渔业社区管理在中国的实施探讨   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

唐建业  黄硕琳 《海洋通报》2006,25(4):63-68

传统的渔业管理强调了政府的直接控制管理,忽视了渔区在其中的作用。渔业社区管理是随着市场经济和政府管理的发展而被作为一种解决传统渔业管理困境的途径提出。为此,首先总结了渔业社区管理的概念,并对目前有关各国的实践进行分类。在此基础上,利用制度经济学的理论分析该管理制度的作用机制及实施条件。然后,分析该管理制度在我国实施的必要性和可行性,渔业社区管理是解决目前我国渔业管理中存在诸多问题的一种合适方案,且当前国家政策和渔区实际也为其提供良好的实施环境。最后,提出从政府管理者和渔民或与渔业相关的利害人两个方面创造实施渔业社区管理的条件。  相似文献   

以流动看世界——基于彼得·阿迪《流动性》的研究述评   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

蔡晓梅  卜美玲  李军 《热带地理》2020,40(3):455-465

“流动”正改变着人们的生存、生活和生产方式。流动性经历了从学科间独立的分散研究,到以地理学和社会学为主导的多学科研究,再转向新流动性范式下的跨学科研究。其中,彼得·阿迪（Peter Adey）的《流动性》（Mobility）（第二版）是一部梳理流动性演变脉络、解读理论并联系案例和方法的力作。因此,文章从流动性研究产生的背景、主要内容、研究方法与运用3个方面凝练该书观点,指出未来研究要跳出以二元对立看问题的思维方式,用一种网络化、关系式和辩证的思维洞察世界,在深度理解流动的意义、政治、实践和媒介基础上进行流动性研究。最后,文章基于国内研究现状,提出未来可以从流动性政治、流动性时空维度、旅游与流动性、流动主体的多元化、流动性研究方法等几个方面展开深入研究。  相似文献   

Fisheries traffic: The poor relation of port devolution. Lessons from Spanish state ports of general interest     

José I. Castillo-Manzano  David Florido-Del-Corral  Lourdes Lopez-Valpuesta 《Marine Policy》2010

The fisheries sector is currently contending with the hectic development of its own political economy framework being convulsed by the dynamics of decentralisation. This process is enshrouded in an environment of economic globalisation, taking place against the backdrop of the governance approach. With this situation as the starting point, the main goal of this paper is to quantify the effects that the Spanish port devolution process might have on the Spanish fisheries sector through the use of a transfer function model; the volumes of landings at State ports of general interest and their cash value are taken as dependent variables.  相似文献   

Tangled lines in New Zealand's quota management system: The process of including recreational fisheries     

Trude Borch 《Marine Policy》2010

This article uses New Zealand as a case study of processes relating to the inclusion of recreational fisheries in modern fisheries management systems based on Individual Transferable Quotas (ITQs). The New Zealand case highlights challenges governments often meet when attempting to integrate the recreational sector into fisheries management, including: (a) resistance to restrictions on what has historically been free-of-charge public access to fish for recreational purposes and (b) the fragmented character of the recreational sector, which makes it difficult to have recreational interests attend to their management role and responsibilities.  相似文献   

Dysfunctions in common fishing regulations     

Fernando González Laxe 《Marine Policy》2010

One of the main concerns of the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) lies in guaranteeing consistency among the different implemented actions. The main concern is establishing a relationship between the levels of compliance with the Multi-annual Guidance Programme (MAGP), the adoption of total allowable catches (TACs), and the levels of compliance with rules by producers.  相似文献   

A collective approach to Pacific islands fisheries management: Moving beyond regional agreements     

Quentin Hanich  Feleti Teo  Martin Tsamenyi 《Marine Policy》2010

The sustainable management and profitable development of the Pacific island tuna fisheries is the key ocean governance challenge for the Pacific islands region in the short and medium term. Resolving these challenges is fundamental to the long term future of the region and its ability to implement oceans governance across all resource and conservation concerns.  相似文献   

Socio-economic drivers and indicators for artisanal coastal fisheries in Pacific island countries and territories and their use for fisheries management strategies     

Mecki Kronen  Aliti Vunisea  Franck Magron  Brian McArdle 《Marine Policy》2010

This is the first regional study of artisanal fisheries in Pacific Island countries and territories that demonstrated that the future of the region's artisanal fishery sector and the livelihood of coastal communities will be highly dependent on alternative subsistence and income sources, which are necessary to reduce fishing pressure to a sustainable level to maintain ecosystem services and food security. The overall objective of this study was to identify socio-economic indicators and drivers to improve the understanding of the dynamics between socio-economic conditions and current exploitation levels of finfish and invertebrates of coastal communities in 17 Pacific Island countries and territories. We showed that exploitation rates and thus possible overexploitation are not solely the consequence of a simple demographic growth process but are in fact a result of the choices people have. Our results confirmed a close relationship between resource exploitation rates and economic development at the national level and the availability of alternative income opportunities at the community level. Multivariate analysis results suggest that communities in countries with somewhat unfavourable conditions and limited access to alternatives and fishing households in communities with overall favourable economic conditions are at highest vulnerability as they have the highest dependence on coastal fisheries resources. Alternative economic opportunities at the national scale and availability of alternative income at the community level vary significantly between cultural groups. Based on our results, the development of management strategies with realistic expectations of ensuring livelihood of coastal communities and sustainable resource use in Pacific Island countries and territories requires a hierarchical and integral approach. Major drivers identified at the regional, cultural and local levels should be used to identify priorities, to assess overall advantages and limitations at the different levels as well as the vulnerability of communities targeted, and to develop strategies accordingly.  相似文献   

Risk identification and perception in the fisheries sector: Comparisons between the Faroes,Greece, Iceland and UK     

Diana Tingley  Jóhann Ásmundsson  Edward Borodzicz  Alexis Conides  Ben Drakeford  Ingi Rúnar Eðvarðsson  Dennis Holm  Kostas Kapiris  Sakari Kuikka  Bogi Mortensen 《Marine Policy》2010

This paper presents the findings of risk identification and risk perception research conducted in relation to the fisheries systems of four distinct and diverse European countries: Faroes, Iceland, Greece and the UK. Risk research traditionally attempts to quantify the potential threat or consequences from a range of risk events or hazards. This research, however, adopted a social sciences perspective and so assumed that a risk event or hazard can mean different things to different people and that these perceptions are also context and culturally dependent. Risk perceptions were examined and risk registers developed in each country for a range of stakeholder groups. A ‘mental modelling’ approach was adopted in a series of qualitative interviews. Findings were examined in terms of a wide range of psychological, social and cultural risk theories. Differences in risk perceptions were noted between stakeholder groups and countries and contextual influences were examined such as the widely differing fisheries management systems used in each country. This research provides one of the first attempts to systematically evaluate risks and perceptions across a range of fisheries-systems. The findings support social science theories which argue that risk is a subjective, as opposed to objective, concept and that this subjectivity will therefore affect our attempts to assess and manage those hazards we think we can potentially influence or control.  相似文献   

Changing trust relations within the Dutch fishing industry: The case of National Study Groups     

Birgit I. de Vos  Arthur P.J. Mol 《Marine Policy》2010

This paper focuses on changing trust relationships among fishermen following new governance arrangements. The previous ‘thick’ trust relationships that characterized the Dutch fisheries industry under a neo-corporatist arrangement had resulted in an isolation of local fishermen groups vis-à-vis outsiders. However, under new governance arrangements, in particular the so-called Study Groups, these trust relationships are changing. The establishment of Study Groups, where fishermen from different localities have to cooperate on sustainability innovations in order to receive subsidies, lead to more diversity within the industry, more collaborations across localities and new forms of ‘thin’ trust. As such, these Study Groups can be understood as successful experiments in further opening up of the fisheries community.  相似文献   

Large bio-geographical shifts in the north-eastern Atlantic Ocean: From the subpolar gyre, via plankton, to blue whiting and pilot whales     

H. Htún  M.R. Payne  G. Beaugrand  P.C. Reid  A.B. Sand  H. Drange  B. Hansen  J.A. Jacobsen  D. Bloch 《Progress in Oceanography》2009,80(3-4):149-162

Pronounced changes in fauna, extending from the English Channel in the south to the Barents Sea in the north-east and off Greenland in the north-west, have occurred in the late 1920s, the late 1960s and again in the late 1990s. We attribute these events to exchanges of subarctic and subtropical water masses in the north-eastern North Atlantic Ocean, associated with changes in the strength and extent of the subpolar gyre. These exchanges lead to variations in the influence exerted by the subarctic or Lusitanian biomes on the intermediate faunistic zone in the north-eastern Atlantic. This strong and persistent bottom-up bio-physical link is demonstrated using a numerical ocean general circulation model and data on four trophically connected levels in the food chain – phytoplankton, zooplankton, blue whiting, and pilot whales. The plankton data give a unique basin-scale depiction of these changes, and a long pilot whale record from the Faroe Islands offers an exceptional temporal perspective over three centuries. Recent advances in simulating the dynamics of the subpolar gyre suggests a potential for predicting the distribution of the main faunistic zones in the north-eastern Atlantic a few years into the future, which might facilitate a more rational management of the commercially important fisheries in this region.  相似文献