Measurements of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in sea water by high temperature combustion method     

Guo Laodong  Peter H. Santschi 《海洋学报(英文版)》1997,16(3):339-353

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is the largest organic carbon reservoir in sea water and plays an imporrant role in the marine carbon cycle and other biogeochemical processes in the ocean. Accurate and precise determinalion of the bOC concentration in sea water is thus a prerequisite for any interpretation of DOC biogeochemistry. A key factor in analytical quality control is an accurate determination of the blank. The assessment and distinction of DOC blanks are essential for the precise measurements of oceanic DOC. The total DOC blank includes instrument and water blanks in the high temperature catalytic oxidation (HTCO) method. DOC can be measured accurately using the HTCO method only when the instrument blank is correctly distinguished from the total DOC blank and corrected in the sample measurements. Low DOC blanks can be achieved by extensive conditioning of new catalysts and the whole instrument system, whereas instrument blanks can be quantified by subtracting the water blank from the total DOC blank. We have been able to produce low carbon nanopure water [≤2μmol/dm³(C)] and have a low instrumental blank [< 5-6 μmol/dm³(C)] when using the HTCO method. Results of concentrations and distributions of DOC in the Gulf of Mexico and the North Atlantic are oceanographically consistent. Results from DOC measurements on samples from the international DOC methods comparison program further confirmed our low values of both nenopure water and the instrument blank.  相似文献   

溶解有机碳在混合水中的行为研究     

谭丽菊  王江涛  付强 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2007,37(5):811-814

研究溶解有机碳(DOC)在海水和黄河水所组成的混合水中的迁移转化行为,结果表明,海水和已过滤黄河水混合时,DOC呈近似的保守性;海水与未过滤的黄河水混合时,DOC呈明显的非保守性。通过研究沉积物对DOC的解吸过程,发现沉积物在盐水中能解吸出DOC,随着盐度的增大,其解吸量也迅速增大。因此可以认为,DOC在河口区的非保守行为是DOC的絮凝和颗粒物的解吸共同作用的结果。  相似文献   

Geochemical and flow modelling as tools in monitoring managed aquifer recharge     

《Applied Geochemistry》2016

Due to a growing world population and the effects of anthropogenic climate change, access to clean water is a growing global concern. Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) is a method that can help society's response to this increasing demand for pure water. In MAR, the groundwater resources are replenished and the quality of the recharged surface water is improved through effects such as the removal of organic matter. This removal occurs through mechanisms such as microbial decomposition, which can be monitored by studying the isotopic composition of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). Nevertheless, the monitoring can be difficult when there are other factors, like dissolving calcite, affecting the isotopic composition of DIC.The aims of this study were to establish a method for monitoring the decomposition of organic matter (dissolved organic carbon – DOC) in cases where calcite dissolution adds another component to the DIC pool, and to use this method to monitor the beginning and amount of DOC decomposition on a MAR site at Virttaankangas, southwestern Finland. To achieve this, we calculated the mean residence times of infiltrated water in the aquifer and the fractions of this water reaching observation wells. We conducted geochemical modelling, using PHREEQC, to estimate the amount of DOC decomposition and the mineral reactions affecting the quality of the water.  相似文献   

Hydrochemistry of Three Dystrophic Lakes in Northeastern Poland     

A. Grniak  E. Jekatierynczuk‐Rudczyk  P. Dobrzy&#x; 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1999,27(1):12-18

A hydrochemical investigation was carried out in spring, summer, and autumn, in the years 1991–1994, in three dystrophic lakes of the Wigry National Park (NE Poland). In spite of the fertile catchment basin, the developing ombrofile peat bogs of lake environment results in the acidification of lakes, the presence of small concentrations of dissolved mineral substances (below 50 mg L^–1), and exceptionally high DOC concentrations, exceeding 10 mg L^–1 C. During summer, a strong thermic stratification develops in the lakes, with constant conditions of oxygen deficiency prevailing below 3 m. In the course of the spring and autumn mixing of dystrophic lakes, the deterioration of oxygen conditions occurs in the epilimnion. In spite of high TP and NH₄⁺ concentrations, which increase from spring to autumn, the conditions developing in the lakes are unfavourable, for the functioning of aquatic organisms, on account of the strong shading. The increased direct irradiation of water bodies caused by deforestation or favourable atmospheric conditions results in an increased trophy of lakes.  相似文献   

Distributions and characteristics of dissolved organic matter in temperate coastal waters (Southern North Sea)     

Andrea Lübben  Olaf Dellwig  Sandra Koch  Melanie Beck  Thomas H. Badewien  Sibylle Fischer  Rainer Reuter 《Ocean Dynamics》2009,59(2):263-275

The spatial and temporal distributions of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was studied in the East-Frisian Wadden Sea (Southern North Sea) during several cruises between 2002 and 2005. The spatial distribution of CDOM in the German Bight shows a strong gradient towards the coast. Tidal and seasonal variations of dissolved organic matter (DOM) identify freshwater discharge via flood-gates at the coastline and pore water efflux from tidal flat sediments as the most important CDOM sources within the backbarrier area of the Island of Spiekeroog. However, the amount and pattern of CDOM and DOC is strongly affected by various parameters, e.g. changes in the amount of terrestrial run-off, precipitation, evaporation, biological activity and photooxidation. A decoupling of CDOM and DOC, especially during periods of pronounced biological activity (algae blooms and microbial activity), is observed in spring and especially in summer. Mixing of the endmembers freshwater, pore water, and open sea water results in the formation of a coastal transition zone. Whilst an almost conservative behaviour during mixing is observed in winter, summer data point towards non-conservative mixing.  相似文献   

Utilisation of terrestrial carbon by osmotrophic algae     

Jörg Tittel  Ines Wiehle  Nicola Wannicke  Heike Kampe  Juergen Poerschmann  Jutta Meier  Norbert Kamjunke 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2009,71(1):46-54

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基于CDOM吸收特性的东北地区水库DOC浓度遥感估算     

赖锋发  杨倩  宋开山  尚盈辛 《湖泊科学》2023,35(1):224-235

有色溶解性有机物(CDOM)广泛存在于水体中,占溶解有机碳(DOC)10%～90%,其浓度影响水环境碳循环过程、污染物质迁移以及水生生物群落的结构和功能。为分析东北地区水库DOC碳循环情况,本文于2015—2020年对第二松花江流域典型水库白山水库和丰满水库进行5次现场观测和室内实验,在分析CDOM吸收特性的基础上,基于Landsat系列卫星利用波段比值法建立CDOM浓度反演模型(R²=0.82),根据实测值CDOM与DOC的强相关性(R²=0.78),进而估算水库DOC浓度。结果表明：(1)利用野外实测数据和Landsat系列卫星能够对东北内陆水库CDOM浓度进行良好反演,(2)2000—2020年白山水库和丰满水库年际CDOM和DOC浓度变化不大,在2010年之后表现出轻微上升趋势,CDOM浓度从支流和干流的汇入到主库区呈现逐渐减少趋势,(3)白山水库和丰满水库M值(CDOM在250和365 nm处吸收系数比值)和S_275～295(CDOM在275～295 nm波段处的吸收光谱的斜率)较小、SUVA_254<...  相似文献   

Effects of salinity on treatment of municipal wastewater by constructed mangrove wetland microcosms   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

Wu Y  Tam NF  Wong MH 《Marine pollution bulletin》2008,57(6-12):727-734

The effects of salinity on the removal of dissolved organic carbon and nutrients from municipal wastewater by constructed mangrove microcosms planted with Aegiceras corniculatum were investigated. During the four-month wastewater treatment, the treatment efficiency was reduced by high salinity, and the removal percentages of dissolved organic carbon, ammonia-N and inorganic N dropped from 91% to 71%, from 98% to 83% and from 78% to 56%, respectively, with salinity increasing from 0 to 30 parts per thousands (ppt). In spite of such inhibition at high salinity, 100% of the effluents discharge from the constructed mangrove microcosms still complied with the discharge standards set by the Hong Kong Government for Coastal Water Control Zones. These results suggested that constructed mangrove wetland treatment systems were promising to effectively treat municipal wastewater, even those with high salinity. In addition, the denitrification potential in soil was found to be retarded by the high salinity while mangrove plants grew best at 15 ppt salinity condition.  相似文献   

Surface-sediment and epilithic diatom pH calibration sets for remote European mountain lakes (AL:PE Project) and their comparison with the Surface Waters Acidification Programme (SWAP) calibration set   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

N. G. Cameron  H. J. B. Birks  V. J. Jones  F. Berges  J. Catalan  R. J. Flower  J. Garcia  B. Kawecka  K. A. Koinig  A. Marchetto  P. Sánchez-Castillo  R. Schmidt  M. Šiško  N. Solovieva  E. Štefková  M. Toro 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1999,22(3):291-317

A modern diatom-pH calibration data-set consisting of surface-sediment diatom assemblages from 118 lakes and 530 taxa is presented. The AL:PE data-set is from high-altitude or high-latitude lakes in the Alps, Norway, Svalbard, Kola Peninsula, UK, Slovenia, Slovakia, Poland, Portugal, and Spain (pH range = 4.5-8.0; DOC range = 0.2-3.2 mg l^-1). In addition, 92 epilithon samples from 22 high-altitude or high-latitude lakes comprise an AL:PE epilithon diatom-pH data-set. Weighted averaging partial least squares regression is used to develop pH-inference models. The AL:PE data-set has a root-mean-square-error of prediction (RMSEP) of 0.33 and a maximum bias of 0.36 pH units and r² of 0.82, as assessed by leave-one-out cross-validation. The epilithon data-set has, after data-screening and the deletion of one very obvious outlier, a RMSEP of 0.23 and a maximum bias of 0.18 pH units and r² of 0.88. The 167 sample SWAP diatom-pH data-set from lowland or upland lakes in the UK, Norway, and Sweden has a RMSEP of 0.29 and a maximum bias of 0.23 pH units and r² of 0.86.The pH optima, as estimated by weighted averaging and Gaussian regression, are compared for the three data-sets (AL:PE, SWAP, AL:PE epilithon). There is a good correspondence between the AL:PE and the AL:PE epilithon optima, but a consistent bias between the AL:PE and SWAP optima, with the SWAP optima being lower than the AL:PE estimates.The predictive performances of the AL:PE and SWAP calibration data-sets are compared using independent test samples and six core sequences, all from high-altitude lakes, one in south-east Siberia and five in eastern Scotland. The results show the importance of using the AL:PE data-set for inferring lake-water pH from diatom assemblages in high-altitude or high latitude lakes with low DOC concentrations.  相似文献   

Controls on fluvial carbon efflux from eroding peatland catchments     

Sarah L. Brown  Claire S. Goulsbra  Martin G. Evans 《水文研究》2019,33(3):361-371

Global peatlands store an unparalleled proportion of total global organic carbon but it is vulnerable to erosion into fluvial systems. Fluvial networks are being recognized as areas of carbon transformation, with eroded particulate organic carbon processed to dissolved organic carbon and CO₂. Existing studies indicate biodegradation and photodegradation as key processes controlling the transformation of organic carbon in fluvial systems, with initial concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) identified as a control on the rate of carbon mineralization. This study manipulates temperature and incident light intensity to investigate carbon mineralization rates in laboratory simulations of peatland sediment transport into fluvial systems. By directly measuring gaseous CO₂ emissions from sampled stream water, the relationship of temperature and light intensity with carbon efflux is identified. In simulations where sediment (as particulate organic matter, POM) is absent, temperature is consistently the dominant factor influencing carbon efflux rates. This influence is independent of the initial DOC concentration of the water sample. In simulations where POM was added, representing a peatland river receiving eroded terrestrial sediment, initial DOC concentration predicts 79% of the variation in total gaseous carbon efflux whereas temperature and light intensity predict 12% and 3%, respectively. When sampled stream water's mineralization rates in the presence of added POM are analysed independently, removing DOC as a model variable, the dominant variable affecting CO₂ efflux is opposite for each sample. This study presents novel data suggesting peatland erosion introduces further complexity to dynamic stream systems where rates of carbon transformation processes and the influence of specific environmental variables are interdependent. Anthropogenic climate change is identified as a leading risk factor perpetuating peatland erosion; therefore, understanding the fate of terrestrial sediment in rivers and further quantifying the benefits of protecting peatland soils will be of increasing importance to carbon budgeting and ecosystem function studies.  相似文献