湖南湘西金矿尾矿-水相互作用的动力学   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

谭凯旋 《大地构造与成矿学》1998,22(2):156-162

湖南湘西金矿尾矿-水相互作用非常强烈,导致了尾矿中硫化矿物、硅酸盐矿物的溶解和金属元素的活化迁移。实验和理论分析表明,尾矿-水相互作用过程中存在多相（表面）催化和自催化作用,尾矿中金属硫化物的溶解导致水溶液酸化和SO4等介质浓度增高,并进一步促进尾矿-水相互作用和尾矿中金属元素的释放和迁移;同时,尾矿-水相互作用中释放的金属元素与水溶液中的阴离子形成稳定的络合物,金属的水解可显著加快金属络合物的形成速率,从而又进一步促进了尾矿-水的相互作用。  相似文献   

Kinetics of the graphite–diamond transformation in aqueous fluid determined by in-situ X-ray diffractions at high pressures and temperatures     

T.?OkadaEmail author  W.?Utsumi  H.?Kaneko  V.?Turkevich  N.?Hamaya  O.?Shimomura 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2004,31(4):261-268

The graphite-diamond transformation was investigated by in situ time-resolved X-ray diffraction experiments using aqueous fluid containing dissolved MgO as the diamond-forming catalyst under conditions of 6.6–8.9 GPa and 1400–1835 °C. The transformed volume fractions of diamond as a function of time under various pressure-temperature conditions were obtained and analyzed using the JMAK rate equation. Variations in the nucleation and growth processes during diamond formation as a function of pressure and temperature were clarified.  相似文献   

尖刺拟菱形藻氮磷吸收动力学以及氮磷限制下的增殖特征   总被引：13，自引：1，他引：13  

张诚  邹景忠 《海洋与湖沼》1997,28(6):599-603

于１９９１年１１月有胶州湾采集尖刺拟菱形藻，以毛细管法分离纯化，建立克隆藻株，以此为实验材料，研究其在营养盐饥饿状态下对ＮＯ３－Ｎ，ＮＨ４－Ｎ和ＰＯ４－Ｐ的吸收动力学及在营养盐限制下的增殖特征。  相似文献   

T-BAMBP/磺化煤油萃取体系从盐湖卤水中萃取铷的动力学研究          下载免费PDF全文

黄东方  郑红  宝阿敏  段东平  王舒娅  李波 《盐湖研究》2016,24(1)

采用上升单液滴法研究从盐湖卤水中萃取铷的动力学,主要考察了比界面积、水相铷浓度和油相(t-BAMBP/磺化煤油)浓度对萃取速率的影响,通过比界面积的研究发现t-BAMBP萃取铷的过程由界面化学反应和相内化学反应共同控制;通过对实验数据的非线性拟合得到了萃取体系的动力学方程,R=9.936×10_-7[Rb+]_1.134[t-BAMBP]_2.190,萃取速率对铷的反应级数为a=1.134,对t-BAMBP反应级数b=2.190,实验值和计算值的均方根误差为1.735 %。  相似文献   

利用生排烃动力学研究海相及煤系烃源岩的残留烃及其裂解成气特征     

王云鹏  田静  卢家烂  刘德汉 《海相油气地质》2008,13(4)

以煤与海相泥岩的块状样品为研究对象进行多升温速率下的排烃模拟实验,借助生烃动力学方法处理实验模拟结果,对煤与海相泥岩的残留烃特征进行了研究。结果表明:海相泥岩残留烃在Ro为1.0%时达到高峰,然后逐渐降低,而煤中残留烃在Ro为1.0%时达到高峰后便基本上保持稳定。煤吸附能力比海相泥岩的强,其残留烃量也比海相泥岩大。成熟作用对于煤及海相泥岩残留烃都有很大的影响。高过成熟阶段海相地层中烃类构成以油藏或输导层中原油裂解气为主,源岩中的残余液态烃也有一定的贡献,而煤在排烃结束以后煤中分散液态烃对裂解气的贡献更大些。煤中残留烃主要是前期形成的烃类由于排烃效率不高而聚集起来的,而海相残留烃基本上随着残余生烃潜力的降低而降低,这一方面说明海相残留烃受生烃作用的影响,另一方面也受排烃效率的影响。模拟样品中的残留烃及残余生烃潜力均可以与自然样品对比,表明了该方法的实用性。  相似文献   

Dissolution kinetics of selected natural minerals relevant to potential CO2-injection sites − Part 1: A review     

《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2016,76(4):621-641

This publication provides a literature review on experimental studies of dissolution kinetics of mainly carbonates and feldspar group minerals, i.e. most common minerals at potential CO₂-injection and/or storage sites. Geochemical interaction processes between injected CO₂ and coexisting phases, namely reservoir and cap rock minerals and formation fluids close to the CO₂-injection site can be simulated by flow-through or mixed flow reactors, while processes far from the injection site and long-term processes after termination actual CO₂-injection can be mimicked by batch reactors. At sufficient small stirring rates or fluid flow rates as well as low solute concentrations flow-through reactors are also able to simulate processes far from the injection site. The experimental parameter temperature not only intensifies the dissolution process, the dominant dissolution mechanisms are also influenced by temperature. The dissolution mechanisms change from incongruent and surface controlled mechanisms at lower temperatures to congruent and transport controlled mechanisms at higher temperatures. The CO₂ partial pressure has only a second order influence on dissolution behavior compared to the influence of pH-value and ionic strength of the CO₂-bearing brine. Minerals exposed to CO₂-bearing brines at elevated temperatures and pressures are subject of alteration, leading to severe changes of reactive surfaces and potential precipitation of secondary minerals.Computational simulations of mineral reactions at potential CO₂ storage sites have therefore to include not only the time-resolved changes of dissolution behavior and hence kinetics of mineral dissolution, but also the influence of secondary minerals on the interaction of the minerals with CO₂-enriched brines.  相似文献   

庐枞火山盆地玄武岩与流体相互作用   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

胡书敏  张荣华  张雪彤  黄文斌 《岩石学报》2010,26(9):2681-2693

庐枞火山盆地的玄武岩大量喷发过程和随后的浅成岩浆活动都伴随大规模流体活动,并引发了大规模的金属成矿活动和蚀变岩带,具有十分清晰的分带性。内带是深色蚀变和外面是浅色蚀变。以庐枞火山盆地的玄武岩为对象,进行高温高压水岩相互作用的化学动力学实验,对于理解火山岩石的水热蚀变和空间的分带性,认识金属来源有很大意义。实验条件是20～400℃和23MPa范围,使用流动反应器进行的。实验结果发现:在多数温度条件下,岩石里的各种金属元素有不同的溶解速率。在300℃时,各种金属元素,Na,Ca,Mg,Al等容易溶解。而在温度300℃时,硅容易溶解。在等于300℃时,硅有最大反应速率。溶解反应动力学过程在300℃发生转变,恰好与火山岩石的深色蚀变和外面的浅色蚀变的分界温度一致。大于300℃时的反应的产物与小于300℃时的反应的产物不同。实验结果有助于理解火山岩石的蚀变和矿石成因。同时,火山岩石的水热蚀变还可以导致含金属流体的出现,可以说明水-岩相互作用导致金属来源。这些实验对于解释火山盆地的深部的地球物理探测的成果是十分必要的。  相似文献   

Removal of Heavy Metals from Synthetic Mixture as well as Pharmaceutical Sample Via Cation Exchange Resin Modified with Rhodamine B: Its Thermodynamic and Kinetic Studies     

Syed A. Nabi  Mohammad Shahadat  Abid H. Shalla  Amjad M. T. Khan 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2011,39(12):1120-1128

A new sorbent was prepared by loading rhodamine B on Amberlite IR‐120. Various physico‐chemical parameters such as effects of adsorbate concentration, contact time, pH, and temperature on the sorption of the dye have been studied. Thermodynamic parameters (ΔH° and ΔS°) were also evaluated for the sorption of dye. Kinetic studies revealed that the sorption of the dye was best fit for pseudo‐second‐order kinetic. The metal ion uptake in different solvent systems has been explored through column studies. On the basis of distribution coefficient (K_d), some heavy metal ions of analytical interest from binary mixtures have been separated. The limit of detection (LOD) for the Ni²⁺ and Fe³⁺ metal ions was 0.81 and 0.60 µg L^?1, and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was found to be 2.72 and 2.0 µg L^?1. This sorbent has also been successfully applied in the analysis of multivitamin formulation. The applicability of the modified resin in the separation of heavy metals constituting real and synthetic samples has been explored.  相似文献   

Adsorption Characteristics of Reactive Black 5 from Aqueous Solution onto Chitosan     

Tapan K. Saha  Nikhil C. Bhoumik  Subarna Karmaker  Mahmooda G. Ahmed  Hideki Ichikawa  Yoshinobu Fukumori 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2011,39(10):984-993

Adsorption of reactive black 5 (RB5) from aqueous solution onto chitosan was investigated in a batch system. The effects of solution pH, initial dye concentration, and temperature were studied. Adsorption data obtained from different batch experiments were modeled using both pseudo first‐ and second‐order kinetic equations. The equilibrium adsorption data were fitted to the Freundlich, Tempkin, and Langmuir isotherms over a dye concentration range of 45–100 µmol/L. The best results were achieved with the pseudo second‐order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm equilibrium models, respectively. The equilibrium adsorption capacity (q_e) was increased with increasing the initial dye concentration and solution temperature, and decreasing solution pH. The chitosan flakes for the adsorption of the dye was regenerated efficiently through the alkaline solution and was then reused for dye removal. The activation energy (E_a) of sorption kinetics was estimated to be 13.88 kJ/mol. Thermodynamic parameters such as changes in free energy (ΔG), enthalpy (ΔH), and entropy (ΔS) were evaluated by applying the van't Hoff equation. The thermodynamics of reactive dye adsorption by chitosan indicates its spontaneous and endothermic nature.  相似文献   

Fe-TiO2的制备及在可见光下催化降解对硝基苯胺          下载免费PDF全文

张一兵  杨燕平 《盐湖研究》2013,(4):37-41

采用水热法自制了铁掺杂的锐钛矿型铁二氧化钛光催化剂Fe-TiO2。通过分析对硝基苯胺溶液的初始浓度、二氧化钛掺铁量、TiO2用量和溶液的pH值对光催化速率的影响,研究了Fe-TiO2光催化对硝基苯胺动力学行为。结果表明,在对硝基苯胺的初始浓度为25mg／L,Fe-TiO2掺铁量为0．2％（摩尔分数）,TiO2用量为0．1g／L,溶液pH=6,室温下可见光照反应10h,对硝基苯胺的降解率D和表观反应速率常数k达到最大。光催化反应符合L-H动力学规律,对硝基苯胺的降解过程为拟一级反应,k为0．0314h^-1。  相似文献