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从微拟球藻高产油藻株IMET1 的cDNA 中, 克隆出一个I 型脂酰辅酶A: 二脂酰甘油酰基转移酶的编码基因NoDGAT1A, 该基因共编码437 个氨基酸, 与拟南芥I 型DGAT 的氨基酸序列相似度为38%, 且含有至少9 段高疏水区。随后, NoDGAT1A被转化入营养缺陷型酿酒酵母三脂酰甘油合成突变株H1246 中进行诱导表达。结果表明, 在外加二十碳五烯酸(EPA)时, 表达NoDGAT1A 的H1246 能够产生三脂酰甘油(TAG), 针对其TAG 的分析表明, 与酵母DGAT 相比, 表达NoDGAT1A 的H1246 产生的TAG 中含有更多的EPA, 说明NoDGAT1A 具有更强的合成含EPA 的TAG 之能力。此外, 16: 0(63.82%)和18: 0(27.98%)是其TAG 中主要的脂肪酸链成分, 说明NoDGAT1A 合成的TAG 侧链仍以长链饱和脂肪酸为主。NoDGAT1A对微拟球藻中TAG 的合成具有重要作用, 也为以微拟球藻为模式的产油微藻TAG 和EPA 代谢网络提供参考。 相似文献
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We are investigating the effects of in vivo exposure of prototypical enzyme inducing agents on hepatic biotransformation enzyme expression in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), a predatory game fish found throughout the United States and Canada. The current study targeted those genes involved in biotransformation and oxidative stress that may be regulated by Ah-receptor-dependent pathways. Exposure of bass to β-naphthoflavone (β-NF, 66 mg/kg, i.p.) elicited a 7–9-fold increase in hepatic microsomal cytochrome P4501A-dependent ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activities, but did not affect cytosolic GST catalytic activities toward 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) or 5-androstene-3,17-dione (ADI). Glutathione S-transferase A (GST-A) mRNA expression exhibited a transient, but non-significant increase following exposure to β-NF, and generally tracked the minimal changes observed in GST–CDNB activities. Expression of the mRNA encoding glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC), the rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis, was increased 1.7-fold by β-NF. Changes in GCLC mRNA expression were paralleled by increases in intracellular GSH. In summary, largemouth bass hepatic CYP1A-dependent and GSH biosynthetic pathways, and to a lesser extent GST, are responsive to exposure to β-NF. 相似文献
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Lisa R. Bacanskas Julia Whitaker Richard T. Di Giulio 《Marine environmental research》2004,58(2-5):597
A population of killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) inhabiting a creosote-polluted inlet of the Elizabeth River demonstrates tolerance to the acute toxic effects exerted by contaminated sediments on reference site killifish. Previous data have suggested that upregulated antioxidant defenses contribute to short-term tolerance in killifish exposed to Elizabeth River sediments. This study investigated population differences in antioxidant defenses from wild caught Elizabeth River and reference population killifish in different seasons, and after being held in the laboratory. Parameters measured in the killifish were total glutathione concentrations (GSHT), activities of glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and lipid peroxidation (LPO), all in adult hepatic tissues. The Elizabeth River population exhibited greater GSHT, higher GPx activities, and increased LPO as compared to the reference population. Sex specific population differences were also observed in GSHT and GPx. Both populations displayed decreased GSHT and increased GR from early to late summer, as well as after being held in the laboratory. This study indicates that there are many factors that may contribute to differences in levels of antioxidant defenses in addition to exposure to contaminants, including reproductive status and environmental conditions. 相似文献
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阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠对草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)抗氧化功能的影响 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：8
以草鱼为实验对象,采用不同浓度的十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)进行10天暴露实验,研究阴离子表面活性剂对鱼类抗氧化酶的影响。急性毒性实验表明,SDS对草鱼的96hLC50为5·2mg/L。亚致死浓度SDS暴露可导致草鱼超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性发生变化。在所有受检组织中,SOD和GSH-Px活性在暴露初期均受到不同程度的诱导,但随着SDS浓度升高和暴露时间延长,酶活性均呈明显的下降趋势,提示SDS暴露所引起的酶活性变化与暴露浓度和暴露时间有一定的相关性。此外,实验还显示两种抗氧化酶在草鱼各组织中的分布均存在明显差异。其中,肝脏SOD和红细胞GSH-Px活性较高,易于检测,且对SDS胁迫敏感。这些结果表明,SDS暴露对草鱼具有一定毒性,对抗氧化酶活性亦有明显的负面影响。 相似文献
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Elevation of metal concentrations in coastal environments associated with anthropogenic enrichment pose a significant threat to estuarine organisms. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationships between cellular responses that may be potentially valuable as indicators of chronic stress and metal-contaminated sediments. For these studies, hatchery-reared juvenile oysters were deployed in situ at 15 sites for approximately 1 month around Charleston Harbor, SC. The effects on lysosomal destabilization and glutathione concentrations were determined; and the relationships between the cellular responses and sediment metal concentrations were described. Both single metal and multiple metal parameters (based on total metal concentrations, aluminum normalizations, and summed sediment quality guidelines) were considered. Generally, significant correlations were observed for individual metal analytes and multiple metal parameters. Since many of the individual metal analytes covary, the responses may reflect overall contaminant loading rather than responses to individual metals. Methods for estimating overall contaminant loading based on multiple analytes provide a more realistic estimate of potential adverse effects. 相似文献
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The current study was designed to validate the biomarkers of sewage pollution in Mozambique Tilapia (Tilapia mossambica, Peters) reared in sewage treatment plant (STP) effluent in Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emerates, before and following depuration/detoxification. Cellular biomarkers, cholinesterase activity using acetylcholine as a substrate (acetylcholinesterase AChE) and reduced glutathione (GSH) and hepatosomatic index (HSI) were investigated in fresh water fish, Tilapia, raised in a fish farm (Group I/Clean, as Control), treated sewage water/TSW (Group II/Sewage) and thereafter exposed to fresh water in an aquarium for 6 weeks (Group III/Depurated) for depuration. The results showed significantly lower levels of AChE activities in liver (26% p < 0.01) and muscle (30% p < 0.01) of the fish reared in the STP water (Group II/Sewage) as compared to those recorded in the fish from fish farm (Group I/Clean). The depressed AChE level was fully restored in the muscle but partially in the liver after depuration (Group III/Depurated). In contrast, GSH levels were significantly raised in both liver (1.3-fold p < 0.01) and muscle (4-fold) of Group II fish as compared to Group I (control) fish raised in fish farm and following depuration in fresh water (Group III/Depurated) elevated GSH level in liver restored to control values, while remained unchanged in muscle. The average hepatosomatic index (HSI = weight of liver × 100/total fish weight), an indicator of hepatomegaly, in the Group II fish reared in TSW was also significantly higher than that in the reference Group I fish, but decreased to control level in Group III fish following depuration. This study suggests the importance of cellular biomarkers, AChE, GSH and hepatosomatic index in monitoring the impact of sewage water pollution on fish caused by a complex mixture of chemico-biological contaminants and its mitigation following depuration, an effective mean of fish detoxification. 相似文献
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Syam S. Andra Rupali Datta Ramana Reddy Sumathi K. M. Saminathan Dibyendu Sarkar 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2011,39(5):428-436
In a previous study we have demonstrated the suitability of using vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides L.) for the phytostabilization of lead‐based paint contaminated residential soils. Vetiver did not show any growth retardation or toxicity symptoms despite high soil Pb levels. Antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) reportedly allow plants to combat metal stress. Thus, we hypothesized that in vetiver, these antioxidant enzymes can play an important role in combating Pb induced stress, and that chelant‐bound Pb is less toxic to vetiver compared to free Pb in soil. The response of antioxidant enzymes was studied in vetiver grass grown in Pb paint‐contaminated residential soils collected from San Antonio, Texas and Baltimore, Maryland. Chelating agents such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid (EDDS) were used to mobilize Pb from bound fractions to the labile pool, facilitating Pb uptake by vetiver. Although the Pb concentration in vetiver from these treatments was significantly higher than those grown in the absence of a chelant, the antioxidant enzymes activities were lower compared to the latter. Antioxidant enzymes activity of vetiver plants grown in the presence of chelants is lower compared to those in without chelant treatment, while they tended to increase with dose in treatments with varying chelant concentrations. Data obtained support the proposed hypothesis. 相似文献
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以南极硅藻GJ01(Berkeleya rutilans)为对象,分别采用紫外、可见和荧光分光光度法,研究了营养条件等因子对GJ01生长和胞内谷胱甘肽含量的影响,并对培养的GJ01细胞合成谷胱甘肽的条件进行了优化。结果表明,在单因子影响条件下,1.2g/L的碳酸氢钠对南极硅藻GJ01的生长最好,且最有利于谷胱甘肽的积累;0.8mmol/L氯化钙对GJ01的生长最为有利,而0.2mmol/L氯化钙对谷胱甘肽的产生是适宜的;维生素B_(12)和生物素对GJ01胞内谷胱甘肽的产生影响较小。正交试验表明,GJ01细胞产生谷胱甘肽的最优条件是:光照周期为16h/8h、NaHCO_3为1.6g/L、Ca~(2 )为0.4mmol/L、Cys为10mmol/L。该结果为利用南极硅藻GJ01生产谷胱甘肽提供了参考和依据。 相似文献