水环境容量的影响因素及分析研究     

孙秀喜  冯耀奇 《地下水》2005,27(5):389-391

本文采用流量级频率分析和统计分析方法,对黄河下游流量及泥沙含量对水环境容量的影响进行了研究分析.分析结果:河流在平滩流量时不仅输沙能力最大[8],而且输运污染物能力也最大,黄河下游水环境容量萎缩是平滩流量降低的必然结果.  相似文献   

城市水环境承载能力研究   总被引：21，自引：1，他引：21       下载免费PDF全文

左其亭  马军霞  高传昌 《水科学进展》2005,16(1):103-108

针对人类高强度活动区——城市水资源系统特点和存在的水环境问题,探讨城市水环境承载能力和水资源承载能力的概念及内涵;提出了计算城市水环境承载能力的"控制目标反推模型"(COIM模型),该模型主要包括:城市污染物排放量计算、控制断面径流量计算、控制断面水质指标计算、控制目标方程和城市水环境承载能力计算;以郑州市为应用范例,介绍城市水环境承载能力计算模型应用及水环境调控对策制定.  相似文献   

地下水库调蓄能力综合评价的指标体系与模糊集方法   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

郑德凤  王本德  年廷凯 《水科学进展》2005,16(5):720-725

从维护生态平衡与水资源可持续开发利用的角度定义了地下水库的调蓄能力,提出地下水库调蓄能力综合评价的指标体系。并在模糊模式识别理论与模型的基础上,去除指标间的相关性,建立一种适合于对多指标体系的地下水库调蓄能力进行综合评价的多层模糊模式识别交叉迭代模型。实例应用表明,该模型具有能同时考虑定性与定量指标,又能将迭代结果与决策者经验知识相结合来确定多指标权重的优点,便于推广应用。  相似文献   

基于模糊识别的水资源承载能力综合评价   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14       下载免费PDF全文

李亚伟  陈守煜  傅铁 《水科学进展》2005,16(5):726-729

应用模糊识别模型解决水资源承载能力综合评价问题,根据水资源承载能力相关因子自身的数据结构特性,通过模糊识别模型得到样本的级别特征值,从而达到对待评价区域的识别、归类,同时可以得到各相关因子在评价过程中的贡献率,实例部分将模型应用于全国30个省市、自治区的水资源承载能力评价,结果表明该方法的实用性和客观性。  相似文献   

Effects of detailed soil spatial information on watershed modeling across different model scales     

Trevor Quinn  A.-Xing Zhu  James E. Burt   《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2005,7(4):324-338

Hydro-ecological modelers often use spatial variation of soil information derived from conventional soil surveys in simulation of hydro-ecological processes over watersheds at mesoscale (10–100 km²). Conventional soil surveys are not designed to provide the same level of spatial detail as terrain and vegetation inputs derived from digital terrain analysis and remote sensing techniques. Soil property layers derived from conventional soil surveys are often incompatible with detailed terrain and remotely sensed data due to their difference in scales. The objective of this research is to examine the effect of scale incompatibility between soil information and the detailed digital terrain data and remotely sensed information by comparing simulations of watershed processes based on the conventional soil map and those simulations based on detailed soil information across different simulation scales. The detailed soil spatial information was derived using a GIS (geographical information system), expert knowledge, and fuzzy logic based predictive mapping approach (Soil Land Inference Model, SoLIM). The Regional Hydro-Ecological Simulation System (RHESSys) is used to simulate two watershed processes: net photosynthesis and stream flow. The difference between simulation based on the conventional soil map and that based on the detailed predictive soil map at a given simulation scale is perceived to be the effect of scale incompatibility between conventional soil data and the rest of the (more detailed) data layers at that scale. Two modeling approaches were taken in this study: the lumped parameter approach and the distributed parameter approach. The results over two small watersheds indicate that the effect does not necessarily always increase or decrease as the simulation scale becomes finer or coarser. For a given watershed there seems to be a fixed scale at which the effect is consistently low for the simulated processes with both the lumped parameter approach and the distributed parameter approach.  相似文献   

A multidisciplinary multi-scale framework for assessing vulnerabilities to global change   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Marc J. Metzger  Rik Leemans  Dagmar Schrter 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2005,7(4):253-267

Terrestrial ecosystems provide a number of vital services for people and society, such as food, fibre, water resources, carbon sequestration, and recreation. The future capability of ecosystems to provide these services is determined by changes in socio-economic factors, land use, atmospheric composition, and climate. Most impact assessments do not quantify the vulnerability of ecosystems and ecosystem services under such environmental change. They cannot answer important policy-relevant questions such as 'Which are the main regions or sectors that are most vulnerable to global change?’ 'How do the vulnerabilities of two regions compare?’ 'Which scenario is the least harmful for a sector?’This paper describes a new approach to vulnerability assessment developed by the Advanced Terrestrial Ecosystem Analysis and Modelling (ATEAM) project. Different ecosystem models, covering biodiversity, agriculture, forestry, hydrology, and carbon sequestration are fed with the same Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) scenarios based on the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES). Each model gives insights into specific ecosystems, as in traditional impact assessments. Moreover, by integrating the results in a vulnerability assessment, the policy-relevant questions listed above can also be addressed. A statistically derived European environmental stratification forms a key element in the vulnerability assessment. By linking it to other quantitative environmental stratifications, comparisons can be made using data from different assessments and spatial scales.  相似文献   

平凉地区对流风暴地闪活动与环境层结因子相关性分析   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6  

张翠华  张义军  郄秀书  王怀斌 《高原气象》2002,21(6):632-636

利用1997年和1998年6－8月间在甘肃平凉地区的3站闪电定位系统所取得的地闪资料与当天早晨探空资料进行了初步的统计分析。分析结果，对流风暴中地闪活动与环境层结因子之间有较好的相关性，不稳定度、余额不稳定度5℃处的环境温度、温度层结中（中层）平均相对湿度是影响对流风暴中地闪活动的重要因子，对流风暴的地闪活动可通过这些因子进行预报。  相似文献   

长江三角洲环境地质调查评价GIS管理系统建设初探   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5  

于军 《工程地质学报》2002,10(1):103-107

长江三角洲是一个人口稠密、经济高度发达的地区 ,该区地质结构复杂、环境地质条件十分脆弱 ,长期以来因过量开采地下水 ,形成大面积区域性水位降落漏斗 ,诱发了相当严重的地面沉降、地裂缝等地质灾害 ,给当地经济可持续发展带来严重威胁。本文从开展长江三角洲环境地质调查评价的现实意义出发 ,探讨了长江三角洲环境地质调查评价GIS管理系统的系统目标、开发模式以及实现步骤 ,概括介绍了系统所应具有的功能 ,为长江三角洲项目信息系统建设提出了一条可行性思路。  相似文献   

闽江福州河段环境工程地质问题的评价研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

姚环  陈文庆 《工程地质学报》2002,10(2):166-171

江河环境工程地质问题是环境工程地质学研究的重要课题。江河沿岸环境地质条件是影响和决定沿江城市环境质量的重要背景 ;是控制和影响沿江河岸城市的环境容量和质量的重要因素。本文以闽江下游福州河段为例 ,概要评述了闽江福州河段的水动力条件和流水地质作用类型、强度等状况 ;分析研究了该河段的流水地质作用和地貌环境变化动态及其与沿江河岸人类各种工程建设活动的互相作用的特征和规律。对促进和提高沿江河岸人地系统和谐协调平衡发展水平 ,正确规划、预测和评价沿江河岸各类工程建设发展的经济和社会效益及其前景 ,都具有重要意义.  相似文献   

静压预制桩工程性状研究──以河南某电厂技改工程为例   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

蒋孝成  黄志全  张长存 《工程地质学报》2002,10(3):288-292

以河南某电厂技改工程为例 ,根据现场检测结果 ,探讨了影响静压预制桩沉桩深度成因 ,分析了静压桩承载力的分布规律。研究结果证明静压桩的沉桩深度和承载力与地基土的性状密切相关。对于河南某电厂技改工程场地 ,尽管桩端进入砂较小深度 ,却可以在桩端平面附近良好土层的作用下提供较大的端阻力。  相似文献