Time and frequency domain coupled analysis of deepwater floating production systems     

Y.M. Low  R.S. Langley 《Applied Ocean Research》2006,28(6):371-385

The dynamic analysis of a deepwater floating structure is complicated by the fact that there can be significant coupling between the dynamics of the floating vessel and the attached risers and mooring lines. Furthermore, there are significant nonlinear effects, such as geometric nonlinearities, drag forces, and second order (slow drift) forces on the vessel, and for this reason the governing equations of motion are normally solved in the time domain. This approach is computationally intensive, and the aim of the present work is to develop and validate a more efficient linearized frequency domain approach. To this end, both time and frequency domain models of a coupled vessel/riser/mooring system are developed, which each incorporate both first and second order motions. It is shown that the frequency domain approach yields very good predictions of the system response when benchmarked against the time domain analysis, and the reasons for this are discussed. It is found that the linearization scheme employed for the drag forces on the risers and mooring lines yields a very good estimate of the resulting contribution to slow drift damping.  相似文献   

UV-B辐射对2种海洋微藻膜脂过氧化和脱酯化伤害     

王军  肖慧  冯蕾  蔡恒江  唐学玺 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2006,36(5):763-766

研究海洋生态系统在调节全球变化中的作用,采用生态毒理学的方法研究了UV-B辐射增强对2种海洋微藻膜的损伤及其差异性。结果表明,随着UV-B辐射剂量的增加,叉鞭金藻(Dicrateriasp.)和三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylum tricornu-tum)的光合速率降低。同时,膜相对透性增大,细胞内H2O2含量上升,微粒体膜中磷脂减少,游离脂肪酸增加。表明UV-B辐射增强使2种微藻的膜受到了严重伤害,而且膜伤害的加剧与活性氧的积累和由此引发的膜脂脱酯化有关。2种微藻细胞匀浆中丙二醛(MDA)含量无显著变化,而微粒体膜的MDA含量随着UV-B辐射剂量的加大显著提高。这表明UV-B辐射增强对2种海洋微藻膜的损伤可能是由膜脂过氧化和脱酯化作用共同引起的。  相似文献   

锯缘青蟹皮层反应与受精膜形成研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

康现江  李少菁  王桂忠  陈锦民 《海洋科学》2001,25(1):40-43

锯缘青蟹成熟卵子排出时具有两层卵黄膜，卵子排出后形成壳膜，与卵子附着有关。成熟卵子具有两种皮层颗粒，精子入卵后，皮层反应开始，两种皮层颗粒相继胞吐。首先由致密颗粒胞吐，形成一层很薄的膜性结构，接着环形颗粒大量胞吐，其内含物融合，并与外面薄层融合为受精膜。卵子质膜由于皮层颗粒胞吐作用形成镶嵌膜。  相似文献   

联合机制下黏土垫层多离子扩散模型     

张志红  韩林  吕清硕 《岩土力学》2022,43(2):539-548

扩散是工程领域中的一种重要现象,尤其是针对填埋场底部的压实黏土垫层。扩散过程受多种因素影响,如离子种类、离子价态和离子浓度等,因此建立准确的扩散模型对填埋场垫层系统设计和评估具有极其重要的意义。引入简化的Guntelberg活度系数表示真实溶液与理想溶液浓度值的偏差,采用化学势和扩散势共同表征多离子扩散的驱动力,并考虑黏土介质特有的半透膜性能对离子扩散规律的影响,建立了复杂机制联合作用下多组分并存时离子在黏土垫层中的扩散模型。采用多物理场仿真软件COMSOL Multiphysics对所建扩散模型进行数值求解,结果表明,黏土半透膜效应、溶液非理想性和扩散势均显著影响多离子扩散行为,考虑黏土半透膜效应及溶液非理想性条件下,多离子扩散进程明显减缓,考虑扩散势时,阳离子扩散速度显著提高。复杂机制联合作用下,多离子扩散规律并非单一影响机制的简单叠加,各机制之间相互制约共同影响多离子扩散行为。  相似文献   

Uptake and depuration of PAHs and chlorinated pesticides by semi-permeable membrane devices (SPMDs) and green-lipped mussels (Perna viridis)     

Bruce J. Richardson  Edmund S.-C. Tse  Sharon B. De Luca-Abbott  Michael Martin  Paul K.S. Lam 《Marine pollution bulletin》2005,51(8-12):975

Semi-batch seawater experiments were conducted to follow the uptake and release of selected PAHs (anthracene, fluorathene, pyrene and B[a]P) and organochlorine pesticides (α-HCH, aldrin, dieldrin, p,p′-DDT) in semi-permeable membrane devices (SPMDs) and green-lipped mussels (Perna viridis). Mathematical models were applied to describe the uptake and elimination curves of the contaminants for SPMDs, and kinetic parameters, such as uptake rate constants, and equilibrium triolein/water partitioning coefficients were calculated. SPMD data showed a good fit to estimate rate constant and partition coefficient equations, but only those contaminants which partitioned mainly in the dissolved phase (α-HCH and dieldrin) were well explained for mussels. Poor conformity of the other contaminants indicated mussels uptake by routes other than diffusion, such as ingestion of algae. An apparent equilibrium state was only noted for α-HCH in mussels. Aldrin was not detected in mussels in the first few days of exposure, indicating potential metabolism of this compound. B[a]P was not detected in the triolein of SPMDs, which suggests that the membrane may act as a reservoir. Loss of spiked B[a]P from the triolein was evident in a depuration experiment, which may indicate transfer to the membrane. Rate constants for mussels were higher than those for SPMDs, but the reverse was true for partition coefficients. Overall, mussels and SPMDs had similar uptake rates for all compounds in this study, excluding p,p′-DDT and dieldrin. Contaminant elimination took place more rapidly in mussels, implying that SPMDs are better candidates for detecting episodic discharge of organic contaminants.  相似文献   

Electrokinetic remediation of an electroplating site: design and scale-up for an in-situ application in the unsaturated zone   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

S. Wieczorek  H. Weigand  M. Schmid  C. Marb   《Engineering Geology》2005,77(3-4):203-215

In-situ electrokinetic remediation of contaminated soils requires integrated approaches and adequately engineered setups to control relevant mass fluxes. Based on laboratory findings, this study presents the design of a pilot-scale remediation at an operating electroplating site. The fine-textured soil developed from Jurassic limestone exhibits a chromium, copper, nickel, and zinc contamination down to depths of more than 4 m. The feasibility of an electrokinetic remediation in the unsaturated zone was tested in a lab-scale experiment with subsoil material sampled at the site. The electrodes were placed in water-impermeable, ion-selective membrane wells. This construction allows the necessary watering of the electrodes, maintains unsaturated conditions in the soil compartment, and enables the transfer of contaminant ions into the wells. In addition, the soil is protected from pH changes caused by water electrolysis at the electrodes. The setup includes a watering and drainage system to compensate the electroosmotic water flux and impede desiccation of the anodic region. With a direct current of 70 V and an electric field strength of 2.2 V cm⁻¹, contaminant removal rates amounted up to 27% and 66% (w/w) of the initial zinc/copper and chromium/nickel concentrations. Copper, nickel, and zinc accumulated in the cathode well, while chromate species were enriched in the anode well. Given the successful lab-scale remediation, the pilot plant was designed for the in-situ treatment of a soil volume of 12 m³ below a production hall. A power of 500 V DC at a maximum current of 30 A is supplied by a transformer rectifier. This yields an electric field strength comparable to the lab-scale experiment and thereby similar contaminant transport velocities. A vacuum distillation unit is employed for process water reuse and to control electrolyte conductivity. To cope with chlorine gas generation at the anodes a gas absorber unit is employed. According to the lab-scale results, about 2, 9, 9, and 15 kg zinc, chromium, copper, and nickel, respectively, are expected to be removed from the field plot during an operation time of 10 months.  相似文献   

非对称天然沸石陶瓷膜的制备及其性能表征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张学斌  胡晓翠  陈小丽  刘杏芹 《矿物学报》2007,27(1):6-10

利用天然沸石为主要原料,制备出具有过滤功能和重金属离子吸附功能的天然沸石非对称陶瓷膜。非对称膜中支撑体、中间层膜和顶层膜的平均孔径分别为6.6μm、0.6μm和0.1μm。非对称膜单位压力降(1 MPa)下的氮气通量和水通量分别为:24.69×103m3/(m2h)和1.87×103m3/(m2h);对重金属离子(铅离子)吸附交换能力为7.13 mg/g。  相似文献   

A comparison of two numerical models for the prediction of vibrations from underground railway traffic   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

S. Gupta  M.F.M. Hussein  G. Degrande  H.E.M. Hunt  D. Clouteau 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2007,27(7):608-624

Two prediction models for calculating vibration from underground railways are developed: the pipe-in-pipe model and the coupled periodic finite element–boundary element (FE–BE) model.The pipe-in-pipe model is a semi-analytical three-dimensional model that accounts for the dynamic interaction between the track, the tunnel and the soil. The continuum theory of elasticity in cylindrical coordinates is used to model two concentric pipes: an inner pipe to represent the tunnel wall and an outer pipe to represent the surrounding soil. The tunnel and soil are coupled accounting for equilibrium of stresses and compatibility of displacements at the tunnel–soil interface. This method assumes that the tunnel is invariant in the longitudinal direction and the problem is formulated in the frequency–wavenumber domain using a Fourier transformation. A track, formulated as an Euler–Bernoulli beam, is then coupled to this model. Results are transformed to the space domain using the inverse Fourier transform.The coupled periodic FE–BE model is based on a subdomain formulation, where a boundary element method is used for the soil and a finite element method for the tunnel. The Craig–Bampton substructuring technique is used to efficiently incorporate the track in the tunnel. The periodicity of the tunnel is exploited using the Floquet transformation to formulate the track–tunnel–soil interaction problem in the frequency–wavenumber domain and to compute the wave field radiated into the soil.An invariant concrete tunnel, embedded in a homogeneous full space is analyzed using both approaches. The pipe-in-pipe model offers an exact solution to this problem, which is used to validate the coupled periodic FE–BE model. The free field response due to a harmonic load in the tunnel is predicted and results obtained with both models are compared. The advantages and limitations of both models are highlighted. The coupled periodic FE–BE model has a greater potential as it can account for the complex periodic geometry of the tunnel and the layering in a soil medium. The effect of coupling a floating slab to the tunnel–soil system is also studied with both models by calculating the insertion gain.  相似文献   

膜基—气体吸收耦合分离混合气中CO₂性能评价          下载免费PDF全文

陆建刚  郑有飞  连平  陈敏东 《大气科学学报》2007,30(6):881-884

在膜基—气体吸收耦合实验装置上,评价了疏水性PP(聚丙烯)微孔膜,活化MDEA(N-甲基二乙醇胺)溶液分离混合气中CO₂传质性能,研究了气液流速、吸收剂和混合气的浓度等因素对总传质系数的影响,采用阻力层关联方程模型预测总传质系数K_ov值。结果表明:活化MDEA溶液能提高总传质系数K_ov值,模型的计算值和实验值符合较好。  相似文献   

A note on the hydrodynamics of a tail tube buoy     

Umesh A. Korde   《Ocean Engineering》2000,27(12)

This note presents some analytical results for a tail–tube buoy configuration frequently used in wave energy conversion. The overall approach is based on Falnes and McIver's (Falnes, J., McIver, P., 1985. Surface wave interactions with systems of oscillating bodies and pressure distributions. Applied Ocean Research 7 (4), 225–234) extension to floating oscillating water columns of Evans' (Evans, D.V., 1982. Wave power absorbtion by systems of oscillating surface pressure distributions. Journal of Fluid Mechanics 114, 481–499) theory of oscillating pressure distributions. The diffraction air-flow flux through the tube and the diffraction wave force on the flotation collar are obtained using the formulation of Garrett (1970, 1971) (Garrett, C.J.R., 1970. Bottomless harbours. Journal of Fluid Mechanics 43 (3), 433–449. Garrett, C.J.R., 1971. Wave forces on a circular dock. Journal of Fluid Mechanics 46 (1), 129–139). Results can be used in sizing the tube and collar for efficient energy conversion.  相似文献