长偶极大功率可控源激励下目标体电性参数的频率响应   总被引：13，自引：6，他引：7       下载免费PDF全文

底青云  王光杰  王妙月  王若 《地球物理学报》2009,52(1):275-280

利用三维（3D）全空间积分方程准线性解作为数值模拟手段,对包含电离层、大气层和地球介质层的“地-电离层”典型异常目标体多层介质模型进行了数值模拟,得到了偶极源长度100 km、电流200 A、收发距离远达1600 km的合理的异常电性目标体的电阻率-频率响应结果.通过对不同埋深异常目标体的电阻率-频率特征的讨论,认为当考虑电离层和大气层的“地-电离层”大尺度深层横向不均匀复杂介质模拟时,电磁场对深部目标体仍有很好的异常响应,但当异常体电阻率及同一电阻率的岩石埋深不同时,其电阻率-频率的响应特征有很大不同,这正反映了不同岩石物性参数的电阻率-频率响应特征.文中结果表明从长偶极大功率源（WEM）激励的电磁场观测资料区分岩石的电阻率参数是可能的,这为利用WEM观测资料建立电性参数和岩石/地层参数经验关系奠定了基础.  相似文献   

汶川M_S8.0地震对甘肃陇东地区的破坏影响与特征分析   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

王爱国  杨晓鹏  李明永  柳煜  石航  史继平 《地震工程学报》2009,31(1):80-85

在汶川MS8.0地震后甘肃陇东地区的详细灾害调查基础上,对该区地震破坏进行了分类研究,给出了各种建筑物及工程结构的破坏程度及破坏特征.结合该区独特的地质地理环境对产生地震破坏的原因进行了分析.认为该区地震破坏相对严重的原因除与建筑物本身质量及结构有关外,还与远震和地形影响的长周期效应及持时较长有关.  相似文献   

磷灰石U-Th/He法——一种低温热年代计          下载免费PDF全文

郑德文  王非  张培震 《地震地质》2000,22(4):427-435

回顾了U Th/He测年方法的发展过程 ,简要介绍了该方法测年的原理、分析流程和长α -粒子停止距离校正。然后介绍了近年来在磷灰石He扩散性研究及数值模拟方面取得的一些成果和磷灰石U Th/He热年代计在研究古地貌、岩体构造抬升、盆地热历史演化方面的应用。最后分析了U Th/He测年方法的优、缺点 ,说明这一方法既存在广阔的应用前景 ,又有待于进一步完善、提高。  相似文献   

Nonlinear and 3D effects in leaky infragravity waves     

A. R. Van Dongeren  I. A. Svendsen   《Coastal Engineering》2000,41(4)

In this paper, infragravity (IG) waves, forced by normally and obliquely incident wave groups, are studied using the quasi-3D (Q3D) nearshore circulation model SHORECIRC [Van Dongeren, A.R., I.A. Svendsen, 1997b. Quasi 3-D modeling of nearshore hydrodynamics. Research report CACR-97-04. Center for Applied Coastal Research, University of Delaware, Newark, 243 pp.], which includes the Q3D effects. The governing equations that form the basis of the model, as well as the numerical model and the boundary conditions, are described. The model is applied to the case of leaky IG waves. It is shown that the Q3D terms have a significant effect on the cross-shore variation of the surface elevation envelope, especially around the breakpoint and in the inner surf zone. The effect of wave groupiness on the temporal and spatial variation of all Q3D terms is shown after which their contribution to the momentum equations is analyzed. This reveals that only those Q3D coefficients, which appear in combination with the largest horizontal velocity shears make a significant contribution to the momentum equations. As a result of the calculation of the Q3D coefficients, the IG wave velocity profiles can be determined. This shows that in the surf zone, the velocity profiles exhibit a large curvature and time variation in the cross-shore direction, and a small — but essential — depth variation in the longshore direction.  相似文献   

Long period variations of the motion of a satellite due to non-resonant tesseral harmonics of a gravity potential     

G. Metris  P. Exertier  Y. Boudon  F. Barlier 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》1993,57(1-2):175-188

The main effects of tesseral harmonics of a gravity potential expansion on the motion of a satellite, are short period variations as well as long period variations due to resonances. However, other smaller long period and secular variations can arise from interactions between tesseral terms of the same order. The analytical integration of these effects is developed, using numerical evaluation of Kaula eccentricity and inclination functions. Examples for some Earth's geodetic satellites show that secular effects can reach a few decameters per year. The secular variations can even reach several hundred of meters per year for the Mars natural satellite Phobos.  相似文献   

冷空气对夏季高原涡移出高原后长久与短期活动影响的对比分析     

郁淑华  高文良 《大气科学》2018,42(6):1297-1326

本文利用NCEP/NCAR-FNL再分析资料、历史天气图和青藏高原低涡切变线年鉴,通过分析1998~2016年高原涡活动情况,对在高原以东活动时间大于96 h的高原涡（长持续涡）和在高原以东活动时间不大于30 h的高原涡（短持续涡）,进行了环流与冷空气活动特征与位涡诊断的对比分析,得出了长、短持续涡的环境场、冷空气活动特征,揭示了冷空气活动、高空锋区对长、短持续涡的影响。结果表明:（1）长持续涡移出高原后是在受较明显冷空气影响情况下加强并持续的,短持续涡则没有明显受冷空气影响。长持续涡所处的低槽较深,槽后的冷温度槽较明显,副热带高压（简称副高）偏南;短持续涡处在分裂槽中,有冷舌,副高偏北;说明影响低涡活动的天气系统强,槽后的冷温度槽明显,副高偏南是低涡能较长时间持续的重要环流条件。（2）长持续涡不仅受到较强冷平流的影响,还处在有狭长的干冷与暖湿空气相遇的地带,使涡区极易产生对流不稳定和低涡扰动,利于低涡加强并持续,短持续涡则远不及长持续涡。（3）长持续涡移出高原后受两个不同方向冷空气影响,涡区内一般伴有两个高位涡中心区,而短持续涡的只有一个高位涡中心区,且位涡值比长持续涡小,长持续涡活动过程中的斜压性也比短持续涡强。另外,长持续涡活动过程中相应的高空急流较强,在增强、东伸、南压作用下,造成200 hPa高空有高位涡下传到低涡,而短持续涡所伴的西风急流平直、弱,造成了短持续涡只受到400 hPa高位涡下传的影响。（4）冷空气影响高原涡维持的作用有:使影响高原涡活动的天气系统加强;使高原涡斜压性增强、对流不稳定增强;使高空有高位涡下传至低涡附近层次,造成低涡区域正位涡异常,垂直涡度发展,低涡加强。  相似文献   

Exploring determinants of the extent of long distance commuting in Australia: accounting for space     

Christopher Nicholas  Riccardo Welters 《The Australian geographer》2016,47(1):103-120

Previous research exploring the impacts of long distance commuting (LDC) or, more generally, mining on host regions, struggles to explain the variability of these impacts over time and across space. This article argues that spatial effects should be accounted for explicitly in order to improve the predictive power of contemporary research. We study the extent of LDC in a region in a spatial model disaggregating Australia into 325 subregions. We find evidence that space is an important factor in explaining the extent of LDC in a region, which challenges the validity of studying LDC impacts on host regions in isolation. With regards to the determinants of the extent of LDC, we find that residential attractiveness of a region influences the extent of LDC in a region; the size of the pool of unemployed in a region does not.  相似文献   

Long-term variation of solar UVB (290–330 nm) observed at the earth's surface     

R. P. Kane 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1991,136(2-3):201-210

During solar cycle 21 (1976–86), the primary solar irradiance at 300 nm was steady during 1980–82 and thereafter decreased until 1986 by only 2–3%. The stratospheric ozone in middle latitudes had a QBO of 3–4% in this interval but the long-term ozone trend was less than 3% per decade, which could result in a UVB increase of only 5–6% per decade. Thus, the combined effect of changes in primary solar irradiance and ozone changes could be an increase of 5–6% in UVB, observed at ground during 1977–81 and a steady level during 1981–86. During 1976–86, the average cloudiness changed by less than 5% indicating UVB changes of 5% or less on this count. The aerosol level was almost constant during 1976–82 and increased abruptly in 1982 due to the E1 Chichon eruption and decayed slowly unitl 1986. Thus, due to aerosols only, the UVB was expected to be constant during 1976–82, to decrease sharply in 1982 and to recoup slowly thereafter.Measurements of clear-sky solar UVB at ground made at Jungfraujoch (Swiss Alps, 47°N, 8°E) during 1981–89 and at Rockville, USA (39°N, 77°W) were not comparable between themselves and did not follow the above expected patterns. Neither did the all-day R-B meter UVB measurements at Philadelphia, USA (40°N, 75°W) and Minneapolis, USA (45°N, 93°W). We suspect that some of these measurements are erroneous. This needs further detailed scrutiny.  相似文献   

Run-up of tsunamis and long waves in terms of surf-similarity     

Per A. Madsen  David R. Fuhrman 《Coastal Engineering》2008

In this paper we review and re-examine the classical analytical solutions for run-up of periodic long waves on an infinitely long slope as well as on a finite slope attached to a flat bottom. Both cases provide simple expressions for the maximum run-up and the associated flow velocity in terms of the surf-similarity parameter and the amplitude to depth ratio determined at some offshore location. We use the analytical expressions to analyze the impact of tsunamis on beaches and relate the discussion to the recent Indian Ocean tsunami from December 26, 2004. An important conclusion is that extreme run-up combined with extreme flow velocities occurs for surf-similarity parameters of the order 3–6, and for typical tsunami wave periods this requires relatively mild beach slopes. Next, we compare the theoretical solutions to measured run-up of breaking and non-breaking irregular waves on steep impermeable slopes. For the non-breaking waves, the theoretical curves turn out to be superior to state-of-the-art empirical estimates. Finally, we compare the theoretical solutions with numerical results obtained with a high-order Boussinesq-type method, and generally obtain an excellent agreement.  相似文献   

黄河源区蒸散发量时空变化趋势及突变分析   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

刘蓉  文军  王欣 《气候与环境研究》2016,21(5):503-511

蒸散发量是流域水文过程的关键因子。由于缺乏区域面上实际蒸散发量的长期观测,很难得到长时间序列的蒸散发时空变化趋势。因此,本研究首先利用架设在黄河源若尔盖地区的涡动相关系统观测的2010年全年的蒸散发资料进行分析,对欧洲中心提供的ERA-interim和美国国家环境预报中心(NCEP)提供的地表变量再分析数据集进行了局地适用性评估,并依据再分析蒸散数据集,基于统计学方法分析了1979~2014年黄河源区蒸散发量的时空分布及变化特征。结果表明:(1)ERA-interim蒸散发再分析资料在黄河源区适用性较好,均方根误差为0.63,NCEP蒸散发再分析资料在4~7月、10~12月模拟值偏高,均方根误差为0.81。(2)进而利用ERA-interim蒸散发再分析资料,基于Mann Kendall方法及Sen斜率(Sen’s slope estimator)检验法,分析了黄河源区蒸散发量在1979~2014年期间的变化趋势。黄河源区蒸散发量总体上呈现北高南低的年变化趋势,北部兴海—共和—贵德地区增加最为迅速,年变化率在1.5~2.5 mm/a,西南部曲麻莱—治多—玉树地区减少最为明显,变化率为-1.0~-0.5 mm/a,东南部玛沁—玛曲—久治地区蒸散发量的变化在0.5~1.0 mm/a。(3)利用滑动t检验和SQMK(Sequential Mann Kendall)方法检测出发生突变的年份集中在20世纪80年代。  相似文献