Effects of temperature and wave conditions on chemical dispersion efficacy of heavy fuel oil in an experimental flow-through wave tank     

Zhengkai Li  Kenneth Lee  Michel C. Boufadel 《Marine pollution bulletin》2010,60(9):1550-1559

The effectiveness of chemical dispersants (Corexit 9500 and SPC 1000) on heavy fuel oil (IFO180 as test oil) has been evaluated under different wave conditions in a flow-through wave tank. The dispersant effectiveness was determined by measuring oil concentrations and droplet size distributions. An analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model indicated that wave type and temperature significantly (p < 0.05) affected the dynamic dispersant effectiveness (DDE). At higher temperatures (16 °C), the test IFO180 was effectively dispersed under breaking waves with a DDE of 90% and 50% for Corexit 9500 and SPC 1000, respectively. The dispersion was ineffective under breaking waves at lower temperature (10 °C), and under regular wave conditions at all temperatures (10-17 °C), with DDE < 15%. Effective chemical dispersion was associated with formation of smaller droplets (with volumetric mean diameters or VMD ? 200 μm), whereas ineffective dispersion produced large oil droplets (with VMD ? 400 μm).  相似文献   

对应分析在土地利用综合效益评价中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

朱瑜馨  张锦宗 《地理科学进展》2010,29(4)

文章以中国31个省、自治区、直辖市为研究单元,从6大方面建立了中国土地利用综合效益评价指标体系,借助Matlab6.5,运用对应分析方法对中国土地利用数据进行分析,得到了更多的土地利用效益指标之间、各省份样本之间及指标与样本之间的相互关系信息。中国土地利用综合效率主要受以农地机械化水平、粮食单产和单位农用地产值为表征的第一主因子和以单位农用地产值、地均产值、建设用地投资强度、建设用地地均产值为表征的第二主因子的控制,土地利用质量与资源丰度方面的因素作用微弱。依据土地利用效益的差异,中国31个省份可分为7类。通过对应分析,可以对控制中国土地利用综合效益的因素及中国各省土地利用综合效率空间分布状况有一个比较准确的了解,以利于对土地利用的不合理之处做出针对性的调整。  相似文献   

人工增雨效果的数值统计评估方法   总被引：6，自引：3，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

胡鹏谷湘潜  冶林茂董官臣 《气象科技》2005,33(2):189-192

利用1995～2001年河南省春季降水资料，采用数值预报与统计相结合的方法，对飞机人工增雨的效果进行检验。该方法的基本思路是根据降水的气候特征设定增雨效果的评估区，在同一评估区内应用数值模式MM5V3对历史降水过程的降水量进行数值预报，从而获得一组预报雨量，对非增雨过程的数值预报雨量与降水实况进行统计分析，建立预报雨量与实况雨量的数理统计关系。对增雨作业过程的降水同样采用相同的数值模式进行预测，并与增雨后的实况雨量比较，从而得到飞机人工增雨效果。评估结果表明：1995～2001年春季飞机人工增雨效果比较明显，豫北区(Ⅰ区)平均为16．7％，豫东区(Ⅱ区)平均为19．3％。  相似文献   

密云水库蓄水型增水作业效果分析   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4  

秦长学  张蔷  李书严  刘丰  赵习芳 《气象科技》2005,(Z1)

为缓解北京市水资源短缺的矛盾,在密云水库流域进行了大规模的飞机、火箭蓄水型人工增雨作业。由于2种工具作业影响区域在时、空上互相覆盖,所以需研究对飞机、火箭增雨作业综合评估方法。此方法依据长序列历史资料和较长作业资料,分别对飞机和火箭增雨效果进行统计分析,以其分析结果为基础,使用催化覆盖面积加权法分析综合增雨率,得出2004年密云水库流域增雨作业可增加降水量13%左右。  相似文献   

古田水库2004年蓄水型人工增雨作业分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

刘锐志  郭正明  左平昭  黄岩彬  孙振泽 《气象科技》2005,(Z1)

将宁德市人工增雨指挥系统应用到2004年6~8月古田水库抗旱蓄水型人工增雨作业和进行综合效果评价,取得显著效果。5次作业过程,水库流域共增雨16117×104m3。结果表明:新一代天气雷达宁德市人工增雨指挥系统在实际作业中应用,对旱情的监测、作业条件确定、把握最佳作业时机、场外作业指挥、云团跟踪分析、效果综合评价等方面发挥了很好的作用,使人工增雨作业科学化、客观化、系统化,提高了工作效率,增强了工作效果,扩大了社会影响。  相似文献   

Avalanche Hazard Mitigation Strategies Assessed by Cost Effectiveness Analyses and Cost Benefit Analyses—evidence from Davos,Switzerland     

Sven Fuchs  Magdalena Thöni  Maria Christina McAlpin  Urs Gruber  Michael Bründl 《Natural Hazards》2007,41(1):113-129

This paper demonstrates the application of cost effectiveness analysis and cost benefit analysis to alternative avalanche risk reduction strategies in Davos, Switzerland. The advantages as well as limitations of such analysis for natural hazards planning are discussed with respect to 16 avalanche risk reduction strategies. Scenarios include risk reduction measures that represent the main approaches to natural hazards planning in Switzerland, such as technical, organisational, and land use planning measures. The methodologies used outline how concepts and techniques from risk analysis, hazard mapping, Geographic Information System, and economics can be interdisciplinary combined. The results suggest important considerations, such as possible sources of uncertainty due to different choices in the calculation of cost effectiveness ratio and net present value. Given the parameters and assumptions, it seems as if the current approach to avalanche risk reduction in the study area approximates to economic and cost efficiency and serves the aim of reducing risk to human fatalities.  相似文献   

The effectiveness of communicative tools in addressing barriers to municipal climate change adaptation: lessons from the Netherlands     

Heleen Mees  Niels Tijhuis  Carel Dieperink 《Climate Policy》2018,18(10):1313-1326

Little research has been done on the effectiveness of communicative tools for climate change adaptation. Filling this knowledge gap is relevant, as many national governments rely on communicative tools to raise the awareness and understanding of climate impacts, and to stimulate adaptation action by local governments. To address this knowledge gap, this study focuses on the effectiveness of communicative tools in addressing key municipal barriers to climate change adaptation, by conducting a large N-size empirical study in the Netherlands. This study explores the effectiveness of these tools in theory, by checking whether their goals match the perceived barriers to municipal climate change adaptation, and the effectiveness in practice by analysing whether they are used and perceived as useful. Document analyses have clarified the assumptions underlying the tools. By conducting semi-structured interviews with 84 municipalities the key barriers to climate change adaptation and the use and usefulness of the tools in practice were analysed. The research revealed that the key barriers experienced by municipalities are a lack of urgency, a lack of knowledge of risks and measures, and limited capacity, the first being the primary one. Communicative tools, while being effective in theory, are not sufficiently effective in practice in addressing the key barriers. Municipalities that are not experiencing a sense of urgency to take on adaptation planning are not likely to be activated by the tools. Advanced municipalities need more sophisticated tools. This article concludes with some suggestions to improve the effectiveness of communicative tools.

Key policy insights

• Although effective in theory in addressing key barriers to municipal adaptation planning, the effectiveness in practice of communicative tools is limited.

• To increase their effectiveness in practice, municipalities’ awareness of the existence of the communicative tools needs to be raised.

• Advanced municipalities need more sophisticated tools that are context-specific and address a wide range of climate risks.

• The effectiveness of communicative tools can be improved by embedding them in a wider mix of policy instruments.

  相似文献   

电磁屏蔽对无线充电系统的影响分析     

陈炜峰  朱美杰  郭海军  刘俊栋 《南京气象学院学报》2013,5(2):163-166

在介绍电磁屏蔽理论的基础上,利用电磁场仿真软件HFSS,建模仿真分析了电磁屏蔽体的屏蔽效能及其对无线充电系统耦合效率的影响.通过屏蔽体外特殊点屏蔽前后的场强对比,分析屏蔽效能;通过仿真接收线圈内一点屏蔽前后的磁场强度变化,运用相关公式计算互感变化分析其对耦合效率的影响.分析结果表明:采取电磁屏蔽措施,不仅能减少系统对外界的电磁辐射干扰,而且能增大系统的耦合传输效率.实验结果证明了仿真分析的正确性.  相似文献   

基于村域视角的脱贫成效空间格局及影响机制研究——以湖南省新晃侗族自治县84个出列村为例     

蒋凌霄  安悦  谭雪兰  余航菱  王振凯  陈园 《地理研究》2022,41(4):1136-1151

贫困与摆脱贫困是中国改革和发展路径选择的起点和动力来源。本研究从经济建设成效、基础与公共服务设施建设成效、生活保障与就业保障成效4个维度构建评价指标体系,对2019年新晃县脱贫成效的空间格局与影响机制进行研究。结果表明：① 2019年新晃县出列村经济建设与生活保障脱贫成效指数差异较小,“高、较高、一般成效”区域相间分布,基础与公共服务设施建设、就业保障脱贫成效具有较为明显的空间分异特征。② 新晃县出列村综合脱贫成效在空间上整体呈现出“东高西低”的格局,且与地形存在较强的相关性特征。③ 新晃县综合脱贫成效主要影响因素为患有大病及长期慢性病的脱贫人数占比、行政村距县城距离、年龄结构、户均收入高于县平均收入户数占比、劳动力状况等。村域发展基础与村域自然要素是影响脱贫成效的基础本底因素,村域人口结构是影响村域脱贫成效空间分异的关键主导因素,而村域发展潜力是巩固脱贫成效的持续推动力。  相似文献   

青海祁漫塔格成矿带地球物理方法找矿有效性试验   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

高鹏 《地质与勘探》2017,53(5):923-934

随着青海祁漫塔格成矿带矿产地质调查工作的深入开展,地球物理勘探方法在该地区地质找矿中,特别是在隐伏矿床找矿中发挥着越来越重要的作用。通过对青海祁漫塔格成矿带中地形地貌特征具有代表性的夏日哈木镍矿区及其外围这一区域开展重力、磁测、激电中梯、可控源音频大地电磁测深、天然场源电磁测深等地球物理勘探的有效性试验及示范工作,证明在解决好施工过程中的一些技术问题后,这些方法在青海祁漫塔格成矿带的地质矿产调查工作中都是有效的。通过进一步总结认为,在该地区利用地球物理勘探方法进行重点区域调查时,应首先开展大于1∶1万比例尺的高精度磁测、重力和激电中梯工作,细分异常,在此基础上,开展激电测深和电磁测深,以确定地下地质体的深度,进而通过综合研究,对其成矿前景进行评价。本文对方法有效性的认识,可作为在青海祁漫塔格成矿带开展地质矿产调查工作时地球物理勘探方法选择的参考。  相似文献