partition walls and flooring. The structural systems performed quite well and no buildings collapsed.  相似文献   

Study of damage to a high concrete dam subjected to underwater shock waves     

Lu Lu  Xin Li  Jing Zhou 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2014,13(2):337-346

To study the effect of a strong underwater shock wave on a concrete dam, this research aims to improve hammer impact methods in model tests. Six 1:200 scale models were designed and tested under distributed impact loads. A device was deployed for a direct measurement of the impact force at the upstream face of the dams. The model dam bases were anchored to prevent displacement. The experimental results indicate that the top part of the concrete dam is a weak zone, and the impact failure initiates with a fracture on the top of the dam. The peak value of impact stress increases when the second crack appears in the concrete dam from the upstream face to the downstream face. And, the level of the second crack in the dam body is lower as the peak value of impact stress increases. In this study, dynamic analysis was conducted by calculating the results to verify the effectiveness of a device to directly measure the impact force. This method may be used to approximately forecast the damage of concrete dam and may also be useful in other engineering applications.  相似文献   

砂岩的高温损伤与模量分析     

王鹏  许金余  刘石  陈腾飞  方新宇 《岩土力学》2014,35(Z2):211-216

通过定义砂岩试样压缩破坏过程的4个阶段模量,对高温（25℃～1 000℃）后砂岩压缩破坏的应力-应变全过程进行定量研究。分析砂岩高温后的模量特征和超声特性,并基于压缩模量定义高温作用后砂岩试样的热损伤因子,对不同温度作用后的砂岩试样进行损伤分析,发现高温后砂岩压缩破坏具有明显的阶段性特征;4个阶段的阶段模量随温度的变化规律各有不同;压密模量与纵波波速具有很强的相关性;基于压密模量定义的高温后砂岩试样热损伤因子避开了基于纵波波速定义方法,未考虑温度对密度和泊松比影响的缺陷,更具科学性;25～200 ℃温度区间内砂岩试样热损伤对温度最敏感。研究成果对高温环境岩石工程具有一定的指导意义。  相似文献   

走滑断层位错作用下城市地铁隧道损伤分析     

赵颖  郭恩栋  刘智  高霖 《岩土力学》2014,35(Z2):467-473

为了能够较快速、较准确地估计出穿越活断层城市地铁隧道的抗震薄弱部位,基于拟静力弹塑性有限元方法,以北京地铁7号线工程的区间隧道作为研究对象,采用数值模拟的方法研究了在走滑断层位错作用下地铁隧道的非线性反应。通过在数值计算模型中嵌入合理的损伤塑性本构模型,利用损伤指标研究了走滑断层下衬砌结构的破坏形式,重点分析了结构损伤的开始部位、发展过程以及最终的损伤程度,并建立了能够估计结构损伤范围及破坏最严重位置的统计关系式。结果表明,在走滑断层作用下衬砌结构出现损伤的区域主要发生在活断层附近一定范围内,拱腰部位的损伤最为严重;增加基岩上覆土层厚度能够减轻衬砌结构的破坏程度,当基岩上覆土层厚度大于等于临界覆盖土层厚度时可以不考虑走滑断层断裂对于浅埋隧道的影响。衬砌结构损伤区域长度与震级的大小和土层厚度有关,损伤最严重的位置随土层厚度的变化而改变。研究成果为穿越活断层地铁隧道的抗震设计和安全性评价提供了参考依据。  相似文献   

横观各向同性土的简明破坏机制解释     

姚仰平  祝恩阳 《岩土力学》2014,299(2):328-333

由于沉积等作用使得天然土材料内部颗粒排列表现为各向异性。土材料的各向异性使得材料内各平面滑动的内摩擦角不同。因此,在分析各向异性土的破坏问题中,除了考虑来自外部的应力分布以外,还需考虑土材料内部的强度分布。以横观各向同性土为例,阐述了同时考虑材料外部应力分布与材料内部强度分布下各向异性土的破坏机制。为说明,文中假定横观各向同性土内部各平面的内摩擦角正切值随空间方向而线性分布。外部加载进行时,横观各向同性土材料内部各处的应力不断变化,当其内部某处首次出现的应力达到该处的强度时,土材料发生破坏。进一步通过类比得出：区别于金属,各向同性土不是在最大剪应力面而是在最大剪压比面发生破坏;区别于各向同性土,各向异性土不是在最大剪压比面而是在最大剪压强比面发生破坏。  相似文献   

基于核磁共振技术的大理岩三轴压缩损伤规律研究     

周科平  胡振襄  高峰  王明球  杨泽 《岩土力学》2014,35(11):3117-3122

岩样为大理岩,进行了围压20 MPa、不同轴压的常规三轴压缩试验和核磁共振测试试验,测得大理岩在三轴压缩后的应力-应变曲线、弛豫时间T2谱分布和孔隙度,建立了孔隙度与损伤度之间的函数关系。结果表明,（1）孔隙度和轴压比的拟合函数显示,随着轴压的增加,大理岩孔隙度呈指数增长;轴压比小于70%时,大理岩产生弹性变形,孔隙度增长较小,轴压比处于70%～90%阶段时,大理岩以塑性变形为主,孔隙度明显增大,轴压比大于90%时,大理岩产生强烈扩容,孔隙度成倍增长;（2）大理岩内部裂隙数量和裂纹开度均随着轴压的增大而不断增大;（3）损伤度与孔隙度或轴压比的函数关系表明,随着轴压比的增大,大理岩的损伤度不断增大,相同外荷载产生的有效应力也不断增大。  相似文献   

孔隙分布分形维对多孔材料抗压强度的影响研究     

鲁功达  晏鄂川  王雪明  谢良甫  高连通 《岩土力学》2014,35(8):2261-2268

建立了4组不同孔隙分布形式的多孔材料模型,在考虑孔隙分布范围和密度的基础上计算其孔隙分布分形维数,并利用假三维数值试验的方法获得了相同初始强度、不同孔隙度和孔隙分布形式试样的抗压强度。数值试验结果表明,除了孔隙度较小和孔隙分布分维数较大的试样破坏形式基本满足45° 破裂角的规律以外,该分维数较小的试样均呈现出不对称的斜截面破坏;在孔隙度相同的情况下,该分维数越大,样品的抗压强度越高;通过推导假三维情况下材料孔隙度与抗压强度的理论关系发现,该分维数越大,样组的抗压强度随孔隙度增大而衰减的速率越慢;根据损伤力学模型对试样的抗压强度进行预测分析发现,当样组的该分维数较大时,该模型能够较准确地预测多孔材料的抗压强度,而当样组的该分维数逐渐减小时,损伤力学模型的精度也逐渐降低。上述规律是由孔隙分布分维数越小、孔隙分布越不均匀、试样中应力集中的累积效应越显著的原因而造成的。  相似文献   

田阳秋季低温冷害规律性的诊断   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

欧阳兆云  张和稳  周冬梅 《气象研究与应用》2012,33(2):31-33

通过对田阳县1961～2010年秋季低温冷害气象资料的统计,引用气候倾向率、气候趋势系数作分析,结果表明,田阳50a来秋季低温冷害初日,日数呈显著性推迟和减少趋势的规律。  相似文献   

基于信息扩散理论的长江中下游地区高温热害风险分析   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

杜子璇  刘静  刘伟昌 《气象与环境科学》2012,35(2):8-14

基于长江中下游地区85个站点1961—2008年水稻减产率,采用基于信息扩散理论的信息分配方法,研究长江中下游地区水稻高温热害风险的年代际变化和空间分布。结果表明,20世纪60年代风险值相对较小,高温热害发生较少,2000年以后风险值较大,灾情较重,高温热害风险的变化呈增加的趋势。发生高温热害风险较大的地区主要位于研究区的安徽、浙江、湖北西部和东部以及江西东北部和中部地区。其中,浙江丽水和湖北宜昌地区风险值都超过了0．25;江苏东南部、湖南西南和东北部地区属于高温热害风险较低的地区。  相似文献