云南高原湖泊面临的保护与开发问题   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

李春卉  张世涛  叶许春 《云南地质》2005,24(4):462-470

云南高原湖泊目前正面临严峻的环境问题：水体污染。水土流失，生物多样性丧失等。本文分析云南高原湖泊环境遭破坏的原因，提出对高原湖泊开发利用以及环境治理建议。  相似文献   

山东省生态环境遥感监测   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5  

田贵全  张明才 《国土资源遥感》2006,17(4):63-67

 利用遥感与GIS技术，对山东省生态环境现状及其动态变化进行了监测，建立了山东省生态环境遥感监测数据库，分析了山东省生态环境时空变化特征。结果表明，山东省生态环境动态变化的主要特点是耕地面积明显减少，城乡居民点和工矿用地面积大幅度增加。  相似文献   

Situated justice in environmental decision-making: Lessons from river management in Southeastern Australia   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Mick Hillman 《Geoforum》2006,37(5):695-707

The practical application of environmental justice in natural resource management depends upon moving beyond generic principles to situated understanding. This understanding in turn requires knowledge of both historical and geographical contexts, including how decision-making frameworks develop and the nature of the biophysical environment itself. This paper examines these requirements based on case material from the Hunter Valley, New South Wales. In the Hunter Valley, the colonial history of river management was one of the creation, and subsequent inclusion and exclusion, of particular ‘stakes’ from the decision-making process, resulting in a narrowly defined ‘community of justice’ that became institutionalised at the catchment scale. However, even within this restricted community, distributive injustices occurred due to a failure of policy to engage with environmental variability at both spatial and temporal scales. This combination of procedural injustice and environmental variability also resulted in ecological injustice - that is a disconnected or even antagonistic human-nature relationship that restricted the opportunity to redress the severe degradation of riverine ecosystems that had occurred since European settlement. In the light of these examples, broader challenges in the application of environmental justice to river management are explored in terms of ecological complexity and contested perceptions of environmental health. Based on this material, a historically and geographically situated, ecologically informed vision of environmental justice is proposed as an essential part of sustainable river management.  相似文献   

基于密度的小生境粒子群算法在空间信息服务选择中的应用     

吴明光  王家耀 《测绘学院学报》2007,24(6):422-426

针对现有空间信息服务选择技术的不足,提出了一种基于粒子群优化算法的多目标优化策略,通过同时优化多个QoS参数,产生一组满足约束条件的Pareto最优解。针对多峰函数的多目标优化问题,采用基于改进密度聚类的小生境技术,保证了解的多样性。构建了模拟试验环境,验证了算法的可行性和效率。  相似文献   

湖泊蓝藻水华生态灾害形成机理及防治的基础研究   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

吴庆龙  谢平  杨柳燕  高光  刘正文  潘纲  朱本占 《地球科学进展》2008,23(11):1115-1123

湖泊具有供水、渔业、旅游、维持区域生态系统平衡等功能,是支撑我国经济和社会发展的重要资源之一。但是近30年来,湖泊富营养化所导致的蓝藻水华频繁暴发,生态灾害事件频发,严重影响湖泊功能的发挥, 制约区域经济可持续发展。针对国家在保障区域水安全和生态安全、保护人民健康及建设和谐社会等方面的重大需求,国家重点基础研究发展计划项目“湖泊蓝藻水华生态灾害形成机理及防治的基础研究”于2008年7月正式立项。项目拟解决的关键科学问题包括：①湖泊蓝藻水华主要衍生污染物的形成机理、迁移转化规律和毒理效应;②蓝藻水华导致湖泊生态系统结构变化和功能退化的机理;③蓝藻水华生态灾害评估及调控机理。针对上述科学问题,项目以蓝藻水华污染物的产生、湖泊生态系统结构与功能的响应以及生态灾害的评估与调控为研究主线,重点开展以下几个方面的研究：①蓝藻水华衍生污染物的产生及其环境过程;②蓝藻水华衍生污染物的毒理效应与生态和健康风险;③蓝藻水华导致湖泊生态系统结构变化与功能退化的关键过程和机制;④蓝藻水华灾害治理和调控的的技术原理和途径。项目的实施和完成将为我国湖泊蓝藻水华生态灾害的预防与控制提供理论和技术原理支撑。  相似文献   

Changes of groundwater flow field of Luanhe River Delta under the human activities and its impact on the ecological environment in the past 30 years     

《China Geology》2021,4(3):455-462

The Luanhe River Delta is located in the center of the Circum-Bohai Sea Economic Zone. It enjoys rapid economic and social development while suffering relatively water scarcity. The overexploitation of groundwater in the Luanhe River Delta in recent years has caused the continuous drop of groundwater level and serious environmental and geological problems. This study systematically analyzes the evolution characteristics of the population, economy, and groundwater exploitation in the Luanhe River Delta and summarizes the change patterns of the groundwater flow regime in different aquifers in the Luanhe River Delta according to previous water resource assessment data as well as the latest groundwater survey results. Through comparison of major source/sink terms and groundwater resources, the study reveals the impacts of human activities on the groundwater resources and ecological environment in the study area over the past 30 years from 1990 to 2020. The results are as follows. The average annual drop rate of shallow groundwater and the deep groundwater in the centers of depression cones is 0.4 m and 1.64 m, respectively in the Luanhe River Delta in the past 30 years. The depression cones of shallow and deep groundwater in the study area cover an area of 545.32 km² and 548.79 km², respectively, accounting for more than 10% of the total area of the Luanhe River Delta. Overexploitation of groundwater has further aggravated land subsidence. As a result, two large-scale subsidence centers have formed, with a maximum subsidence rate of up to 120 mm/a. The drop of groundwater level has induced some ecological problems in the Luanhe River Delta area, such as the zero flow and water quality deterioration of rivers and continuous shrinkage of natural wetlands and water. Meanwhile, the proportion of natural wetland area to the total wetland area has been decreased from 99% to 8% and the water area from 1776 km² to 263 km². These results will provide data for groundwater overexploitation control, land subsidence prevention, and ecological restoration in plains and provide services for water resources management and national land space planning.© 2021 China Geology Editorial Office.  相似文献   

Advances of Eco-environmental Effects and Adaptive Management in River Cascading Development     

Zhe Li  Yongbai Chen  Chong Li  Jinsong Guo  Yan Xiao  Lunhui Lu 《地球科学进展》2018,33(7):675-686

As a kind of anthropogenic activity with significant impact on river ecosystem, dam construction and reservoir creation will result in the degradation and disappearance of terrestrial ecosystem in its flooded area. It will cause the significant change of downstream eco-environment and disrupt the continuity and connectivity of natural rivers. There may be “accumulative effects” on the impact of river cascading development on its ecosystems, which is to “amplify” the impact of damming on river ecosystems step by step. However, the role, approach, and hydro-ecological mechanisms of the “accumulation effect” are still not clear. Additionally, this will also result in the uncertainty in the objective, targets, spatio-temporal scope and action path of adaptive management of river cascading development. In river cascading development, the current adaptive practice on restoring natural hydrological processes and river ecosystem may no longer be effective. There is need to understand the function and structure of river-reservoir system and its succession. The trade-offs between multi-stakeholders of river-reservoir system shall be also taken into consideration. The upper Yangtze River has experienced intensive cascading development, which is unique among the world’s rivers and will profoundly change the ecosystem in the upper Yangtze. The adaptive management of upper Yangtze should aim at optimizing the ecological structure of rivers and reservoirs and maintaining the health of river-reservoir ecosystems. Future research could be focused on the role and form of “accumulative effects” in upper Yangtze, and the trade-offs among multiple stakeholders. These will construct a new paradigm for the operation and management of green hydropower in the upper Yangtze.  相似文献   

Research Status and Prospect of the Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Regions   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

Wenke Wang  Chengcheng Gong  Zaiyong Zhang  Li Chen 《地球科学进展》2018,33(7):702-718

Centering on the scientific problems faced by subsurface hydrology in arid regions and ecological effect, the urgency of national ecological civilization and the Belt and Road construction towards the research of groundwater discipline, this article analyzed the formation and evolution mechanisms of groundwater and studied the groundwater function of arid regions. Based on the analysis and research, this article discussed domestic and overseas research status, existing problems and developing trend from six aspects, raised key and scientific problems which urgently need to be addressed, aiming at the existing bottlenecks of subsurface hydrology and ecological effect in arid regions and national requirement, so as to make some contribution to the innovative development of China’s groundwater science and national economic construction.  相似文献   

浙江三门湾海域主要底上动物生态位及种间联结性     

孟周  魏永杰  王晓波  韩庆喜 《海洋与湖沼》2022,53(5):1269-1278

大型底上动物参与海洋生态系统中的物理、化学和生物过程,具有极高的研究价值。浙江三门湾是天然的半封闭海湾,也是海洋生物重要的栖息、觅食和育幼的场所。为探究三门湾海域物种间的资源利用情况及生态关系,在该海域进行了底拖网生物调查。根据2017年和2018年夏季在三门湾海域进行的大型底上生物研究结果,运用优势度(Y)、生态位宽度、生态位重叠、方差比率法(VR)、χ²检验、联结系数(AC)、共同出现百分率(PC)对生态位和种间联结性进行了研究。结果表明: 2017~2018年间三门湾海域共捕获大型底上动物53种,包括两年共有种,即主要底上动物22种。其中优势种3种,包括哈氏仿对虾(Mierspenaeopsis hardwickii)、中华栉孔虾虎鱼(Ctenotrypauchen chinensis)和棒锥螺(Turritella terebra),这三个物种属中生态位种;三门湾主要底上动物依据生态位宽度值划分为3组,即广生态位种、中生态位种和窄生态位种;种对间生态位重叠值总体差异性较大,其与种对的食性、栖息环境密切相关;根据总体联结性分析得主要底上动物总体呈显著正关联,群落结构较为稳定; χ²检验、联结系数(AC)和共同出现百分率(PC)表明种对间联结性较弱,趋近于相互独立。三门湾大型底上动物的群落结构比较稳定,但种对间的关联性在逐渐下降。  相似文献   

基于海岛生态指数的2019年海岛生态状况评价及影响因素分析          下载免费PDF全文

张新慧  赵锦霞  肖兰  王娜  张志卫  刘建辉  张红日 《海洋开发与管理》2022,39(1):54-59

海岛是我国社会经济发展的重要战略空间,也是生态安全的重要屏障,评价海岛的生态状况是海岛合理利用和保护管理的基础。文章选取77个海岛为研究对象,根据海岛生态指数评价方法,对2019年各海岛生态状况进行评价。结果表明:评价海岛以生态状况优良海岛为主,乡镇级有居民海岛和无居民海岛生态状况显著好于村级有居民海岛,渤黄海区和东海区海岛生态指数分布相似,优良海岛比例高于南海区海岛。植被覆盖率、自然岸线保有率和污水处理率是影响海岛2019年生态状况的主要因素。重视和加强村级有居民海岛的生态保护与建设投入力度,合理利用海岛资源,优化保护与开发空间布局,尽可能地保留自然岸线,提高海岛污水处理能力,将有助于改善海岛生态状况,推动实现海岛的可持续发展。  相似文献