冻融循环作用下砂岩蠕变特性及损伤模型研究     

陈国庆  万亿  裴本灿  米冠宇 《工程地质学报》2020,28(1):19-28

青藏高原高寒地区岩体长期稳定性受冻融作用影响显著,有必要开展冻融岩石的时效性特征研究。为探讨砂岩在冻融循环作用下的蠕变劣化特性,基于不同冻融循环次数后石英砂岩及红砂岩单轴蠕变试验结果,深入分析了冻融循环对砂岩各蠕变阶段的影响特征。研究表明,在非屈服应力条件下,试样在衰减蠕变阶段的蠕变时长随着冻融循环次数的增加而明显减小,对应蠕变量及蠕变速率增大;在屈服应力条件下,试样进入加速蠕变阶段的应力阈值随着冻融循环次数的增加而逐渐降低,对应从稳定蠕变到加速破坏所经历的时间更短,破坏时累计的应变增量更大;在长期荷载作用下,试样的宏观破裂形态随循环次数的增加逐步由单一斜剪切破坏模式向共轭断面拉剪复合型破坏模式演化。根据试验结果,提出了具有冻融与长期受荷劣化特征的非定常性黏弹性系数损伤演化方程,将其引入西原模型构建了考虑冻融损伤的砂岩蠕变本构模型。利用冻融后红砂岩蠕变试验数据对模型进行了参数辨识与比较分析,验证了模型的正确性及适用性。通过对模型参数进行拟合分析,揭示了黏弹性冻融损伤系数随冻融循环次数的变化规律,表明了长期受荷损伤参数具有控制加速蠕变幅度的重要作用。研究结果对于高寒山区岩体长期稳定性评价具有一定意义。  相似文献   

黔西月亮田矿区龙潭组泥岩地球化学特征及指示意义          下载免费PDF全文

周泽  慕熙玮  汪凌霞 《贵州地质》2020,37(1):24-30

通过广泛调研前人研究成果、月亮田矿区地勘资料,区域地质背景,钻取并测试区内两口钻井的17件泥岩样品;运用地球化学指标指示沉积环境,对区内龙潭组泥岩地球化学特征及地质意义进行了详细研究。结果表明:区内龙潭组沉积主体时期长期处于温湿气候,利于植物繁殖;古水体以淡水环境为主,间或有短暂海侵;沉积水体以贫氧至厌氧的弱氧化至还原性环境为主,为区域聚煤作用提供了良好条件;龙潭组物源以来自大陆岛弧的玄武岩为主。研究结果符合贵州省大地构造背景,不仅进一步佐证了研究区在晚二叠世龙潭期作为沉降区,长期接受玄武岩物源沉积,也揭示了古沉积环境及物源区构造背景,为区域地质研究提供了新的理论支持。  相似文献   

中国锂矿地球化学背景与空间分布: 远景区预测     

王学求  刘汉粮  王玮  周建  张必敏  徐善法 《地球学报》2020,41(6):797-806

由于锂在新能源领域的大量需求和不可替代性, 锂矿成为关键资源调查和研究的热点。本文以全国采集的12 118件岩石样品和3394个汇水域沉积物样品数据为基础, 首次提供了中国锂地球化学背景和时空分布数据, 在此基础上划分了全国19个锂矿远景区。根据全国4101件岩浆岩, 6209件沉积岩, 1808件变质岩样品数据得出如下结论: 全国岩石锂平均含量为29.22×10–6, 侵入岩25.22×10–6, 火山岩22.92×10–6, 沉积岩为31.45×10–6, 变质岩为32.30×10–6; 在侵入岩中锂含量从酸性到中性、基性、超基性岩由高到低依次降低, 侵入岩中加里东期、喜马拉雅期、印支期和燕山期锂含量明显高于其它其次; 沉积地层中泥质岩类锂含量最高, 平均含量达50×10–6, 是地壳克拉克值的4倍; 地层中锂含量由高到低依次为: 三叠系, 石炭系、寒武系、白垩系、侏罗系、志留系、奥陶系、元古宇、二叠系、古近系和新近系、太古宇。依据全国汇水域沉积物地球化学数据, 共圈出31个地球化学异常, 归为19个锂地球化学省, 分为4种类型: 花岗伟晶岩和花岗岩有关的锂地球化学异常, 盐湖与地下卤水型锂地球化学异常, 泥质岩类有关的锂地球化学异常, 次生风化黏土有关的锂地球化学异常, 其中全国多处新发现的地球化学异常, 特别是与泥质岩类有关和干旱盆地有关的锂异常, 对锂矿找矿具有重要指导意义。  相似文献   

Plume interaction and mantle heterogeneity:A geochemical perspective     

《地学前缘(英文版)》2020,11(5):1571-1579

Mantle plumes originating from the Core-Mantle Boundary(CMB) or the Mantle Transition Zone(MTZ) play an important role in material transfer through Earth's interior.The hotspot-related plumes originate through different mechanisms and have diverse processes of material transfer.Both the Morganian plumes and large low shear wave velocity provinces(LLSVPs) are derived from the D " layer in the CMB,whereas the Andersonian plumes originate from the upper mantle.All plumes have a plume head at the Moho,although the LLSVPs have an additional plume head at the MTZ.We compare the geochemical characteristics of various plumes in an attempt to evaluate the material exchange between the plumes and mantle layers.The D" layer,the LLSVPs and the Morganian plumes are consisted of subducted slab and post-perovskite from the lower mantle.Bridgmanite would crystallize during the upwelling process of the LLSVPs and the Morganian plumes in the lower mantle,and the residual is a basalt-trachyte suite.Unlike the Morganian plumes,the crystallization in the LLSVPs is insufficient that material accumulates beneath the MTZ to form a plume head.Typically,the secondary plumes above the plume head occur at the edge of the LLSVPs because it is easier for bridgmanite crystal separating from the plume head at the edge,and the residual material with low density upwells to form the secondary plumes.Meanwhile,Na and K are enriched during the long-term crystallization process,and then the basalt-phonolite suite appears in the LLSVPs.The geochemical characteristics of Andersonian plumes suggest that the basalt-rhyolite suite is the major component in the upper mantle.Meanwhile the basalt-rhyolite suite also appears in the LLSVPs and the Morganian plumes because of the assimilation and contamination in the plume head beneath the Mono.  相似文献   

Responses of humpback whales to a changing climate in the Southern Hemisphere: Priorities for research efforts     

Jan-Olaf Meynecke  Elisa Seyboth  Jasper De Bie  Jan-Lukas Menzel Barraqueta  Abdoulkadri Chama  Subhra Prakash Dey  Serena Blyth Lee  Vivitskaia Tulloch  Marcello Vichi  Ken Findlay  Alakendra Narayan Roychoudhury  Brendan Mackey 《Marine Ecology》2020,41(6):e12616

Globally, baleen whales were severely depleted by historic whaling. Recovering populations have been observed to alter their behaviour. These changes have been attributed to climate change in some cases and raise concerns over the successful recovery of baleen whale populations. Current data-driven statistical habitat and behavioural models have proven useful for addressing questions of whale distribution changes within their limitations. Given observed changes in oceanic conditions, a new approach to managing baleen whale population recovery is necessary. Model predictions of future whale movements and distributions under climate change scenarios are vital to enable adequate conservation management. This paper presents a new perspective on understanding the impacts of climate change on humpback whales, arguing the need for a system-based multidisciplinary research approach. Our approach includes coupled, mechanistic models based upon robust ecological principles, and integrates key physical, biogeochemical, biological and ecological modules to address long-term changes associated with climate change. To illustrate the need for this system-based multidisciplinary approach, we focus on Southern Hemisphere humpback whales, the recovery of which may be impacted by rapid changes in habitat conditions brought about by anthropogenic climate change.  相似文献   

Daily and inter-tidal variations of Fe,Mn and Hg in the water column of a contaminated salt marsh: Halophytes effect     

A.I. Lillebø  M. Válega  M. Otero  M.A. Pardal  E. Pereira  A.C. Duarte 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2010

It has been shown that salt marshes may function as efficient sinks for contaminants, namely for mercury. At the rhizo-sediment Hg may be associated with Mn and Fe oxyhydroxides, precipitated as sulphides or incorporated into organic matter. However, to our knowledge, in situ studies have not focused on the related processes at a daily or tidal cycle scales. Thus, the present work aims to study the effect of a common salt marsh halophyte in temperate latitudes (Sarcocornia perennis) on dissolved Fe, Mn and Hg concentrations in the water column. The in situ approach was carried out at a mercury-contaminated salt marsh and at the adjacent non-vegetated area (distance ≤ 4 m), covering two consecutive tidal cycles in order to include the photosynthetic active period and the night processes. During high tide no daily or spatial effects were observed on the concentrations of Mn, Fe and Hg in the water column, due to the dilution effect of the incoming seawater. During low tide the concentrations of Mn, Fe and Hg were significantly higher in the overlaying water column of the salt marsh. At S. perennis mats the concentration of dissolved total Hg was significantly related with the concentration of Mn (r = 0.459, p = 0.028, n = 23), but not with that of Fe (r = 0.367, p = 0.085, n = 23) while no significant relations were found at the adjacent non-vegetated sediments.  相似文献   

Simple parameterisations for describing N and P diagenetic processes: Application in the North Sea   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Nathalie Gypens  Christiane Lancelot 《Progress in Oceanography》2008,76(1):89-110

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塔里木盆地西部地区中奥陶统一间房组沉积演化及其控制因素     

郭川  陈代钊  付勇  宋亚芳  汪远征 《地质学报》2022,96(11):3924-3942

塔里木盆地中奥陶统一间房组沉积演化和沉积层序的发育特征及其控制因素目前还存在争议。选择塔里木盆地西部良里塔格山地区一间房组为研究对象,基于沉积相和高频米级沉积旋回类型的识别及其垂向叠置样式的分析,明确一间房组的沉积演化和沉积层序的发育特征及其控制因素。研究表明：(1)一间房组沉积时期,良里塔格山地区整体为一个碳酸盐岩缓坡沉积体系,主要发育10种岩相类型和2个沉积相带(潮缘—局限潮下带和开阔潮下带);(2)一间房组发育两种高频米级沉积旋回,分别为潮缘—局限潮下沉积旋回和开阔潮下沉积旋回;(3)识别出2个半三级层序,层序界面主要为岩性转换面,其中一个完整的三级层序包括海侵体系域和海退体系域两部分;(4)沉积演化与层序发育的主要控制因素包括古地理格局、沉积微地貌及不同级次的相对海平面变化。其中古地理格局控制着整体的沉积相带分布,沉积微地貌决定着特定岩相(如瓶筐石礁)发育的优势部位,不同级次相对海平面变化则制约着沉积相的时空演化。  相似文献   

57～48万年前东亚夏季风的神农架石笋记录   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

童凯  汪永进  程海  姜修洋 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2007,27(4):111-116

应用MC-ICP-MS和MAT-253质谱技术,实测神农架山宝洞一支长达1.2 m石笋(SB32)的3个230Th年龄和236个氧同位素数据。在年龄误差范围内,运用天文轨道调谐方法重建了570~480 kaBP时段百年至千年际分辨率东亚夏季风降水记录。该记录跨越4个完整的岁差旋回,在岁差周期上石笋δ18O平均振幅达4‰。研究时段内东亚夏季风轨道尺度变化仍然受太阳辐射的控制。石笋记录的深海氧同位素阶段MIS14/13转换过程与末次冰消期具有类似特征。一系列千年尺度事件叠加在岁差周期夏季风变化趋势上,表明千年尺度气候变化是地球气候系统内部自我维持的固有频率,可能属于海-陆-气相互作用的结果。  相似文献   

山东省17市土壤地球化学基准值   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

庞绪贵  代杰瑞  喻超  任天龙  刘华峰  张华平  曹洪松  曾宪东  任文凯  王增辉  赵西强  王存龙  王红晋  董健 《山东国土资源》2019,35(1)

自2003年开始,历时15余年,在山东省开展了深层土壤地球化学调查,深层土壤样品采样密度为1点/4km2,16 km2组合成1件分析样,分析测试Ag,As,Au,B等54项指标;在基本查明全省土壤地球化学基准值基础上,进一步以17市行政区为单元,统计并研究了其深层土壤地球化学参数,确定了山东省17市土壤地球化学基准值,为山东省17市基础地质研究及地质找矿与区划等提供了基础数据。  相似文献