基于K-Means算法的架空输电线路载流量计算     

林锦荣  武云发  廖如超  陈郑淦哲 《南京气象学院学报》2021,13(1):73-78

针对边界条件取值过于保守导致架空输电线路载流量过小而无法充分发挥输电线路的载流能力的问题,本文提出了一种基于K-Means算法的架空输电线路载流量计算方法.首先对历史气象数据进行统计分析,然后根据每月气象数据的相似性,使用K-Means算法划分时段,并选取各时段最为合适的边界条件,最后基于选定的边界条件使用摩根公式进行仿真计算.通过这种方法,可以在保证线路运行安全的条件下挖掘输电线路的隐性输送能力.  相似文献   

Field study on flow structures within aquatic vegetation under combined currents and small-scale waves     

Yinghao Zhang  Xijun Lai  Jingxu Ma  Qian Zhang  Ru Yu  Xin Yao  Huanguang Deng 《水文研究》2021,35(4):e14121

Field measurements were conducted to study the influence of aquatic vegetation on flow structures in floodplains under combined currents and wind-driven waves. Wave and turbulent velocities were decomposed from the time series of instantaneous velocity and analysed separately. In the present study, the wind waves were small, leading to the ratios of wave excursion (E_w) to stem spacing (S) for all cases tested here were less than 0.5. This caused the vertical distributions of time-averaged velocity (U_horiz) and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) impacted by vegetation similar with the vegetated flow structures under pure current conditions. For emergent vegetation, U_horiz and TKE distributed uniformly through the entire water column or increased slightly from bed to water surface. Similar distributions were present in the lower part of submerged vegetation. In the upper part of submerged vegetation, U_horiz and TKE increased rapidly toward water surface and TKE reached its maximum near the top of vegetation. The measured wave orbital velocity (U_w) fitted linear wave theory well through the entire water depth for both the emergent and submerged cases, so that with small E_w/S the wave velocity was not attenuated within vegetation and U_w within canopy can be predicted by the linear wave theory under combined currents and waves. However, wind-driven waves made the turbulence generated near the top of canopy penetrate a deeper depth into vegetation than predictions under pure current conditions.  相似文献   

On the generation of baroclinic rossby waves in the presence of a semi-circular boundary     

John A. Johnson 《地球物理与天体物理流体动力学》2013,107(1-3):107-121

Abstract

An analytical model is constructed for the generation of baroclinic Rossby waves by a vorticity source in the presence of a semi-circular boundary. The vorticity source is used to represent the effect of the Agulhas retroflection to the south of Southern Africa. The displacement of the interface between the two layers of the model ocean consists of quantized waves near the coast and a train of Rossby waves drifting westward further offshore.  相似文献   

Subaqueous sediment density flows: Depositional processes and deposit types   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

PETER J. TALLING  DOUGLAS G. MASSON  ESTHER J. SUMNER  GIUSEPPE MALGESINI 《Sedimentology》2012,59(7):1937-2003

Submarine sediment density flows are one of the most important processes for moving sediment across our planet, yet they are extremely difficult to monitor directly. The speed of long run‐out submarine density flows has been measured directly in just five locations worldwide and their sediment concentration has never been measured directly. The only record of most density flows is their sediment deposit. This article summarizes the processes by which density flows deposit sediment and proposes a new single classification for the resulting types of deposit. Colloidal properties of fine cohesive mud ensure that mud deposition is complex, and large volumes of mud can sometimes pond or drain‐back for long distances into basinal lows. Deposition of ungraded mud (T_E‐3) most probably finally results from en masse consolidation in relatively thin and dense flows, although initial size sorting of mud indicates earlier stages of dilute and expanded flow. Graded mud (T_E‐2) and finely laminated mud (T_E‐1) most probably result from floc settling at lower mud concentrations. Grain‐size breaks beneath mud intervals are commonplace, and record bypass of intermediate grain sizes due to colloidal mud behaviour. Planar‐laminated (T_D) and ripple cross‐laminated (T_C) non‐cohesive silt or fine sand is deposited by dilute flow, and the external deposit shape is consistent with previous models of spatial decelerating (dissipative) dilute flow. A grain‐size break beneath the ripple cross‐laminated (T_C) interval is common, and records a period of sediment reworking (sometimes into dunes) or bypass. Finely planar‐laminated sand can be deposited by low‐amplitude bed waves in dilute flow (T_B‐1), but it is most likely to be deposited mainly by high‐concentration near‐bed layers beneath high‐density flows (T_B‐2). More widely spaced planar lamination (T_B‐3) occurs beneath massive clean sand (T_A), and is also formed by high‐density turbidity currents. High‐density turbidite deposits (T_A, T_B‐2 and T_B‐3) have a tabular shape consistent with hindered settling, and are typically overlain by a more extensive drape of low‐density turbidite (T_D and T_C,). This core and drape shape suggests that events sometimes comprise two distinct flow components. Massive clean sand is less commonly deposited en masse by liquefied debris flow (D_CS), in which case the clean sand is ungraded or has a patchy grain‐size texture. Clean‐sand debrites can extend for several tens of kilometres before pinching out abruptly. Up‐current transitions suggest that clean‐sand debris flows sometimes form via transformation from high‐density turbidity currents. Cohesive debris flows can deposit three types of ungraded muddy sand that may contain clasts. Thick cohesive debrites tend to occur in more proximal settings and extend from an initial slope failure. Thinner and highly mobile low‐strength cohesive debris flows produce extensive deposits restricted to distal areas. These low‐strength debris flows may contain clasts and travel long distances (D_M‐2), or result from more local flow transformation due to turbulence damping by cohesive mud (D_M‐1). Mapping of individual flow deposits (beds) emphasizes how a single event can contain several flow types, with transformations between flow types. Flow transformation may be from dilute to dense flow, as well as from dense to dilute flow. Flow state, deposit type and flow transformation are strongly dependent on the volume fraction of cohesive fine mud within a flow. Recent field observations show significant deviations from previous widely cited models, and many hypotheses linking flow type to deposit type are poorly tested. There is much still to learn about these remarkable flows.  相似文献   

水库浑水异重流潜入点判别条件   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

李书霞  夏军强  张俊华  刘沛清  王艳平 《水科学进展》2012,23(3):363-368

泥沙淤积是影响多沙河流水库寿命的一大难题,而异重流排沙是减少库区淤积的重要措施之一。异重流的潜入现象是异重流开始形成的直观标志,研究异重流潜入条件的判别方法有助于掌握异重流在库区内的演进规律。总结了水库异重流潜入条件的定性描述及定量计算方法,指出已有的潜入点判别公式的优缺点及适用范围,改进了描述异重流运动的动量方程,同时分析了异重流流速与含沙量沿垂线不均匀分布对动量传递的影响;在此基础上提出新的异重流潜入条件判别式,并用多组室内及野外实测资料对该判别条件进行率定与验证。分析结果表明,新的计算公式可用于判别小浪底库区异重流的潜入条件。  相似文献   

感潮河段丁坝局部冲刷三维数值模拟   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

张新周  窦希萍  王向明  王惠民  赵晓冬  徐雪松 《水科学进展》2012,23(2):222-228

针对局部冲刷和一般冲刷的不同,建立了考虑垂向水流作用的局部冲刷三维紊流泥沙数学模型,并对往复流和单向流作用下的丁坝局部冲刷进行了验证计算和数值模拟。结果表明,往复流作用下丁坝局部冲刷在冲刷过程和冲淤形态上与单向流有明显不同,若采用单向流作用下的局部冲刷模型试验结果来指导往复流作用下丁坝头防护工程的设计和施工是不利的。  相似文献   

深水重力流与底流交互作用研究进展   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

吴嘉鹏  王英民  王海荣  李华  彭学超  邱燕  李冬 《地质论评》2012,58(6):1110-1120

重力流和底流是深水环境下的两大基本流动体制,对二者交互作用的研究是当前沉积学研究的前缘和薄弱环节.底流及底流改造沉积物在岩芯上具有上部侵蚀面、双泥层、牵引流成因的各种层理等识别标志;底流成因的漂积体在剖面上呈现透镜状单元、迁移性特征及波状发射等地震反射特征.本文通过综述重力流与底流交互作用的研究成果,认为依据某段地质时期内深水盆地中主导沉积机制的不同,将重力流与底流的交互作用分为以下4种表现形式:①底流对前期重力流沉积进行改造;②重力流对前期底流沉积进行改造;③重力流与底流交互主导同一地区的沉积以及④底流与重力流同时作用于沉积物.相对海平面变化、气候(冰期～间冰期)变化、构造活动、地形地貌等因素,主要通过影响重力流与底流机制的相对强度大小,控制深水重力流与底流交互作用的进行.中国南海具有重力流与底流交互沉积的优越地质条件,发育有单向迁移水道、沉积物波等特色沉积记录.加强现今海流观测,对于南海底流循环格架的建立意义重大.  相似文献   

流体性质转换机制在重力流沉积体系分析中应用初探   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

李存磊  任伟伟  唐明明 《地质论评》2012,58(2):285-296

自1950年Kuenen发表"浊流形成粒序层理"一文至今,深水重力流研究取得了长足发展。然而,目前很多学者不仅对浊流理论分歧很大,而且对浊流概念、术语的使用也有不同的观点,这严重制约了重力流的分类及重力流沉积体系的识别。本文在重力流沉积过程和流态研究的基础上,提出了基于"流体性质转换"理论的重力流沉积体系分析方法。研究认为,重力流在形成、发展和消亡过程中不仅存在多个流体阶段,而且存在着多种流态之间的转换。这种流体发育的最终阶段特征决定了重力流沉积体系的形态与类别,而流态共存与转换的特性造成了深水紊流成因的浊积岩与其他流体成因的岩相共存的沉积特征。根据这一理论对牵引流—碎屑流成因的扇三角洲体系、浊流成因的近岸水下扇体系和碎屑流成因的斜坡裙体系进行成因分析与特征对比,阐述了"流体性质转换"理论在沉积体系识别中的作用。  相似文献   

Recognition of cyclic steps in sandy and gravelly turbidite sequences,and consequences for the Bouma facies model   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

George Postma  Kick Kleverlaan  Matthieu J. B. Cartigny 《Sedimentology》2014,61(7):2268-2290

Preservation of cyclic steps contrasts markedly with that of subcritical‐flow bedforms, because cyclic steps migrate upslope eroding their lee face and preserving their stoss side. Such bedforms have not been described from turbidite outcrops and cores as yet. A conceptual block diagram for recognition of cyclic steps in outcrop has been constructed and is tested by outcrop studies of deep water submarine fan deposits of the Tabernas Basin in south‐eastern Spain. Experimental data indicate that depositional processes on the stoss side of a cyclic step are controlled by a hydraulic jump, which decelerates the flow and by subsequent waxing of the flow up to supercritical conditions once more. The hydraulic jump produces a large scour with soft‐sediment deformation (flames) preserved in coarse‐tail normal‐graded structureless deposits (Bouma Ta), while near‐horizontal, massive to stratified top‐cut‐out turbidite beds are found further down the stoss side of the bedform. The architecture of cyclic steps can best be described as large, up to hundreds of metres, lens‐shaped bodies that are truncated by erosive surfaces representing the set boundaries and that consist of nearly horizontal lying stacks of top‐cut‐out turbidite beds. The facies that characterize these bedforms have traditionally been described as turbidite units in idealized vertical sequences of high‐density turbidity currents, but have not yet been interpreted to represent bedforms produced by supercritical flow. Their large size, which is in the order of 20 m for gravelly and up to hundreds of metres for sandy steps, is likely to have hindered their recognition in outcrop so far.  相似文献   

直流电法超前探测沙槽模拟实验     

王夏杰  ;李杰  ;刘晓明  ;刘俊辰 《矿产与地质》2014,(2):249-252

直流电法超前探测是研究掘进工作面前方地层电性变化规律,预测掘进面前方含、导水构造的分布和发育情况的一种井下电法探测新技术。本次超前探测实验是通过在沙坑中埋设已知的低阻体,在模拟巷道中布置电极的方式,采用网络并行电法勘测系统将前方已知的物体探测出来。因为资料采集不受外界电流和其他环境的影响,探测结果较为理想,可以较为清楚的反应前方的异常体,验证其电法超前探测的可行性。  相似文献