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951.
Abrupt Climate Change around 4 ka BP:Role of the Thermohaline Circulation as Indicated by a GCM Experiment 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
A great deal of palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic evidence suggests that a predominant temperature drop and an aridiflcation occurred at ca. 4.0 ka BP. Palaeoclimate studies in China support this dedution. The collapse of ancient civilizations at ca. 4.0 ka BP in the Nile Valley and Mesopotamia has been attributed to climate-induced aridification. A widespread alternation of the ancient cultures was also found in China at ca. 4.0 ka BP in concert with the collapse of the civilizations in the Old World. Palaeoclimatic studies indicate that the abrupt climate change at 4.0 ka BP is one of the realizations of the cold phase in millennial scale climate oscillations, which may be related to the modulation of the Thermohaline Circulation (THC) over the Atlantic Ocean. Therefore, this study conducts a numerical experiment of a GCM with SST forcing to simulate the impact of the weakening of the THC. Results show a drop in temperature from North Europe, the northern middle East Asia, and northern East Asia 相似文献
952.
WANG Yunfeng WANG Bin HAN Yueqi ZHU Min HOU Zhiming ZHOU Yi LIU Yudi KOU Zheng 《大气科学进展》2004,21(4):587-596
The numerical forecasts of mei-yu front rainstorms in China has been an important issue. The intensity and pattern of the frontal rainfall are greatly influenced by the initial fields of the numerical model. The 4-dimensional variational data assimilation technology (4DVAR) can effectively assimilate all kinds of observed data, including rainfall data at the observed stations, so that the initial fields and the precipitation forecast can both be greatly improved. The non-hydrostatic meso-scale model (MM5) and its adjoint model are used to study the development of the mei-yu front rainstorm from 1200 UTC 25 June to 0600 UTC 26 June 1999. By numerical simulation experiments and assimilation experiments, the T106 data and the observed 6-hour rainfall data are assimilated. The influences of many factors, such as the choice of the assimilated variables and the weighting coefficient, on the precipitation forecast results are studied. The numerical results show that 4DVAR is valuable and important to mei-yu front rainfall prediction. 相似文献
953.
954.
Seasonal and spatial characteristics of seawater and sediment at Youngil Bay, southeast coast of Korea 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The seasonal geochemical characteristics of the seawater and sediments and the major factors causing heavy metal contamination were investigated at the Youngil bay and the Hyungsan river estuary in the Southeast Coast of Korea, where a world-scale steel-industry complex (Pohang iron and steel industrial complex, POSCO) is located. The seasonal and spatial distribution characteristics of temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, and nutrients of the seawater were studied at 45 fixed stations, especially focusing on the river mouth area. Sediments at 27 stations were examined during winter and summer to determine the major controlling factors for the distribution of metals, using correlation matrix and R-mode factor analyses, and to evaluate the pollution status, using the modified geoaccumulation (I(geo)(')) index. Temperatures for the effluent from the POSCO located at the Hyungsan river mouth were 2-3 degrees C higher compared to other sampling areas, due to the thermal discharge from the POSCO. The DO concentration of the surface water at the Pohang old port was as low as 2-4 mg/L. In spring, the DO value at the Hyungsan river mouth was higher than 12 mg/L, by the mass multiplication of phytoplanktons at the river mouth where seawater temperature and nutrients concentrations were relatively high, resulting in the pH value of higher than 8.3. The nitrogen to phosphorus (N/P) ratios at the river mouth were 20-150 times higher compared to other areas, implying that the nitrogen loading into this semi-enclosed bay is significantly higher than phosphorus and the major nitrogen sources are not only the domestic sewage from the city but the industrial wastewater from the POSCO and other steel factories nearby. The phosphorus concentrations at the Pohang old port were shown 3-10 times higher than those at other stations, due to the inflow of pollutants generated from the nearby ships anchoring and the release of phosphate from the bottom sediment. Results from the sediment analysis showed that the major controlling factors for the distribution pattern of each metal are grain size and organic carbon (C(org)) content. Based on the factor analysis, Al, Fe, Cr, Li, and Pb were shown strongly correlated with the mean grain size (Mz), whereas Cd, Cu, Zn, and Sn with the C(org) content. Results from the fractionation of the sedimentary metals into lattice and labile fractions to characterize the mobility of sediment metals showed that the mineral lattice fraction was high in the order of Al=K>Cr>Li>Sr>Fe, while the labile fraction, which might be released to the overlying water, was in the order of Pb>Zn>Cd>Cu>Ca>Sn. Evaluation of the sediment pollution status by applying (I(geo)(')) of 13 metals showed Cd, Cu, and Zn as high as 1-3 range at the old port. Even though the overall marine pollution mainly by the world-class steel industrial complex in this semi-enclosed bay area studied does not currently pose a serious threat, due to the seawater circulation and the large influx of river discharge, the countermeasures to implement the sediments concentrated with heavy metals, especially at the old port with no seawater circulation, are still warranted for this coastal water environment. 相似文献
955.
基于AR模型模拟超高层建筑的脉动风速时程 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
风荷载是超高层建筑设计的主要荷载之一,而且通过风振时域分析可以更全面地了解超高层建筑风振响应特性,更直观地反映超高层建筑风致振动控制的有效性。因此,本文使用线性滤波法即白噪声滤波法(white noise filtration method,WNFM)中的自回归(auto-regressive,AR)模型模拟超高层建筑的风速时程。首先,考虑超高层建筑风速时程的时间和空间相关性,导出了四阶AR模型的参数表达式。接着,基于AR模型模拟了一幢高度为200 m超高层建筑的风速时程。最后,通过比较模拟风速功率谱、模拟自相关函数和互相关函数与目标风速功率谱、目标自相关函数和互相关函数的吻合程度,验证基于AR模型模拟超高层建筑风速时程的可行性。 相似文献
956.
本文系统分析了参与IPCC AR4 “20世纪气候模拟"(20C3M)的23个气候系统模式模拟的1950~1999年冬季(JFM)北极涛动(AO).结果表明,在22个模式中,AO模态都表现为北半球中高纬大气年际变率的第一模态.不过,18个模式模拟的AO模态在北太平洋地区表现偏强,有两组模式结果均表明,提高模式的水平分辨率能够克服此偏差.所有模式模拟的AO指数均未出现与观测相当的增强趋势,只有两个模式(ECHO-G和UKMO-HadGEM1)模拟的AO指数与观测存在显著正相关.多数模式能够模拟出纬向风伴随AO位相变化在中高纬出现的偶极子异常特征,部分模式对平流层AO特征的模拟能力仍需要提高.对AO垂直结构模拟较好的模式,例如CCSM3、MRI CGCM2-32和UKMO-HadGEM1,能够较为合理地再现伴随AO指数增强出现的极区平流层变冷和中纬度对流层增暖现象.AO与欧亚大陆地表气温和降水的相关分布,在多数模式中有较好的体现,个别模式还对AO与东亚气候的相关关系具有一定的模拟能力.对AO各指标均有较好模拟能力的模式是UKMO-HadGEM1.本文结果为改进气候系统模式对北极涛动的模拟能力提供了依据,亦为学术界利用IPCC AR4的耦合模式数据、开展与AO相关的气候变率研究提供了基础参考. 相似文献
957.
David M. Nelson Feng Sheng Hu Daniel R. Scholes Neeraj Joshi Ann Pearson 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2008,269(1-2):11-16
C3 and C4 grasses differ greatly in their responses to environmental controls and influences on biogeochemical processes (e.g. water, carbon, and nutrient cycling). Difficulties in distinguishing between these two functional groups of grasses have hindered paleoecological studies of grass-dominated ecosystems. Stable carbon isotopic analysis of individual grains of grass pollen using a spooling-wire microcombustion device interfaced with an isotope-ratio mass spectrometer holds promise for improving C3 and C4 grass reconstructions. This technique, SPIRAL (Single Pollen Isotope Ratio AnaLysis), has only been evaluated using pollen of known C3 and C4 grasses. To test the ability of SPIRAL to reproduce the abundance of C3 and C4 grasses on the landscape, we measured δ13C values of > 1500 individual grains of grass pollen isolated from the surface sediments of ten lakes in areas that span a large gradient of C3- and C4-grass abundance, as determined from vegetation surveys. Results indicate a strong positive correlation between the δ13C-based estimates of % C4-grass pollen and the abundance of C4 grasses on the landscape. The % C4-grass pollen slightly underestimates the actual abundance of C4 grasses at sites with high proportions of C4 grasses, which can be corrected using regression analysis. Comparison of the % C4-grass pollen with C/N and δ13C measurements of bulk organic matter illustrates the distinct advantages of grass-pollen δ13C as a proxy for distinguishing C3 and C4 shifts within the grass family. Thus SPIRAL promises to advance our understanding of grassland ecology and evolution. 相似文献
958.
华清4#泉两次水化学观测试验研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
主要介绍了2001年11月-2002年10月、2006年8~9月期间,华清4^#泉水氡和气体总量的对比观测实验情况,结合观测点的实际情况,对上述两次实验结果进行了分析,探讨了影响水氡和气体总量观测的主要因素。 相似文献
959.
Changkeng Au-Ag deposit is a newly-discovered new type precious metal deposit. N2-Ar-He systematics studies and3He/4He and δD- δ18O composition analyses show that the ore-forming fluid of the deposit is composed mainly of formation water (sedimentary brine)
but not of meteoric water, which was thought to be source of the ore-forming fluid by most previous researchers. The content
of mantle-derived magmatic water in the ore-forming fluid is quite low, usually lower than 10%. According to the source of
the ore-forming fluid, the Changkeng Au-Ag deposit should belong to sedimentary brine transformed deposits. From the Late
Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous Period, with deposition and accumulation of thick sediments in Sanzhou Basin, the formation
water in the sedimentary layers was expelled from the basin because of overburden pressure and increasing temperature. The
expelled fluid moved laterally along sedimentary layers to the margin of the basin, and finally moved upward along a gently-dipping
interlayer fault. Because of a decline in pressure and temperature, ore minerals were deposited in the fault.
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 495020291, the Natural Science Foundation
of Zhongshan University, the Research Foundation of National Key Laboratory of Metallogenesis in Nanjing University (Grant
No. 039704) and the Lingnan Foundation. 相似文献
960.