The GW-Fauna-Index: A first approach to a quantitative ecological assessment of groundwater habitats   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6  

Hans Jürgen Hahn   《Limnologica》2006,36(2):119-137

Between June 2001 and December 2002, 18 hyporheic and groundwater bores were sampled for fauna and environmental data using phreatic traps. The bores were situated in three different natural geographic regions in Palatinate, Southwestern Germany.Faunal data correlated with the relative amount of detritus, bacterial abundances and the standard deviation of temperature, while very few and weak correlations were found with physical–chemical variables. Dissolved oxygen was assumed to be a limiting factor for most metazoans with a critical concentration at around 0.5–1 mg l⁻¹.To quantify the strength of the hydrological exchange with surface water and its effects on fauna, a so-called GW-Fauna-Index was developed and calculated using the relative amount of detritus, standard deviation of temperature, and oxygen concentration. From all environmental data and on all spatial scales, this index best explained the total faunal abundance and taxonomic richness.To describe the availability of organic aliments in the groundwater, the terms of “alimonic” and “alimony” [from lat. alimonium=(food) supply] were proposed.Although stygofauna was different in the geographic regions investigated, the GW-Fauna-Index was independent from these regional particularities. Using the GW-Fauna-Index, three groups of groundwater habitats could be classified according to the alimonic conditions. From oligo-alimonic group I samples, fauna was mostly absent, while meso-alimonic group II samples were prevailingly populated by stygobites, and eu-alimonic group III samples by ubiquists and stygoxenes. Total abundances and taxonomic richness increased significantly from group I to group III. Group I samples were characterized by low index values, group II samples by intermediate and group III samples by high values.The GW-Fauna-Index provides promising perspectives for application, but needs some improvement. First of all, detritus should be analysed quantitatively and qualitatively, rather than semi-quantitatively. Also, a standard protocol for sampling has to be developed.  相似文献   

黔西水城—紫云地区晚古生代裂陷槽盆充填和演化   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

王尚彦 张慧王天华  王纯厚彭成龙胡仁发  陈明华石磊 《地质通报》2006,25(3):402-407

研究了贵州西部古生代发育起来的北西向水城-紫云裂陷槽盆的充填序列和演化.根据地层的岩性特征、接触关系、垂向序列和形成的构造背景等,将该槽盆的充填过程划分为3个序列:深水盆地非补偿沉积到浅海陆棚沉积,是以张裂作用为主的构造作用的产物;槽盆→槽盆边缘→槽盆边缘斜坡(下斜坡)→台缘斜坡,为张裂兼走滑复合构造机制作用下的产物;台缘斜坡环境的海进序列到海退序列,受走滑作用影响明显.根据影响和控制盆地的构造、沉积和岩浆作用等多种因素,将该槽盆的发展演化分为4个阶段:隆起剥蚀阶段、地壳拉伸变薄阶段、断裂沉陷阶段和地幔柱作用阶段.  相似文献   

Implications of the Precambrian Non-stromatolitic Carbonate Succession Making up the Third Member of Mesoproterozoic Gaoyuzhuang Formation in Yanshan Area of North China   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

梅冥相 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2007,18(3):191-209

A particular non-stromatolitic carbonate succession making up the third member of the Mesoproterozoic Gaoyuzhuang (高于庄) Formation might demonstrate that a stromatolite decline of the Mesoproterozoic occurring at ca. 1 450 Ma besides other three events of the Proterozoic,respectively,occurred at ca. 2 000 Ma,ca. 1 000 Ma,and ca. 675 Ma. The forming duration of this non-stromatolitic carbonate succession can be generally correlative to that of a similar depositional succession in North America,i.e. a non-stromatolitic carbonate succession made up by the Helena Formation of the Belt Supergroup,which suggests that the stromatolite decline occurring at ca. 1 450 Ma may be a global event. This information endows the non-stromatolitic carbonate succession making up the third member of the Gaoyuzhuang Formation in the Yanshan (燕山) area with important significance for the further understanding of Precambrian sedimentology. The Mesoproterozoic Gaoyuzhuang Formation in Yanshan area is a set of more than 1 000 m thick carbonate strata that can be divided into four members (or subformations). The first member (or the Guandi (官地) subformation) is marked by a set of stromatolitic dolomites overlying a set of transgressive sandstones; the second member (or the Sangshu'an (桑树鞍) subformation) is a set of manganese dolomites with a few stromatolites; the third member (or the Zhangjiayu (张家峪) subformation) is chiefly made up of leiolite and laminite limestones and is characterized by the development of molar-tooth structures in leiolite limestone; the fourth member (or the Huanxiusi (环秀寺) subformation) is composed of a set of dolomites of stromatolitic reefs or lithoherms. Sequence-stratigraphic divisions at two sections,i.e. the Jixian (蓟县) Section in Tianjin (天津) and the Qiangou (千沟) Section of Yanqing (延庆) County in Beijing (北京),demonstrate that a particularly non-stromatolitic succession making up the third member of the Mesoproterozoic Gaoyuzhuang Formation is developed in the Yanshan area of North China,in which lots of grotesque matground structures (wrinkle structures and palimpsest ripples) are developed in beds of leiolite limestone at the Qiangou Section and lots of molar-tooth structures are developed in beds of leiolite limestone at the Jixian Section. The time scale of the Gaoyuzhuang Formation is deduced as 200 Ma (from 1 600 Ma to 1 400 Ma). The duration of an obvious hiatus between the Gaoyuzhuang Formation and the underlying Dahongyu (大红峪) Formation is deduced as 50 Ma to 100 Ma,thus the forming duration of the GaoyuzhuangFormation is thought as 100 Ma (1 500 Ma to 1 400 Ma). Furthermore,the age of the subface of the third member of the Gaoyuzhuang Formation that is just in the mid position of the Gaoyuzhuang Formation can be deduced as about 1 450 Ma,which is the basis to infer a stromatolite decline of the Mesoproterozoic occurring at ca. 1 450 Ma. Importantly,several features of both the molar-tooth structure and the stromatolite,such as the particular forming environment,the important facies-indicative meaning,and the episodic distribution in the earth history,might express the evolutionary periodicity of the surface environment of the earth and can provide meaningful clues for the understanding of the Precambrian world,although their origin and forming mechanism is highly contentious. Therefore,like other three stromatolitic declines,respectively,occurring at ca. 675 Ma,ca. 1 000 Ma,and ca. 2 000 Ma,the identification of the stromatolite decline occurring at ca. 1 450 Ma during the Golden Age of stromatolites (2 800 Ma to 1 000 Ma) has important meaning for the further understanding of the evolving carbonate world of the Precambrian.  相似文献   

Evaluation of landscape changes and ecological degradation by GIS in arid regions: a case study of the terminal oasis of the Shiyang River,northwest China   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Xiaoyu Li  Duning Xiao  Xingyuan He  Wei Chen  Dongmei Song 《Environmental Geology》2007,52(5):947-956

The development and utilization of water and land resources in the Shiyang River basin are the highest among the inland rivers in northwestern China. Using GIS and the landscape structure analysis program FRAGSTATS, landscape metrics of a study area in the lake-district in Minqin Oasis in the lower reaches of Shiyang River basin were calculated and analyzed based on TM images from 1987 to 2001 at class level and landscape level, respectively. Transformation matrix of the landscape mosaics was also examined. The driving forces of landscape changes were analyzed, including the dynamics of runoff and groundwater resources and their exploitation, and influences of policies and market economy. The results showed that: (1) Patch number of farmland and desert decreased, but their mean patch area increased, indicating that reclamation and desertification was very serious in the study area. Contagion index for oasis increased and edge density and landscape diversity were reduced. (2) Farmland and desert areas have enlarged by 1,520.46 and 4,941.27 hm², respectively. This increase was at the cost of woodland and grassland, which shrank by 1,520.46 and 4,941.27 hm², respectively. (3) The net utilization of surface water decreased by 50% in the last 10 years, and dropped to 22.3 × 10⁶ m³ in the later 1990s. Exploitation of groundwater increased remarkably, up to 80 × 10⁶ m³ per year in the last 5 years. (4) The capability of the economic structure to withstand pressures of the market economy has depressed distinctly because of the simplified planting pattern, which is dominated by salinity-enduring cash crops, such as cotton. Based on the above analysis, strategies of ecological reconstruction in the lake-district were suggested.  相似文献   

A review of ecological risk assessment and associated health risks with heavy metals in sediment from India     

《国际泥沙研究》2020,35(5):516-526

Heavy metal (HM) pollution in sediment is a serious concern particularly in developing nations, warranting an extensive survey to understand the current situation and propose possible remedial measures. This paper compiles the data of HMs cadmium (Cd), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), manganese (Mn), arsenic (As), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and nickel (Ni) in aquatic sediment from India from 1979 to 2017. It was found that mean values of Cu, Co, Zn, Pb, As, and Cr in Indian sediment were high in comparison to the Australian Interim Sediment Quality Guidelines, World Surface Rock Average, and the Threshold Effect Level for freshwater ecosystems. Anthropogenic activities, lithogenic factors, and sand intrusion are the main factors associated with HM pollution as observed using cluster analysis and principal component analysis. The results of contamination indices indicate that HM contamination ranged from average to high, in the sediment. The ecological risk assessment results showed that 11% HMs present very high risk. The cancer risk, due to the high contents of Cd, As, and Cr the ingestion pathway, showed high risk of cancer through food/water contaminated with sediment. At source reduction of HMs in industrial effluents by effluent treatment plants, and plantation of phytoremediating rooted macrophytes in sediment may help in HM mitigation of the sediment.  相似文献   

Upper Silurian–Middle Devonian radiolarian zones of the Yokokurayama and Konomori areas in the Kurosegawa Belt, Southwest Japan     

M. Umeda 《Island Arc》1998,7(4):637-646

Five radiolarian zones, from the Upper Silurian to Middle Devonian, are discriminated from the tuffaceous successions of the Joryu and Nakahata Formations of the Yokokurayama Group of the Yokokurayama area and the Konomori area in the Kurosegawa Belt, Southwest Japan. The definition of the zones is based on the first appearance biohorizon of the characteristic species. The zones are the Pseudospongoprunum sagittatum, Futobari solidus, Trilonche (?) sp. A, Glanta fragilis and Protoholoeciscus hindea zones, in ascending order. The preliminary age assignments for the zones are discussed on the basis of the comparison with other previous documented faunas. The age determination of the formations suggests the presence of unconformities and the episodic sedimentation of the tuffaceous strata in the Yokokurayama Group.  相似文献   

南秦岭镇旬盆地层序地层特征及盆地分析   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

唐永忠 《陕西地质》1998,(1)

地处板岩镇断裂与安康断裂之间的镇（安）旬（阳）盆地,泥盆系一中三叠统地层发育齐全,沉积构造及生物化石丰富,岩相较清晰,层序界面保存较完整,是南秦岭陆内造山带开展层序地层与盆地分析研究较为理想的地区。本文对镇旬盆地地层、层序特征进行总结,识别厘定了十一个层序不整合界面,划分了十个不整合界限地层单位,建立了盆地岩石地层格架、层序地层格架,并对盆地的形成、发展、演化进行了初步分析,探讨了沉积作用与矿产的相互关系。  相似文献   

Heterogeneous aquitard properties in sedimentary successions in the Apennine chain: case studies in southern Italy     

Emma Petrella  Fulvio Celico 《水文研究》2009,23(23):3365-3371

The aim of this study was to analyse the hydrogeologic role of siliciclastic deposits and marly‐clayey‐calcareous successions within the carbonate Apennine chain (southern Italy). The study was carried out along the northern part of the Matese carbonate massif through (1) the hydraulic characterization of siliciclastic rocks in a test site, by means of Lugeon tests, and (2) the identification of the groundwater flow system discharging at an important spring located within a marly‐clayey‐calcareous succession in a second test site, by means of isotopic investigations. The results showed that the investigated siliciclastic deposits and marly‐clayey‐calcareous successions may allow significant groundwater discharge from carbonate aquifers. Thus, they do not everywhere behave as aquitard, contrary to the previous model. Instead, groundwater flows through the upper part of these successions, where stress release fracturing enhanced rock permeability in the near‐surface bedrock. Thus, these successions may locally be a new groundwater source within the southern Apennine chain. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

中子活化测井在萤石矿勘探中应用效果          下载免费PDF全文

师立谱  徐风曾  王世传 《山东国土资源》1990,(2)

本文简要叙述了中子活化测井原位测定萤石矿(CaF_2)含量的原理及方法技术,以及在两个萤石矿区试生产的成果实例。并着重指出: 1.该方法适用于各种不同类型的萤石矿。选择F作为CaF_2的特征指示元素,在萤石矿无其它元素干扰,方法反映单解。 2.工作证明:该方法可防止由于岩矿心破碎造成的地质取心中漏失的矿体,发现地质工作未确定的薄矿层。并能提供CaF_2含量。 3.在取心率很低的钻孔,提供了真实可靠的CaF_2含量和矿层上下顶板确切位置,避免了钻孔报废、取得了良好的经济效益。最后文章指出:该方法的精度、灵敏度和工作效率完全满足生产工作的需要。  相似文献   

基于生态文明思想的围填海历史遗留问题处理理论与实践——以大连港太平湾港区和中新天津生态城为例          下载免费PDF全文

朱德洲  李耀如  温国义  徐谦 《海洋开发与管理》2022,39(1):31-37

长期大规模围填海活动在振兴沿海地区经济的同时,也严重破坏了海岸带生态系统。文章梳理了关于加强滨海湿地保护、严格管控围填海的一系列政策要求与技术指南;以大连港太平湾港区和中新天津生态城为例,分别分析了港口工业区和滨海生态旅游区的围填海历史遗留问题处理与生态保护修复实践,并提出了生态优先,绿色发展;自然恢复为主,人工修复为辅;陆海统筹,生态融合;问题导向,科学修复;科技支撑,示范带动等新发展阶段下海洋生态保护修复的建议。  相似文献