一次中亚低涡造成的新疆暴雪天气过程分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李圆圆  肖开提&#;多莱特  杨莲梅  张云惠 《气象科学》2014,34(3):299-304

利用实况观测资料、EC/T639数值模式预报资料和NCEP1°×1°再分析资料,对2012年2月一次由中亚低涡造成的冬季新疆西部地区典型暴雪天气过程的环流特征和物理量场进行了综合分析。结果表明:此次暴雪天气过程属欧洲脊发展、中亚低涡东移造成的新疆西部及天山北坡的降雪过程。200 hPa西南急流使高层辐散,起到"抽气机"作用;500 hPa偏南气流与700 hPa东风急流为暴雪提供了水汽和热量的输送,同时加强了抬升运动;高层辐散、低层辐合以及较强的上升运动是暴雪发生的动力条件,上升运动的强盛发展阶段对应降雪强度最大时段;水汽的垂直输送导致局地比湿显著增大,深厚的湿层和强烈的水汽辐合为暴雪提供了充沛的水汽条件;云图上"干侵入"出现的时间与位置可以大致判断强降雪出现的时间和位置。  相似文献   

多尺度天气分析理论和应用Ⅰ:基本原理和天气系统的本质     

叶更新 《高原气象》2013,32(4)

根据大气运动和结构的多尺度特征,提出了大气微团的多重结构模型,认为大气由不同尺度的微团以多重结构的形式组成,即大尺度微团由若干较小尺度的亚微团构成,而亚微团又由更小的微团组成.利用Navier-Stokes方程推导出亚微团的相对运动方程,在背景场处于平衡状态下推导出亚微团运动方程的平衡形式,发现该方程与电磁学的基本方程具有相同形式,并将大气轻、重两种微团与正、负离子进行了类比.根据推导出的方程对天气系统的发生、发展进行了研究,认为天气系统是由于亚微团在环境场作用下发生分离并在环境场的作用下重新组合而形成的,这一过程在初始扰动的作用下开始,在正反馈过程中不断加强并最终达到一种平衡状态;而轻、重两种亚微团之间的引力是天气系统减弱和消亡的重要原因.利用亚微团运动方程和对微团扰动速度的自转分析,推导出天气系统的诊断方程,并利用该方程对大气环境场的分布与天气系统发生的相互关系进行了诊断分析,结果表明,环境场风速的快速变化、高低空急流附近的动能梯度、环境涡度的正值区以及强风速垂直变化等因素对天气系统的形成十分有利.  相似文献   

Inertia and diurnal oscillations of Ekman layers in atmosphere and ocean     

《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2020

A 1D model, including a time variation of eddy viscosity and mixed layer depth, is applied to study Ekman spirals. It simulates a weak velocity in the atmosphere but a jet in the upper oceanic mixed layer during daytime; and a strong velocity in the atmosphere but a weak, uniform velocity in the ocean at night. The mean spirals in both atmosphere and ocean are close to the average spirals at midday and midnight, they are not flat as suggested by previous studies but consistent with the observations of Polton et al (2013). Our results also show shorter length scale for magnitude decay than for rotation of mean velocity as observed in the ocean, which comes from the combined effects of the diurnal variation of PBL and the Coriolis force. The latter becomes more important away from the surface. In the upper oceanic mixed layer, the mean velocity mainly comes from the strong jets in the late afternoon and early evening. Near and below the depth of Ekman depth, the weak velocities change with time and cancel out each other if averaged timing is longer than the inertia period. It results in diminishing of magnitude of the mean velocity, but the amplitude of individual parcel oscillating can still be quite large near the Ekman depth. Meanwhile, the change of velocity angle from the surface is near or less than 90 degree. Hence, shorter length scale for magnitude decay than for rotation of the mean velocity is not controlled by viscosity alone. Meanwhile, the model does not need two viscosities as suggested previously.The results also show that either the diurnal variation of surface stress or eddy viscosity alone can create a diurnal oscillation of velocity in the ocean. The interactions between PBL force and the Coriolis force can create a weak instability in the atmosphere and ocean at 30° and 90°. This weak instability may explain the observed nocturnal LLJ near 30 °N on the lee of the Rocky Mountains and the intensification of mesoscale circulation simulated by Sun and Wu (1992).  相似文献   

Support vector machines applied to uniaxial compressive strength prediction of jet grouting columns     

《Computers and Geotechnics》2014

Learning from data is a very attractive alternative to “manually” learning. Therefore, in the last decade the use of machine learning has spread rapidly throughout computer science and beyond. This approach, supported on advanced statistics analysis, is usually known as Data Mining (DM) and has been applied successfully in different knowledge domains. In the present study, we show that DM can make a great contribution in solving complex problems in civil engineering, namely in the field of geotechnical engineering. Particularly, the high learning capabilities of Support Vector Machines (SVMs) algorithm, characterized by it flexibility and non-linear capabilities, were applied in the prediction of the Uniaxial Compressive Strength (UCS) of Jet Grouting (JG) samples directly extracted from JG columns, usually known as soilcrete. JG technology is a soft-soil improvement method worldwide applied, extremely versatile and economically attractive when compared with other methods. However, even after many years of experience still lacks of accurate methods for JG columns design. Accordingly, in the present paper a novel approach (based on SVM algorithm) for UCS prediction of soilcrete mixtures is proposed supported on 472 results collected from different geotechnical works. Furthermore, a global sensitivity analysis is applied in order to explain and extract understandable knowledge from the proposed model. Such analysis allows one to identify the key variables in UCS prediction and to measure its effect. Finally, a tentative step toward a development of UCS prediction based on laboratory studies is presented and discussed.  相似文献   

Experimental prediction of the noncontact jet Trencher’s excavation depth in clay     

Shusen Zhang  Chun Wang  Tong Ge 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2017,35(2):300-304

Trenching depth calculation of traveling jet is a very important field in both pipeline burying and dredging engineering. The trenching ability of a noncontact control flow jet trencher was predicted by experimental method according to the geometry similarity. In the test, the jet pressure, the shear strength of clay, and the translational speed of nozzle were the same with the design parameters, while the nozzle was a reduced scale model. The trenching depth was found about seven to nine times of the nozzle’s diameter. The width of the trench was about four times of the nozzle’s diameter. Based on the test results the noncontact jet trencher was produced and succeeded in practical usage.  相似文献   

耀变体亮温度与黑洞喷流能量的相关性讨论     

晏培琳  张皓晶  马凯旋  陆林 《天文研究与技术》2021,(2):153-161

耀变体(Blazars)的亮温度与黑洞喷流能量和吸积率有重要关系.搜集了53个耀变体源样本,包括22个蝎虎天体(BL Lacs)和31个平谱射电类星体(Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars,FSRQs),研究了耀变体亮温度与黑洞喷流能量的分布,并对子类中亮温度与黑洞喷流能量的相关性进行了讨论.研究结果...  相似文献   

二维界面流的稳定性及相路方程的椭圆型条件          下载免费PDF全文

欧阳首承  朱克云 《大气科学》1991,15(1):74-83

针对天气实践的一些问题,本文改变了文献[1]的某些作法,分别就上、下行波的稳定性情况,切变邻近区域相路方程的类型条件作了较细致的讨论。结果表明:不稳定极易发生在背急流方向而立的左侧,并在不连续界面的两侧其稳定性是不同的,其相路方程也是有条件的——急流轴及其左侧邻近地区,一般满足椭圆型条件,而其右侧则有可能出现双曲型,从而揭示了扰动沿东西向传播时不稳定易于维持的原因,并与天气实践吻合。  相似文献   

2022 年初冬伊犁河谷一次极端暴雪过程诊断分析          下载免费PDF全文

祝小梅  范宏云  Qiaolipan?Bieken 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2023,17(4):1-6

为了更全面地伊犁河谷极端暴雪发生发展的机制,利用常规探空和地面观测资料、FY-2H长波辐射资料(Outgoing Long-wave Radiation,OLR)和NCEP/NCAR１°×１°再分析资料,采用天气动力学分析方法对2022年11月22日-24日出现在伊犁河谷极端暴雪过程的成因和动力结构演变特征进行分析,结果表明:(1)此次降雪为强锋区降雪,锋区内不断有短波东移,是暴雪发生的大尺度环流背景；300hPa极锋急流、500hPa强锋区、700hPa强偏西急流的流场配置起至关重要作用。(2)低层冷空气入侵,迫使暖湿空气抬升、气温下降,形成了下冷上暖的强逆温层结,而导致降水相态转变。降雪持续时间长,导致强降雪发生。(3)低层偏西急流把水汽输送到暴雪区,并在暴雪区上方产生强的水汽辐合中心,为本次暴雪提供了有利的水汽条件。散度场对大暴雪的发生有较好的先兆意义,双辐合-辐散结构的散度场特征可以作为预报降雪加大的指标。(4)暴雪过程发生时大气处于对流稳定状态,但存在对称不稳定能量的释放。(5)OLR特征分析表明OLR３ｈ平均值与３ｈ降雪量存在明显的负相关关系。  相似文献