黄河和长江碎屑物质扩散研究——来自江苏沙脊物源示踪的约束     

林旭  刘海金  吴中海 《地球学报》2024,45(2):165-174

研究源-汇系统对于理解岩石风化、河流输砂、泥砂沉积以及陆地和海洋沉积过程具有重要意义。我国江苏省东海岸具有丰富的沉积物供应,在某些沿海地段形成了一系列沙脊,是进行沉积物源-汇过程研究的理想沉积记录之一。但目前对其物源区来自哪里还未达成共识。我们利用已发表的碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄和钾长石Pb同位素数据,结合江苏沙脊及其周缘区域的数据结果,详细厘定江苏沙脊的物源区,并运用蒙特卡罗反演模型定量评估江苏沙脊潜在物源区对其物质贡献率。结果表明江苏沙脊北部的碎屑物质主要受大别山(45%)和鲁中山区(24%)的共同影响;黄河(29%)、古黄河(27%)和长江(25%)的碎屑物质对江苏沙脊中部的物质组成起重要影响。江苏沙脊南部的物源主要来自长江(68%)。江苏沙脊的出现得益于黄河和长江这样的大陆尺度的大河搬运了丰富的碎屑物质到下游,南黄海西海岸的平坦地貌有利于保存这些碎屑物质,末次冰期后东亚陆架海动力过程(潮汐、海浪和沿岸流等)持续对其改造,这体现了河流-海洋在塑造河口-海岸地貌中的交互作用。  相似文献   

Mineralogical characteristics of polymetallic sulfides from the Deyin-1 hydrothermal field near 15°S,southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王淑杰  李怀明  翟世奎  于增慧  邵宗泽  蔡宗伟 《海洋学报(英文版)》2017,36(2):22-34

A seafloor hydrothermal field, named Deyin-1 later, near 15°S southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge(SMAR) was newly found during the 22 nd cruise carried out by the China Ocean Mineral Resources Research Development Association(COMRA). Sulfide samples were collected at three stations from the hydrothermal field during the26 th cruise in 2012. In this paper, mineralogical characteristics of the sulfides were analyzed with optical microscope, X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope and electron microprobe to study the crystallization sequence of minerals and the process of hydrothermal mineralization. According to the difference of the ore-forming metal elements, the sulfide samples can be divided into three types:(1) the Ferich sulfide, which contains mainly pyrite and chalcopyrite;(2) the Fe-Cu-rich sulfide consisting predominantly of pyrite, chalcopyrite and isocubanite, with lesser amount of sphalerite, marmatite and pyrrhotine; and(3) the Fe-Zn-rich sulfide dominated by pyrite, sphalerite and marmatite, with variable amounts of chalcopyrite, isocubanite, pyrrhotine, marcasite, galena and gratonite. Mineral precipitations in these sulfides are in the sequence of chalcopyrite(isocubanite and possible coarse pyrite), fine pyrite,sphalerite(marmatite), galena, gratonite and then the minerals out of the dissolution. Two morphologically distinct generations(Py-I and Py-II) of pyrite are identified in each of the samples; inclusions of marmatite tend to exist in the coarse pyrite crystals(Py-I). Sphalerite in the Fe-Zn-rich sulfide is characterized by a"chalcopyrite disease" phenomenon. Mineral paragenetic relationships and a wide range of chemical compositions suggest that the environment of hydrothermal mineralization was largely changing. By comparison, the Fe-rich sulfide was formed in a relatively stable environment with a high temperature, but the conditions for the formation of the Fe-Cu-rich sulfide were variable. The Fe-Zn-rich sulfide was precipitated during the hydrothermal venting at relatively low temperature.  相似文献   

山脊线与坡度和峰值速度放大系数的相关性研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

蒋涵  周红  高孟潭 《地球物理学报》2015,58(1):229-237

地形效应是地震工程和地震学的重要研究内容.数值方法是研究地形效应的重要工具.然而以往关于地形特征对地形效应的影响的研究大多是基于二维简单模型.对三维真实地形特征和地震动放大的关系缺乏详细的研究.为了更好地描述三维地形特征,本文将地形用不同的地形特征因子来描述,并用算法将它们从地形数据中提取出来.从而使地形和放大系数的相关性的研究转换为不同地形特征因子和放大系数的相关性的研究上.本文中,我们选择芦山地区作为研究对象,用算法提取出特征因子山脊线和坡度.它们分别表征了山脊形态和山体的陡峭程度.我们又用谱元法分别模拟三种不同主频Ricker子波的地震波在起伏地表和水平地表模型中的传播,并得到了它们各自的峰值速度(PGV)放大系数.通过分析三个主频的PGV放大系数在山脊线上分布,我们发现放大系数幅值在山脊线上分布不均匀.放大系数较高的地方位于山脊线弯曲或宽度发生变化的附近.我们又统计了三个放大系数在滑动平均坡度上分布,并得到了放大系数均值和坡度的正相关曲线.结果表明坡度和放大系数两者在幅值分布上具有正相关性.  相似文献   

Two New Hydrothermal Fields at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge     

G. Cherkashov  V. Bel'tenev  V. Ivanov  L. Lazareva  M. Samovarov  V. Shilov 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(4):308-316

Two new major hydrothermal fields have been discovered in the rift valley of the MAR at 13°N (Ashadze) and l6°38′N (Krasnov). The Ashadze field consists of a cluster of active hydrothermal sites associated with ultramafic rocks and located at the greatest depth in the ocean (4,200 m). By contrast, the Krasnov field consists of inactive sulfide mounds hosted in basalts. The Krasnov is the largest hydrothermal deposit on the MAR (17.4 Mt) so far discovered with iron sulfide as the principal mineral type. By contrast, Cu-Zn sulfides are the major minerals in the Ashadze deposits, which are also enriched in gold and several other metals.  相似文献   

西南印度洋中脊50°E基性超基性岩石地球化学特征及其成因初探     

韩宗珠  张贺  范德江  丁蒙蒙  刘明  徐翠玲 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2012,(9):69-76

西南印度洋中脊是典型的慢速扩张洋中脊之一。对采自西南印度洋中脊50°E附近的7件玄武岩和蛇纹石化橄榄岩样品所作的分析表明,基性玄武岩类SiO2含量为43.72%～48.40%,TiO2含量较少,为1.14%～1.52%;MgO含量为5.96%～10.98%;TFe2O3含量为4.55%～5.2%;Mg#值为0.53～0.64,里特曼指数σ为2.34～20.10。微量元素Zr/Nb和Y/Nb比值为显示N-MORB的性质,但是其他微量元素的比值(Ba/Nb,Ba/Th,La/Nb,Nb/U,Nb/Pb)均不显示正常洋中脊玄武岩的特征,微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图显示强烈富集K和Pb,亏损Nb,稀土元素显示较为平缓的分配模式。超基性蛇纹石化橄榄岩的主量元素特征为SiO2为38.91～45.49;TiO2含量为0.02～0.28;MgO含量很高,为36.87～40.61,TFe2O3含量为2.82～3.91,Mg#值为0.92～0.94。微量元素中Ni,Cr的含量很高,原始地幔标准化蛛网图显示橄榄岩强烈富集K和Pb,Ba,Th,La,Ce,Ti中等程度富集,而亏损Nb,Sr。稀土元素总量较低,标准化曲线显示轻稀土元素富集模式。结合地球化学特征及前人研究资料分析认为,西南印度洋中脊的基性岩和超基性岩属同源性质,其原始地幔物质可能为部分正常洋中脊亏损地幔混染了陆壳或远洋沉积物的结果。  相似文献   

西南印度洋中脊三维地震探测中炮点与海底地震仪的位置校正   总被引：9，自引：3，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

敖威  赵明辉  丘学林  李家彪  陈永顺  阮爱国  李守军  张佳政  吴振利  牛雄伟 《地球物理学报》2010,53(12):2982-2991

在海上实施三维地震探测过程中,人工震源枪阵中心与船上GPS的距离及地震探测作业中的船行方向造成炮点实际位置与预设位置有一定偏差;自由落体投放的OBS由于海流的影响会偏离原定设计位置(投放点),因此,炮点与海底地震仪(OBS)的位置校正是三维地震结构研究中的基本环节.本文利用艏向信息校正了炮点位置;采用蒙特卡洛和最小二乘法方法对海底地震仪的位置进行了校正,并探讨了直达水波曲线特征.结果表明 OBS位置一般偏离设计点1 km左右,其误差范围在20 m以内,校正后的OBS记录剖面展示了真实的记录情况.该研究结果为下一步西南印度洋的三维层析成像研究提供了坚实数据基础,同时为今后南海的三维深部地壳结构探测提供经验与借鉴.  相似文献   

Three-dimensional admittance analysis of lithospheric elastic thickness over the Louisville Ridge          下载免费PDF全文

Minzhang Hu  Hui Li  Chongyang Shen  Lelin Xing  Hongtao Hao 《地震科学（英文版）》2016,29(2):117-125

Using bathymetry and altimetric gravity anomalies, a 1° 9 1° lithospheric effective elastic thickness(Te) model over the Louisville Ridge and its adjacent regions is calculated using the moving window admittance technique. For comparison, three bathymetry models are used: general bathymetric charts of the oceans, SIO V15.1,and BAT_VGG. The results show that BAT_VGG is more suitable for calculating T e than the other two models. T e along the Louisville Ridge was re-evaluated. The southeast of the ridge has a medium Te of 10–20 km, while Te increases dramatically seaward of the Tonga-Kermadec trench as a result of the collision of the Pacific and IndoAustralian plates.  相似文献   

基于STIRPAT模型的江苏省能源消费碳排放影响因素分析及趋势预测   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

黄蕊  王铮  丁冠群  龚洋冉  刘昌新 《地理研究》2016,35(4):781-789

定量分析碳排放的影响因素,对降低区域碳排放具有重要的指导意义。利用STIRPAT模型,定量分析江苏省能源消费碳排放量与人口、富裕度（以人均GDP表示）、技术进步（以能源强度表示）和城镇化水平之间的关系,通过岭回归拟合后发现,人口数量、人均GDP、能源强度、城市化水平每变化1%,江苏省能源消费碳排放量将分别发生3.467%、(0.242+0.024 lnA)%、0.313%和0.151%的变化。在以上研究的基础上,设置8种不同的发展情景,分析了江苏省未来能源消费碳排放量的发展趋势。结果表明,当人口、经济保持低速增长,并保持高技术增长率时,有利于控制江苏省的能源消费碳排放量,2020年江苏省的能源消费碳排放量预测值为202.81 MtC。  相似文献   

Oligo–Miocene seagrass‐influenced carbonate sedimentation along a temperate marine palaeoarchipelago,Padthaway Ridge,South Australia     

NICHOLAS K. RIORDAN  NOEL P. JAMES  YVONNE BONE 《Sedimentology》2012,59(2):393-418

Oligo–Miocene carbonates associated with the Padthaway Ridge form the southern margin of the Murray Basin, South Australia. The carbonates are a thin, somewhat condensed succession of echinoid and bryozoan‐rich limestones that record accumulation in the complex of islands and seaways and progressive burial of the Ridge through time. The rocks are grainy to muddy bioclastic packstones, grainstones and floatstones, composed of infaunal echinoderms, bryozoans, coralline algae and benthic foraminifera, with lesser contributions from molluscs and serpulid worms. Locally as much as half of these skeletal components are Fe‐stained, relict grains that imbue the lithologies with a conspicuous yellow to orange hue. This variably lithified succession is partitioned into metre‐scale, firmground‐bounded and hardground‐bounded beds textured by extensive Thalassinoides burrows. Dominant lithologies are interpreted as temperate seagrass facies. Limestones contain attributes indicative of both seagrass‐dominated palaeoenvironments and carbonate production and accumulation on unconsolidated, barren sandflat palaeoenvironments. Together these two depositional systems are thought to have generated a single multigenerational, amalgamated facies recording sedimentation within a complex temperate seagrass environment. Limestones overlying the Padthaway Ridge reflect a gradually warming climate, increasing water temperature and decreasing nutrient content, within the framework of a ridge gradually being buried in sediment. This succession from cool–temperate to warm–temperate to subtropical through time permits recognition of the relative influence of changing oceanography on a seagrass‐dominated shallow inter‐island sea floor. Criteria are proposed herein to enable future recognition of similar temperate seagrass facies in Cenozoic limestones elsewhere.  相似文献   

Pleistocene alkaline rocks of Martin Vaz volcano,South Atlantic: low-degree partial melts of a CO2-metasomatized mantle plume     

《International Geology Review》2012,54(3):296-313

ABSTRACT

Several alkaline massifs on inland southeastern Brazil extend offshore, roughly parallel to ~20° S, through a seamount chain of the Vitoria-Trindade ridge. This paper presents the first extensive work on the Martin Vaz volcano through whole-rock and Sr and Nd isotopic composition of volcanic and subvolcanic lithotypes from the Martin Vaz Island, located at the easternmost of this volcanic chain. These alkaline rocks were generated during the Plio-Pleistocene (~0.47 My, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dating in whole-rock) and represent the crystallization of sodic magmas of nephelinitic composition that evolved through fractional crystallization towards phonolites. Calculations from P–T_Liquidus using PELE software show temperatures of 1045°C and 818°C, viscosity of 2.47 log Poise and 5.02 log Poise, and densities of 2.57 g/cm³ and 2.26 g/cm³ for nephelinite and phonolite, respectively. Like in Trindade Island, the nephelinitic volcanism in Martin Vaz may represent a Strombolian and/or Hawaii-type eruption due to low viscosity magma according to its physical properties whereas phonolitic intrusions present higher viscosity characteristics forming lava domes. The ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr (~ 0.703800) and ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd (~ 0.512750) ratios of lavas from the seamounts and Martin Vaz do not vary significantly, pointing to partial melting process from a homogeneous mantle source showing isotope signature close to HIMU. Beside the restrict variation on these isotopic ratios, a conspicuous enrichment in incompatible trace elements, mainly LREE, indicates that metasomatism is a recent process and not a long-term source characteristic. Non-modal partial melting models (fractional melting and batch melting) suggest that the source of the Martin Vaz magmatism is consistent with the garnet-lherzolite mantle stability field (>90 km depth; Tb/Yb >0.7), generated about 3.0 GPa by very small degree of partial melting of an enriched wet mantle source (F = 0.03–0.04) with 2.5 wt. % of CO₂.  相似文献