碳酸盐岩断裂破碎带结构、分布与发育机制   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

邬光辉  张韬  朱永峰  万效国  熊昶 《地质科学》2020,(1):68-80

断裂带通常包括狭窄的断层核与宽阔的破碎带,并对岩石物理及其水力学、流体与渗透性具有重要作用。根据断裂破碎带结构的差异,将碳酸盐岩断层核划分为颗粒支撑、基质支撑与胶结支撑等3种类型,将碳酸盐岩破碎带划分碎裂带与裂缝带。不同类型碳酸盐岩断层核与破碎带形成多种类型组合,并造成断裂破碎带多种复杂的渗流结构。通过井一震资料的结合,可以判识沉积盆地内部较宽的碳酸盐岩断裂破碎带,其宽度一位移关系可以指示断裂破碎带的不同生长方式与机制。复杂内部结构、多期构造成岩作用与non-Andersonian破裂机制可能导致碳酸盐岩断裂破碎带的异常生长,也是碳酸盐岩断裂破碎带机理研究的重要方向。  相似文献   

松辽盆地南部白垩纪-古近纪挤压构造的发现与盆地性质探讨   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘志宏  宋健  刘希雯  吴相梅  高翔 《岩石学报》2020,36(8):2383-2393

松辽盆地位于欧亚板块东部,毗邻太平洋板块,是叠置于华北板块和西伯利亚板块之间的晚古生代碰撞造山带之上规模最大的中-新生代陆相含油气盆地,具有断、坳双重结构。自白垩纪以来,松辽盆地南部主要经历两期挤压作用:NW-SE向挤压作用发生在下白垩统营城组碎屑岩段-上白垩统泉头组沉积时期,挤压作用持续了18Myr;近E-W向挤压作用发生在四方台组-古近系沉积时期,挤压作用至少持续了39.1Myr。两期挤压作用都表现出东强西弱的特点,第二期挤压作用的变形强度远大于第一期,并且在明水组沉积晚期变形强度最大,这期挤压作用奠定了松辽盆地现今的构造格局。下白垩统营城组上部碎屑岩段-上白垩统泉头组和四方台组-古近系的沉积作用分别记录了第一期、第二期挤压作用形成的反转构造和断层相关褶皱的变形过程。上述构造在不同时期隆升速率与沉积速率之间的关系,控制了盆地的沉积范围、沉积地层的厚度和接触关系在空间上的变化。松辽盆地在上述两个构造演化阶段都处于活动大陆边缘的陆内区域,盆地性质都应属于陆内挤压坳陷盆地。  相似文献   

Effects of salinity fluctuation frequency on the growth, molting rate and hemolymph 20-hydroxyecdysone concentration in Juvenile Chinese shrimp, Fenneropenaeus chinensis     

Sen Ding  Fang Wang  Hao Sun  Shuanglin Dong 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2009,8(3):259-264

This experiment was conducted to examine the effects of salinity fluctuation frequency on the growth, molting rate and hemolymph 20-hydroxyecdysone (20-HE) concentration for juvenile Fenneropenaeus chinensis with an initial wet body weight of 1.115 g±0.012 g. The salinity of the control treatment (represented by D0) was 28 throughout the experiment, whereas treatments D2, D4, D6 and D8 were subjected to different salinity fluctuation frequencies of 2, 4, 6 and 8 d, respectively. The range of salinity fluctuation was 4. The salinity in treatments D2, D4, D6 and D8 was kept at 28 for 2, 4, 6 and 8 d, respectively; each original salinity was decreased abruptly to salinity 24, which first lasted for another 2 d and was then raised to its initial value 28. This constituted a salinity fluctuation cycle and afterwards the cycle repeated. It was found that: 1) The weight gain of shrimp in treatment D4 was 202.9% and significantly higher than that in treatment D0 (P<0.05). The molting rate in treatment D2 was the lowest, while that in treatment D6 was the highest and significantly higher than those in treatments D0 and D2 (P<0.05). 2) The hemolymph 20-HE concentration of shrimps in all treatments was at low levels and increased first gradually during the inter-molt period and then increased sharply. It reached a peak value during the pre-molt stage, and then decreased abruptly during the post-molt stage when the lowest level occurred. 3) During the post-molt stage, the hemolymph 20-HE concentration in treatment D2 was 7.47 pg μL⁻¹ and significantly higher than that in treatment D0 (P<0.05). There were, however, no significant differences in hemolymph 20-HE concentration among all five treatments during the inter-molt stage (P>0.05). During the pre-molt stage, the hemolymph 20-HE concentration in treatment D6 was significantly higher than that in treatment D0 (P<0.05), whereas the hemolymph 20-HE concentration in treatment D2 was significantly lower than that in other treatments (P<0.05). Adequate salinity fluctuation promoted the molting rate through increasing hemolymph 20-HE concentration at the pre-molt stage.  相似文献   

海湾扇贝壳色与数量性状之间的关系   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

郑怀平  许飞  张国范  刘晓  王六顺 《海洋与湖沼》2008,39(4)

海湾扇贝北部亚种Argopecten irradians irradians的左右两枚贝壳均具有丰富多彩的颜色．它们不仅能够稳定地遗传,而且还与生长、存活等数量性状有关。为了查清海湾扇贝壳色与数量性状之间的关系,2005年11月中下旬,作者对河北、山东、辽宁三省的海湾扇贝养殖群体的壳色种类、分布频率及其数量性状进行了统计、测量和分析。这些养殖群体来自于相同的基础群体,均是1998--1999年引种繁殖的后代。三个养殖区都有橙、棕、黑、紫、白等壳色的个体,表明海湾扇贝的壳色具有多态性,且不受环境的影响,橙、棕、黑、紫、白等壳色的分布频率分别为17．8％、48．8％、32．5％、3．8％、1．1％。总重、闭壳肌重、出柱率、壳长、壳高、壳宽等数量性状间存在显著相关性,相关系数最大值出现在壳长与壳高之间,其次在全湿重与闭壳肌重之间,最小值在出柱率与壳高之间;壳长、壳高和壳宽都能显著地影响总重和闭壳肌重。海湾扇贝的壳色与数量性状之间有密切关系,棕色个体总重最大、紫色个体总是最轻最小。方差分析表明,壳色（遗传因素）和养殖区（环境因素）均能够单独地对数量性状产生显著的影响,而且它们的交互作用也是显著的。本研究结果对海湾扇贝遗传育种有重要意义。  相似文献   

Can farmed salmon production keep growing?     

Yajie Liu  Ussif Rashid Sumaila 《Marine Policy》2008

Time series data was used to compute 5-year moving average rates of growth in salmon aquaculture production over time for four of the world's leading salmon farming countries, and globally. This analysis reveals a decline of 1.2% per year in global farmed salmon production since it peaked in 1966. Analysis of production data for all farmed finfish, both marine and freshwater, shows a decline of 0.34% per year in the growth rate from the peak year. These results have implications for global fisheries policy because it means that it is unlikely that aquaculture alone can meet the fish protein needs of humans.  相似文献   

Distribution, condition, and growth of newly settled southern flounder (Paralichthys lethostigma) in the Galveston Bay Estuary, TX     

Lindsay A. Glass  Jay R. Rooker  Richard T. Kraus  G. Joan Holt 《Journal of Sea Research》2008,59(4):259-268

Several flatfish species, including southern flounder (Paralichthys lethostigma) recruit to estuaries during early life. Therefore, evaluation of estuarine sites and habitats that serve as nurseries is critical to conservation and management. The present study used density data in conjunction with biochemical condition and growth measurements to evaluate settlement sites used by southern flounder in the Galveston Bay Estuary (GBE). In 2005, beam-trawl collections were made in three major sections of the GBE (East Bay, Galveston Bay, West Bay). Three sites were sampled in each bay. Within each sampling site, replicate collections were taken from three habitats: 1) marsh edge (< 1 m depth), 2) intermediate zone (10–20 m from marsh interface;  1 m depth), and 3) bay zone (typically > 100 m from marsh interface; depth > 1 m). Average size of southern flounder collected was 12–19 mm standard length, and peak densities occurred in January and February. Catch data indicated that densities of southern flounder were significantly greater in East Bay (2.75 per 100 m²) than in Galveston Bay (0.91 per 100 m²) or in West Bay (0.45 per 100 m²). Densities were statistically similar among habitats. Otolith-based estimates of age indicated that the majority of southern flounder collected were 35–45 days old and derived from early December to early January hatch-dates. Growth rates were similar among bays and among habitats, with the average growth rate being 0.40 mm day^− 1 (range: 0.21–0.76 mm day^− 1). RNA:DNA was above the established baseline value for nutritional stress, indicating that newly settled southern flounder in the GBE were in relatively high condition. Habitat-specific differences in RNA:DNA ratios were not observed; however, ratios were significantly lower in West Bay (average 8.0) than in East Bay (average 9.5) or in Galveston Bay (average 9.8), suggesting the condition of new recruits may vary spatially within the GBE. Findings from the current study suggest density and condition of newly settled southern flounder vary at the bay scale, suggesting that parts of GBE do not function equally as nurseries.  相似文献   

菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)大连群体家系建立及生长比较   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

霍忠明  闫喜武  张跃环  杨凤  张国范 《海洋与湖沼》2010,41(3):334-340

于2008年6月,以大连野生型蛤仔为材料,采用巢式设计即1个雄性亲本与3个雌性亲本交配的方式建立了菲律宾蛤仔15个半同胞家系(A,B,…,O)和45个全同胞家系(A1,A2,A3,…,O1,O2,O3)。对各家系的壳长、壳宽、壳高、鲜重等各项指标进行了方差分析和多重比较。结果表明,3、4、5月龄,菲律宾蛤仔45个全同胞家系的表型性状具有显著差异,且各月龄的差异趋势基本一致。5月龄时,从其生长性状上看,家系F2、G2、G3表现出明显的生长优势,壳长分别提高28.43%、24.72%、30.53%,壳宽分别提高21.14%、22.3%、25.58%,壳高分别提高30.88%、26.96%、25.25%,鲜重分别提高50.00%、68.42%、44.12%。从其存活上看,家系E3的四个表型性状在全同胞家系中最小,但存活数量最多为2269粒,表现出很强的抗逆性;具有生长优势的家系F2存活个数最少仅为43粒,抗逆性相对最差。从其产量上看,家系N3、I1、E3、C1、N1、G2产量较高,分别比平均产量提高了77.8%、75.61%、75%、69.45%、53.96%、50.19%。综合以上各项指标家系G2、G3、N3、E3、I1、C1、N1可作为优良的家系育种材料,在下一步育种工作中可以利用家系选择及家系杂交的方法对7个家系进行遗传改良。  相似文献   

江苏南部海岸牡蛎礁演化的几何模型   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈蕴真  高抒 《海洋与湖沼》2010,41(1):1-11

牡蛎礁是具有重要生态功能的海岸带生境,并且记录了丰富的环境演化信息。根据碳酸盐沉积层序模拟的方法,提出了一个牡蛎礁演化模型,由海平面波动过程、碎屑沉积物顶面高程、牡蛎礁垂直生长率、牡蛎礁顶部高程等四个模块所构成。垂向生长率函数的输入参数通过牡蛎礁沉积环境分析和古今地貌对比方法而确定。应用该模型探讨了江苏海岸小庙洪牡蛎礁的定殖、生长和最终被埋藏的演化历程。模拟结果显示,牡蛎礁顶部水深和河口湾环境参数是牡蛎礁演化的两大限制因素,小庙洪牡蛎礁的最大垂向生长率约为12mm/a,礁体发育初期以垂向增生为主,大约910年前礁体出露于平均低潮面后,转向以侧向扩张为主。该礁体的出露规模在330年前达到最大,目前牡蛎礁的生长几乎停滞,并将在250年后被埋藏,其时牡蛎礁的最大可能厚度达12m。牡蛎礁演化模型显示牡蛎礁建造过程具有复杂性,是海平面变化、地面沉降速率、碎屑沉积速率、盐度、悬沙浓度等诸多因素共同作用的结果。牡蛎礁顶板应看成是低于当时海平面的标志,并不代表海平面高度。  相似文献   

大气环流模式与春玉米生长模拟模式联接的影响评估模拟试验   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

夏祥鳌  王馥棠 《气候与环境研究》1998,3(3):247-253

根据春玉米田间试验资料和历史气候资料,对春玉米生长模拟模式进行了验证与灵敏性分析,在此基础上,运用逐步订正法将当前气候前景和大气环流模式输出资料结合历史气候资料生成的未来气候情景订正到１ｏ×１ｏ网格点上,与春玉米生长模拟模式相联接,就未来气候变化对我国东北地区春玉米生长、发育和最终产量的可能影响进行了网格化定量模拟,并对一些适应性对策的效果进行了定性或定量的分析。结果表明,在ＤＫＲＺＯＰＹＣ模拟的未来情景下,若保持当前作物品种和生产技术措施不变,研究区域除北部将平均增产７０％外,其余地区都将有不同程度的减产,幅度在－１０％～－５０％之间,而在ＮＣＡＲ模拟的情景下,中西部地区将增产,其它地区可维持当前产量水平。适应性对策将对开发利用未来可能的气候资源,减缓未来气候变化的负效应,充分发挥其正效应起到积极作用,进而绝大部分区域将受益于未来水热条件的改变。  相似文献   

雷州半岛红树林短吻鲾形态性状与体质量的相关性及通径分析     

蔡润佳  汤保贵  陈刚  张健东  黄建盛  潘传豪  初庆柱  王忠良  张静 《海洋科学》2020,44(4):52-58

为了研究雷州半岛红树林短吻鲾(Leiognathusbrevirostris)各个形态特征与体质量的相关性,对随机选取的153尾短吻鲾的全长(X1)、体长(X2)、头长(X3)、体高(X4)、眼径(X5)、眼间距(X6)、吻长(X7)、尾柄长(X8)、尾柄高(X9)、吻端至第一背鳍起点(X10)、吻端至胸鳍起点(X11)、吻端至腹鳍起点(X12)、吻端至臀鳍起点(X13)等13个指标和体质量(Y)进行逐一测量,根据所得数据整理出各个性状的表型参数,计算各个指标与体质量以及不同指标两两之间的相关系数,并分别求出以体质量(Y)为因变量、其他性状(Xi)为自变量的通径系数以及决定系数。结果表明,短吻鲾的13个形态性状对体质量的相关系数皆达极显著水平(P<0.01);在通径分析中,短吻鲾仅体长(X2)、吻长(X7)、全长(X1)3个形态性状对体质量数据的通径系数达到极显著水平(P<0.01),可将其确定为影响体质量的主要性状,其中体长对体质量的直接影响最大(P2=0.570);通过逐步线性回归分析,确定回归方程为:Y=–8.366+0.570X2+0.148X7+0.266X1。决定系数显示,体长对体质量的决定系数最大,达到32.5%。各共同决定系数的总和∑d为0.908,大于0.85,表明本研究中已经将影响短吻鲾体质量的主要形态性状全部纳入。此研究有助于确定并量化短吻鲾不同性状间的关系。  相似文献