青藏高原青海湖流域环境与经济协调性评价(英文)   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王建华  田景汉  李小雁  马育军  伊万娟 《地理学报(英文版)》2011,21(5):949-960

Qinghai Lake Watershed (QLW) is a hot place of a series of ecological restoration and environmental remediation programs nowadays.However,little information is available on change of ecosystem service and economic practice in this area.As ecosystem service and natural capital are closely related with social and economic development,an index of concordance between environment and economy (ICEE) has been proposed to compare the annual variation rate of ecosystem service value (RESV) with that of gross domestic product (RGDP).Using this Index,we have assessed concordance between environment and economy (CEE) for the QLW in the period 1977-2004.The result showed that from 1977 to 2004,the ecosystem service value in the QLW descended from 128.81×10 8 yuan to 127.32×10 8 yuan;In contrast,the GDP increased from 0.931×10 8 yuan to 8.856×10 8 yuan.The values of the I CEE were -1.14,-0.22,and -0.14 in the stages of 1977-1987,1987-2000 and 2000-2004,respectively.The result indicated that during the first stage 1977-1987,the relationship between environment and economy in the QLW was not concordant but at a high conflict;from 1987 to 2004,there was a low conflict between environment and economy,and the CEE appeared to increase slowly.Analysis of the assessment results showed that the national policies and industrial adjustment practice play an important role in the CEE changes.  相似文献   

基于空间模型的全球粮食安全评价   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

吴文斌  唐华俊  杨鹏  游良志  周清波  陈仲新  柴崎亮介 《地理学报(英文版)》2011,21(1):3-17

This paper presents a scenario-based assessment of global future food security. To do that,the socio-economic and climate change scenarios were defined for the future and were linked to an integrated modeling framework. The crop yields simulated by the GIS-based Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (EPIC) model and crop areas simulated by the crop choice decision model were combined to calculate the total food production and per capita food availability,which was used to represent the status of food availability and stability. The per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP) simulated by IFPSIM model was used to reflect the situation of food accessibility and affordability. Based on these two indicators,the future food security status was assessed at a global scale over a period of approximately 20 years,starting from the year 2000. The results show that certain regions such as South Asia and most African countries will likely remain hotspots of food insecurity in the future as both the per capita food availability and the capacity of being able to import food will decrease between 2000 and 2020. Low food production associated with poverty is the determining factor to starvation in these regions,and more efforts are needed to combat hunger in terms of future actions. Other regions such as China,most Eastern European countries and most South American countries where there is an increase in per capita food availability or an increase in the capacity to import food between 2000 and 2020 might be able to improve their food security situation.  相似文献   

Geo-politics and freshwater fish introductions: How the Cold War shaped Europe's fish allodiversity     

J. Robert Britton  Rodolphe E. Gozlan 《Global Environmental Change》2013,23(6):1566-1574

Activities that manipulate ecosystems to support economic activities provide major introduction pathways for non-native species. As such, substantial differences in the socioeconomic conditions between countries could influence how ecosystems are manipulated and thus impact the composition of their communities of non-native species. Here, we compared the influence of freshwater fish aquaculture production and macro-socioeconomic drivers on the freshwater fish allodiversity of Europe between 1970 and 2009. A divergence in the socio-economic conditions of Europe prevailed during much of the latter half of the 20th Century as a result of the Cold War. For example, GDP and GDP per capita were significantly higher in Western bloc countries compared to the Eastern bloc. In this 39 year period, aquaculture production in Eastern bloc countries was dominated by Asian cyprinid fish whereas in Western bloc countries it was dominated by the North American rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Analysis of a European database on introduced fish into the wild from aquaculture revealed that in entirety, there were 279 separate freshwater fish introductions in Europe associated with aquaculture (Eastern bloc 118, Western bloc 161), involving 117 species from 32 families. There was relatively low homogeneity in these introduced fishes between the two blocs; only 28 species were introduced into both. Western bloc countries also had significantly more introduced fishes and more introduction events, and less similarity in the introduced fishes between their countries. Aquaculture production was a significant predictor of the number of non-native freshwater fish across all the countries, although additional factors, especially human population size and GDP per capita, were also significant predictors. Thus, aquaculture has been a strong introduction pressure in Europe and provides a reliable predictor of fish allodiversity.  相似文献   

许昌市环境污染与自然资源经济损失估算及分析     

申艳萍 《河南气象》2008,31(1):66-69

在分析国内外绿色GDP、真实储蓄率等相关理论研究和应用的基础上,采用科学的环境成本估算方法,对河南省许昌市“十五”期间大气、水、噪声、固体废物污染以及自然资源耗损造成的经济损失进行核算,结果表明,“十五”期间许昌市付出的环境成本为61．17亿元,占GDP的2．76％,高于同期环保投入,说明该城市的环境形势十分严峻。  相似文献   

基于生态足迹模型的新疆区域生态经济可持续发展能力变化分析   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6  

王国刚  杨德刚  乔旭宁  杨莉  唐宏 《冰川冻土》2009,31(5):969-975

生态足迹模型是定量评估区域生态可持续发展能力的有效方法.运用生态足迹模型,从时序上对新疆1990—2006年的生态经济可持续发展能力进行了动态评估,并引入Ulanowicz发展能力和万元GDP生态赤字(盈余)等指标,考察了社会、经济发展和技术进步对新疆可持续发展的影响.结果表明:1990—2006年间新疆生态足迹增长较快,尤其是2001年以后,总量和人均量增长迅速,而人均生态承载力却呈下降趋势,导致人均生态赤字逐年增大,到2006年人均生态赤字达3.87hm2,比1990年增大了5.6倍;生态压力主要集中在耕地、化石能源地和牧草地等三种土地类型上,土地多样化利用程度低,发展力的提升主要来自于生态足迹的增长和区域资源利用效率的提高.针对性的提出:加大政府财政投入,引进新技术,增加单位土地面积的产出量;加强政策落实力度,提高土地化利用程度和能源利用效率,促进新疆区域生态经济系统的可持续发展能力.  相似文献   

Quick and Approximate Estimation of Earthquake Loss Based on Macroscopic Index of Exposure and Population Distribution   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Qi-Fu Chen  Yong Chen  Jie Liu  Ling Chen 《Natural Hazards》1997,15(2-3):215-229

In the traditional method of earthquake loss estimation, all exposed facilities are classified according to their structural type and/or occupancy. Inventory data is collected and the total loss is estimated as the aggregate of all facility losses from each facility class separately. For many regions of the world, however, the vast amount of data required for this method is difficult or impossible to obtain. The traditional method is also unable to estimate quickly the loss from an unexpected catastrophic earthquake. It is difficult to give the necessary risk information to help the government with rescue and relief after the earthquake disaster.In this paper, we propose a quick and approximate estimation method of earthquake loss based on a macroscopic index of exposure and population distribution from GIS. This method was applied to analyze several earthquake scenarios with World Bank and CIESIN data. The preliminary analysis and comparison results show that our method is effective and reasonable for quick assessment of earthquake risk.  相似文献   

中国山区经济发展的区域差异   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

陈国阶  周后珍 《山地学报》2003,21(4):435-441

中国区域经济发展不平衡除呈东中西部三大地带的差异外,还呈平原、丘陵、山区发展的差距。在此基础上,叠加城乡经济发展差异,形成犬牙交错的多维、多梯度差异。人均GDP由东部城市、中部城市、东部整体、西部城市、东部丘陵、东部山区、中部整体、西部总体、中部丘陵、中部山区、西部丘陵、西部山区逐渐降低。人均GDP的最大差距出现在珠江三角洲和长江三角洲的大中城市与宁夏、甘肃、贵州等省(区)的山区之间。区域经济发展不平衡主要受第二三产业发展水平差异的影响,受第一产业的影响较小。中国要实现全面小康,必须逐步缩小区域之间的发展差距,关键是加快西部山区的发展。  相似文献   

旅游业对国内生产总值的影响分析——以兴文石海世界地质公园为例     

魏雅丽  曾雪丹 《四川地质学报》2009,(Z1):50-55

旅游业关联效应极强,对区域经济有明显的带动作用。旅游业作为国民经济的一个影响因素,其收入的多少直接影响地区国内生产总值(GDP)。同时,旅游业通过关联效应带动相关产业发展,又对国内生产总值产生二次拉动效应。兴文石海世界地质公园自建立以来,其旅游业的发展对兴文县的国内生产总值起到了一定的带动作用。采用计量经济学的基本分析方法,以约翰·梅纳德·凯恩斯的乘数理论和柯布—道格拉斯的生产函数为依据,可以定量分析出旅游业对兴文国内生产总值的影响。通过分析兴文县旅游业的发展对县域经济的带动作用,对兴文县旅游业的管理和发展提出相应的建议和对策。  相似文献   

广东省外来劳动力与GDP增长的互动关系研究     

罗志辉  甘巧林 《热带地理》2006,26(1):45-50

从纵向和横向两个方面构建研究指标,运用相关分析方法研究了外来劳动力与广东GDP增长的关系,并从产业结构和人才两个方面探讨其原因,然后提出了一些如何吸引和培养人才,以适应产业升级的建议,最后得出以下结论:外来劳动力的数量和广东省GDP、人均GDP的总量及增量关系密切,外来劳动力对广东GDP作出了巨大的贡献,进而推断出广东省竞争力较强的产业依然以劳动密集型产业为主,产业升级任重道远.  相似文献   

基于GDP系统AVG数据格式与开发研究     

柳建新  王贵财  佟铁钢 《物探化探计算技术》2007,29(6):537-541

GDP系列大地电磁系统是美国zonge公司的产品,自上世纪八十年代进入我国后,该系统在很多部门得到了应用和推广,在资源勘探、工程地质、灾害探测等领域发挥了巨大作用。由于zonge公司随仪器配套的软件有限,在实际应用中,需要根据实际情况要求进行一些特定的数据处理。人们在后期数据处理中涉及最多的是AVG数据文件,为了更好地进行二次开发,有必要对AVG文件格式进行研究。鉴于此,这里先对AVG文件的数据格式作了详细的解释,再提出在读取过程中所要解决的问题及其解决方法,然后给出了读取其数据格式的主要程序代码,最后给出了读取文件的实例,说明了程序的正确性。  相似文献