深圳湾红树林湿地面临的威胁与保护策略   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨新林  刘赞锋 《湿地科学与管理》2010,6(2):34-36

深圳湾红树林湿地是我国南方地区的重要湿地之一,多年来,一直受到诸多外界因素的干扰和威胁。深入分析了红树林湿地面临的威胁,以及各种环境问题对红树林湿地造成的影响及后果,提出了具体的红树林湿地保护策略与措施。  相似文献   

Mud crab ecology encourages site-specific approaches to fishery management     

P. Dumas  M. LéopoldL. Frotté  C. Peignon 《Journal of Sea Research》2012,67(1):1-9

Little is known about the effects of mud crabs population patterns on their exploitation. We used complementary approaches (experimental, fisher-based) to investigate how small-scale variations in density, size and sex-ratio related to the ecology of S. serrata may impact fishing practices in New Caledonia. Crabs were measured/sexed across 9 stations in contrasted mangrove systems between 2007 and 2009. Stations were described and classified in different kinds of mangrove forests (coastal, riverine, and estuarine); vegetation cover was qualitatively described at station scale. Annual catch was used as an indicator of fishing pressure. Middle-scale environmental factors (oceanic influence, vegetation cover) had significant contributions to crab density (GLM, 84.8% of variance), crab size and sex-ratio (< 30%). While small-scale natural factors contributed significantly to population structure, current fishing levels had no impacts on mud crabs. The observed, ecologically-driven heterogeneity of crab resource has strong social implications in the Pacific area, where land tenure system and traditional access rights prevent most fishers from freely selecting their harvest zones. This offers a great opportunity to encourage site-specific management of mud crab fisheries.  相似文献   

Long-term differences in annual litter production between alien (Sonneratia apetala) and native (Kandelia obovata) mangrove species in Futian,Shenzhen, China     

Lina Liu  Fenglan Li  Qiong Yang  Nora F.Y. Tam  Wenbo Liao  Qijie Zan 《Marine pollution bulletin》2014

Annual litter production in alien (Sonneratia apetala) and native (Kandelia obovata) mangrove forests in Shenzhen, China were compared from 1999 to 2010. S. apetala had significantly higher litter production than K. obovata, with mean annual total litter of 18.1 t ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ and 15.2 t ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹, respectively. The higher litter production in S. apetala forest indicates higher productivity and consequently more nutrient supply to the estuarine ecosystems but may be more invasive due to positive plant-soil feedbacks and nutrient availability to this alien species. Two peaks were recorded in S. apetala (May and October), while only one peak was observed in K. obovata, in early spring (March and April). Leaf and reproductive materials were the main contributors to litter production (>80%) in both forests. These results suggest that the ecological function of S. apetala and its invasive potential can be better understood based on a long-term litter fall analysis.  相似文献   

Plastic debris retention and exportation by a mangrove forest patch     

《Marine pollution bulletin》2014,78(1-2):252-257

An experiment observed the behavior of selected tagged plastic items deliberately released in different habitats of a tropical mangrove forest in NE Brazil in late rainy (September) and late dry (March) seasons. Significant differences were not reported among seasons. However, marine debris retention varied among habitats, according to characteristics such as hydrodynamic (i.e., flow rates and volume transported) and relative vegetation (Rhizophora mangle) height and density. The highest grounds retained significantly more items when compared to the borders of the river and the tidal creek. Among the used tagged items, PET bottles were more observed and margarine tubs were less observed, being easily transported to adjacent habitats. Plastic bags were the items most retained near the releasing site. The balance between items retained and items lost was positive, demonstrating that mangrove forests tend to retain plastic marine debris for long periods (months-years).  相似文献   

Solutions to blue carbon emissions: Shrimp cultivation,mangrove deforestation and climate change in coastal Bangladesh     

《Marine Policy》2017

In Bangladesh, export-oriented shrimp farming is one of the most important sectors of the national economy. However, shrimp farming in coastal Bangladesh has devastating effects on mangrove forests. Mangroves are the most carbon-rich forests in the tropics, and blue carbon (i.e., carbon in coastal and marine ecosystems) emissions from mangrove deforestation due to shrimp cultivation are accumulating. These anthropogenic carbon emissions are the dominant cause of climate change, which in turn affect shrimp cultivation. Some adaptation strategies including Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA), mangrove restoration, and Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD+) could help to reduce blue carbon emissions. Translocation of shrimp culture from mangroves to open-water IMTA and restoration of habitats could reduce blue carbon emissions, which in turn would increase blue carbon sequestration. Mangrove restoration by the REDD+ program also has the potential to conserve mangroves for resilience to climate change. However, institutional support is needed to implement the proposed adaptation strategies.  相似文献   

红树林植物木榄根际土壤真菌Penicillium sp. MA-37 的化学成分研究     

张一  李晓明  尚卓  李春顺  王斌贵 《海洋科学》2013,37(2):7-11

对采自海南文昌红树林根际土壤样品中分离到的真菌Penicillium sp. MA-37的次生代谢产物的化学成分进行了研究.利用硅胶柱层析、葡聚糖凝胶Sephadex LH-20柱层析、制备薄层层析以及重结晶等分离方法并通过现代波谱技术共分离、鉴定了8个天然产物,分别为:氮-(2-甲氧基-4-羟基苯)-丙酰胺酸(1),氮-(2,4-二甲氧基苯)-丙酰胺酸(2),氮-(2,4-二甲氧基苯)-丙酰胺酸甲酯(3),(22E,24R)-麦角甾-5,7,22-三烯-3β-醇(4),(22E,24R)-麦角甾-4,6,8(14),22-四烯-3-酮(5),(22E,24R)-5α,8α-环二氧麦角甾-6,22-双烯-3β-醇(6), asperamide B (7), cis-4-hydroxy-6-deoxyscytalone (8);其中化合物1为新化合物,化合物2和3为新天然产物.  相似文献   

基于红树林种植的滨海湿地恢复效果研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

徐华林  彭逸生  葛仙梅  李适宇  管东生  陈桂珠 《湿地科学与管理》2012,8(3):36-40

滨海湿地具有重要的生态意义和社会价值。由于社会经济的高速发展,滨海湿地面临着退化和消失的状况。基于红树林种植的滨海湿地恢复模式,是华南沿海传统围垦养殖区湿地恢复的方式之一。对深圳湾滨海湿地恢复工程开展为期1a的监测分析,结果显示:红树植物桐花树Aegiceras corniculatum对人工湿地生境适应性较好,秋茄Kandelia obovata、木榄Bruguiera gymnorrhiza需要在一定人工辅助条件下进行栽培。人工恢复湿地可使遭受污染的4类海水指标大幅改善,溶解氧、COD分别净化为Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类。建议今后尝试增加种植红树植物的种类,使用红树小苗并采取密植,投入适度的人工管理,延长水质处理期,采取多级水循环流程。  相似文献   

深圳现存红树林群落的生境及保护对策   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张倬纶  侯霄霖  梁文钊  章莹颖  黄腾龙  彭逸生 《湿地科学与管理》2012,(4):49-52

红树林是分布于热带、亚热带海岸潮间带的植物群落,具有重要的生态意义和社会价值。由于人口增加和城市扩张的缘故,城镇边缘的红树林面临着较大的环境压力。深圳市是我国经济发展和城市化的重点区域,也是华南沿海红树林分布比较集中的地区之一。深圳现有红树林面积169.7hm2,占深圳国土总面积的0.08%,集中分布在东部龙岗区的坝光盐灶村、东西涌,中部的福田红树林自然保护区,西部宝安区的西乡、福永、沙井及海上田园等地。随着深圳市经济的飞速发展,当地的红树林面积增长受到阻碍,功能退化。在野外调查的基础上,本文对深圳主要的红树林群落的地理位置、生境状况、种类组成、发展前景和所面临的威胁作了简要的介绍与分析,为深圳红树林的可持续发展提出建议和对策。  相似文献   

Chlorophyll-deficient propagules of Avicennia marina and apparent longer term deterioration of mangrove fitness in oil-polluted sediments     

Duke NC  Watkinson AJ 《Marine pollution bulletin》2002,44(11):1269-1276

A correlation between petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations in sediments and chlorophyll-deficient mutations in mangroves may occur also in Australian mangroves. Earlier reports of such mutations in the Caribbean area were evident in viviparous propagules of the common mangrove genera, Rhizophora, borne on otherwise normal trees. These mutant propagules were termed albinos' since they lacked chlorophyll and normal green coloration, leaving them white, yellow or red. The mutation was considered lethal since newly established albino seedlings appeared unable to survive more than a few months. Our preliminary investigation of mangroves in SE Queensland found a similar mutation in another common mangrove genus, Avicennia, and this was apparently also correlated with oil concentrations in sediments. Although, more evidence is required, an apparently similar relationship shows that whatever caused the mutations may act commonly across a diverse range of plant types in quite separate locations. How widespread might this mutation be in mangroves? How many genera and species are affected? Are all occurrences correlated with oil in sediments? Does oil cause the mutation? We discuss these important questions and the potentially serious implications to coastal management where high mutant densities may be indicative of longer term genetic deterioration of mangrove habitat in oil-polluted wetland environments.  相似文献   

Genetic variation in Avicennia marina in three estuaries of Sydney (Australia) and implications for rehabilitation and management     

Melville F  Burchett M 《Marine pollution bulletin》2002,44(6):469-479

In order to ensure conservation of mangroves, genetic diversity in remaining populations must be explored. Both morphological and isozyme analyses were used and compared in investigating the intra- and inter-estuarine variation in Avicennia marina in Sydney, the most urbanised area in Australia. Sediment characteristics, metal levels, tree attributes, leaf morphology and isozyme/allozyme analyses were conducted. Tree characteristics did not prove to be adequate genetic markers, but leaf morphology may be of use in this species. Isozyme/allozyme analyses indicated that genetic distance corresponded with geographic distance, although habitat metal levels may indicate local selection pressures. High levels of heterozygote deficiencies were displayed in each estuary, which could threaten future viability. The results hold implications for management as periodic isozyme analysis may be useful in indicating management needs. The identification of metal-tolerant types may also be useful. Transplantation among estuaries may assist in increasing genetic diversity, if considered desirable. Whatever the management aims, isozyme/allozyme analyses are shown to be useful for revealing genetic diversity in this species.  相似文献