温度对草鱼能量收支的影响   总被引：43，自引：0，他引：43  

崔奕波  陈少莲  王少梅 《海洋与湖沼》1995,26(2):169-174

于１９９２年４月－１９９２年５月在２２，２６及３０℃，以莴苣叶为食物，不限量摄食，测定草鱼的能量收支。结果表明，草鱼摄食率及生长率均随温度上升而增加；最大摄食率与水温的关系温度对食物能分配于能量收支各组分的比例没有显著影响，在３个温度测定的平均能量收支式为：１００ｃ＝２９．８９Ｆ＋３．３０Ｕ＋５２．４８Ｒ＋１４．３４Ｇ，式中Ｃ为食物能，Ｆ为排粪能，Ｕ为排泄能，Ｒ为代谢能，Ｇ为生长能。  相似文献   

细胞外钙和钾离子对调节离体鲤脑垂体促性腺激素分泌的影响     

林信伟  李英文  林浩然 《海洋与湖沼》1995,26(3):295-301

作者于１９９０年９月－１９９１年１月采用离体灌流培育方法对鲤鱼脑垂体促性激素的分泌调节进行研究。结果表明，脑垂体基础促性腺激素（ＧｔＨ）分泌不依赖于细胞外钙离子（Ｃａ＾２＋）；但脉冲式鲑鱼促性腺激素释放激素（ｓＧｎＲＨ）刺激的ＧｔＨ分泌，则依赖于细胞外Ｃａ＾２＋且细胞外Ｃａ＾２＋的作用至少部分通过电位敏感性Ｃａ＾２＋通道。５０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ高浓度钾离子（Ｋ＾＋）显著刺激脑垂体基础ＧｔＨ分泌，Ｋ＾＋的  相似文献   

鲮的胚后发育   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

毕晔  谭细畅  李跃飞  李新辉 《广东海洋大学学报》2008,28(6)

经人工授精获得鲮(Cirrhinus molitorella)受精卵,观察其胚后发育,描述9个主要发育期的仔鱼形态特征。结果表明,鲮胚后发育的主要特征是:身体较为透明,淡黄色,体形短小,孵出时,体长4.7mm,肌节数36(10+16+10);鳔一室期后,其胸鳍基部有2～3个黑色素花,头部较为尖突,尾柄下具黑斑;出膜5d后,全长7.1mm,卵黄被完全吸收,尾锥开始上翘;经过25d的生长和发育,进人幼鱼阶段,此时平均全长达30.1mm,初步呈成鱼体征。为监测及保护珠江水系早期鲮鱼资源,讨论鲮与其他几种常见鱼类胚后发育形态差异。  相似文献   

Genetic mapping and QTL analysis for body weight in Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian) compared with mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)     

顾颖  鲁翠云  张晓峰  李超  俞菊华  孙效文 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2015,33(3):636-649

We report the genetic linkage map of Jian carp(C yprinus carpio var. Jian). An F1 population comprising 94 Jian carp individuals was mapped using 254 microsatellite markers. The genetic map spanned 1 381.592 c M and comprised 44 linkage groups,with an average marker distance of 6.58 c M. We identified eight quantitative trait loci(QTLs) for body weight(BW) in seven linkage groups,explaining 12.6% to 17.3% of the phenotypic variance. Comparative mapping was performed between Jian carp and mirror carp( Cyprinus carpio L.),which both have 50 chromosomes. One hundred and ninety-eight Jian carp marker loci were found in common with the mirror carp map,with 186(93.94%) showing synteny. All 44 Jian carp linkage groups could be one-to-one aligned to the 44 mirror carp linkage groups,mostly sharing two or more common loci. Three QTLs for BW in Jian carp were conserved in mirror carp. QTL comparison suggested that the QTL confidence interval in mirror carp was more precise than the homologous interval in Jian carp,which was contained within the QTL interval in Jian carp. The syntenic relationship and consensus QTLs between the two varieties provide a foundation for genomic research and genetic breeding in common carp.  相似文献   

微型生态系统中鲢、鳙下行影响的实验研究——2.营养物水平   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

阮景荣  戎克文  王少梅 《湖泊科学》1995,(4)

鲢、鳙放养使微型生态系统的水柱氮、磷浓度和磷的分布发生了明显的变化。至实验结束时,各实验组的水柱颗粒磷、总磷和氨氮浓度都比对照组高,而正磷酸盐浓度和沉积物磷的量均低于对照组。这种变化以鳙单养系统为最大,其次是鲢、鳙混养系统,鲢单养系统的变化最小。微型生态系统中正磷酸盐浓度同浮游动、植物密度和初级生产力显著相关,氨氮浓度同所述变量之间的相关关系则多半与正磷酸盐相反。实验观测期间浮游植物密度与总磷浓度之间存在营养级联假说所预见的下行影响,实验结束时二者之间却有上行影响的趋向。根据实验观测结果认为,微型生态系统营养物(尤其是磷)水平的变动,主要是鲢、鳙的摄食改变了系统的群属结构和代谢强度的结果,同时反映了实验鱼对系统中营养物再生的影响。  相似文献   

Effect of lead on cytoskeletal protein stability in crucian carp Carassius auratus     

成嘉  张东裔  褚武英  刘芳  刘臻  周瑞雪  蒙涛  张建社 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2008,26(4)

Inorganic lead (Pb) is one of the most common environmental pollutants. Much evidence indicates that Pb exposure could directly affect fish growth and development. In this study, we investigated the cytotoxic effects of Pb on cytoskeletal protein stability at both protein and mRNA level in crucian carp Carassius auratus. Pb(NO3)2 treatment in concentration of 100 μmol/L resulted in decreased expression of both α- and β-tubulin but γ-tubulin as assayed with SDS-PAGE, Western Blot, and ELISA. In vivo and in vitro analyses on protein expression of tubulins are consistent. The effect of Pb on mRNA expression varied among different tissues. Our results suggest that cytotoxicity of Pb at protein translation level is stronger than at mRNA expression level.  相似文献   

Existence of Microsatellites in Expressed Sequence Tags of Common Carp （Cyprinus carpio L. ） Available in GenBank dbEST Database     

HU Jingjie WANG Xiaolong HU Xiaoli BAO Zhenmin 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2006,5(1):12-20

Common carp expressed sequence tags （ESTs） were analyzed for the existence of microsatellites, or simple sequence repeats （SSRs）. In the NCBI dbEST database, a total of 10612 sequences were registered before December 31, 2004. A complete search of 2-6 nucleotide microsatellites resulted in the identification of 513 SSR-containing ESTs, accounting for 4.8% of the total. Cluster analysis indicated that 73 sequences of SSR-containing ESTs fell into 27 groups and the remaining 440 ESTs were independent. A total of 467 unique SSR-containing ESTs were identified. These EST-SSRs contained a vari- ety of simple sequence types, and di- and tri-nucleotide repeats were the most abundant, accounting for 42.1% and 27.9% of the whole, respectively. Of the dinucleotide repeats, CA/TG was the most abundant, followed by GA/TC. BLASTx search showed that 38.1% of the SSR loci could be associated with genes or proteins of known or unknown function. BLASTx searches of SSR-containing ESTs also showed high frequencies （98/179） of hits on zebrafish sequences.  相似文献   

Coupled influence of flow velocity and water temperature on grass carp swimming behaviour and gonad development     

Hongrui Liu  Xin-An Yin  Xintian Qiu  Jinglan Qin  Wei Yang  Jun Zhang 《水文研究》2021,35(4):e14052

Reproductive migration is an essential phase in the life of many fish. During this process, swimming behaviour and gonad development are key factors related to the migration quality, and both factors are strongly influenced by water temperature and flow velocity. Many studies have explored the separate effects of these variables on fish swimming ability or gonad development, but researchers have seldom investigated the simultaneous effects of low flow velocity and water temperature on the fish swimming behaviour and gonad development. To provide that knowledge, we conducted laboratory experiments that explored the coupled effects of low water temperature and flow on warm water fish swimming behaviour and gonad development. At five temperatures (16, 18, 20, 22, and 24°C), we observed the movement of migratory warmwater grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) at seven flow velocities (0.15, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, 0.35, 0.40, and 0.45 m/s), then explored their gonad development by comparing the level of plasma 17β-estradiol and testosterone in fish travelling through a simulated fish way (flow stimulation) and in a fish tank (no flow stimulation). We used Bayesian networks to explore the acceptable hydrological condition for fish migration. We found that the minimum flow velocity for acceptable migration quality is a function of the water temperature, and that increasing water temperature improves fish movement success and increases the movement distance, especially at a low flow velocity. In addition, increasing water temperature (between 16 and 24°C in this experiment design) can enhance the effect of flow stimulation on gonad development. Overall, our results can broaden the understanding of reducing water temperature and flow velocity in fish swimming behaviour and gonad development, provide basic data to support hydrological process controls and the development of measures to protect fish migration.  相似文献   

“鱼·菜·菌”生态养殖模式氮磷转化及去除效果分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

薛凌展 《亚热带资源与环境学报》2014,(4):15-25

设计了一种由空心菜、异育银鲫＂中科3号＂和微生物膜组成的浮床生态养殖系统,采用水生空心菜根系及浮床为基质,构建了以池塘土著微生物和外源微生物为菌源的池塘漂浮式微生物膜,并结合水生空心菜对养殖水体进行原位修复。定期跟踪监测3种养殖模式水体中总磷和总氮的变化情况,结果显示：＂鱼·菜·菌＂培育模式YCJ-2的水质较为稳定,与对照组YCJ-3相比,总氮和总磷分别降低了66.13%和43.81%;总氮排放浓度达到淡水养殖废水排放二级标准,总磷排放浓度介于淡水养殖废水排放一级标准和地表水质量Ⅴ类标准之间,该模式对养殖水体中的总氮和总磷的去除率效果明显。分别采用物料平衡原理和产量法检测分析不同模式的产排污系数和沉积物产污系数,结果显示：对照组YCJ-3总氮和总磷产排污系数最高,分别为1.60 g·kg^-1和19.90 g·kg^-1;YCJ-2沉积物总磷和总氮产污系数最低仅为1.01 g·kg^-1和0.35 g·kg^-1,分别比YCJ-3降低了82.5%和83.17%;养殖效益分析结果显示：＂鱼·菜·菌＂培育模式YCJ-2总产值达到3 536.04元/100 m2,比YCJ-3和YCJ-1（鱼-菜培育模式）模式养殖经济效益分别提高了49.12%和11.88%。  相似文献   

Do physicochemical variables regulate the distribution of zooplankton communities in reservoirs dominated by filter-feeding carp?     

胡梦红  杨丽丽  刘其根 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2014,32(2):266-277

The temporal and spatial distributions of zooplankton communities in the upper, middle, and lower reaches of the Xin＇anjiang Reservoir, Zhejiang, China, were investigated monthly, between 2009 and 2010. Silver carp （Hypophthalmichthys moBtrix） and bighead carp （Aristichthys nobilis） dominated the pelagic fish community of this large, deep reservoir. Cladocerans were distributed evenly throughout the reservoir. Rotifers were mainly found in the upper reaches, while copepods tended to assemble in the lower reaches. The Pearson correlation analysis and stepwise multiple regression were used to identify the major physicochemical gradients influencing community variations. Zooplankton community distributions were influenced by water temperature, dissolved oxygen, phosphorus, nitrogen, and silicon. Excess nutrients, in particular silicon, stimulated rotifer growth. Based on these findings, it is possible to use rotifer density as a bioindicator of eutrophic status in deep reservoir ecosystems.  相似文献