东北亚共同体视阈下辽宁海洋经济高质量发展的法治化路径研究          下载免费PDF全文

曲亚囡  刘一祎 《海洋开发与管理》2020,37(3):54-61

2013年我国首次向全世界提出人类命运共同体理念,在全球范围内积极倡导人类命运共同体的构建。东北亚共同体是人类命运共同体的组成部分,是中国打造周边命运共同体的重要助力,同时为辽宁海洋经济的发展带来了机遇和挑战。文章通过分析辽宁海洋经济发展现状,梳理辽宁海洋经济发展的相关法律和政策,发现辽宁海洋经济要实现高质量发展还存在海洋经济供给侧结构性改革、海洋环境综合治理、海洋经济协同发展合作等方面的法律和政策缺失,应当加强海洋经济供给侧结构性改革的立法和政策保障,加快海洋经济协同发展合作和海洋环境综合治理的区域性法律与政策的制定,促进东北亚海洋经济协同发展,共同打造东北亚命运共同体。  相似文献   

春、秋季考洲洋海水质量状况及评价方法初探          下载免费PDF全文

叶冠  王军星  梁浩亮  陈冰玲  钟志强 《海洋开发与管理》2020,37(5):41-45

文章利用2017年11月（秋季）和2018年4月（春季）对惠州考洲洋海域开展的两个航次水环境调查数据,分析了考洲洋海域表层溶解氧（DO）、化学需氧量(COD)、无机氮(DIN)、无机磷(DIP)和石油类（OIL）等典型水质因子的水平分布和季节变化情况。结果表明,秋季溶解氧、化学需氧量、石油类分别在盐洲岛以东附近海域、考洲洋湾顶海域和盐洲岛东南海域出现高值区,而无机氮在整个考洲洋无明显区域分布差异,无机磷含量呈现考洲洋内湾到湾口逐渐递减的趋势;春季化学需氧量、无机磷均在考洲洋湾顶出现高值区域,无机氮在盐洲岛以东附近海域出现高值区,而溶解氧和石油类无明显变化。从季节变化来看,秋季考洲洋海域溶解氧、化学需氧量和石油类平均含量均比春季高;无机氮、无机磷则相反,平均含量秋季低于春季。同时,文章还分别利用单因子和综合因子方法对海水有机污染状况进行评价并对其进行比较分析,结果表明,有机污染评价指数法可充分考虑多种水质因子,更适合对考洲洋水环境质量进行评价,得到较为客观的综合评价结果。  相似文献   

海洋强国战略下涉海大学生海洋领域就业研究          下载免费PDF全文

车淼洁  王睿 《海洋开发与管理》2020,37(11):40-44

当代涉海专业大学生是建设海洋强国、实现国家发展战略的关键接班人和后备军。文章围绕某高校涉海大学生展开调查发现,海洋领域就业意向与专业满意度、家人的态度、实习经历等显著相关;影响择业的主要因素是收入和地域。文章提出,传播海洋强国战略、加强理想信念教育,弘扬海洋精神、培育敬业奉献素质,深化校企合作、拓宽海洋领域实习实践,细化职业规划、精准开展就业指导等途径,有助于培养和输送涉海大学生服务海洋战略、投身海洋重点领域就业。  相似文献   

人民币汇率升值对海洋产业的非对称效应研究          下载免费PDF全文

李宁 《海洋开发与管理》2020,37(6):70-75

文章基于协整分析方法,研究人民币汇率升值对我国海洋产业产生的影响,结果表明：人民币汇率升值会对海洋第一产业产生负向效应,而对海洋第二、第三产业的影响则不显著。选择海洋渔业、海洋旅游业等七大海洋产业,利用VAR模型分析人民币汇率升值对各个海洋产业产生的非对称效应。总体来看,各海洋产业对人民币汇率升值均表现出负向响应,从侧面验证人民币汇率升值对海洋产业结构影响的分析结论。最后提出未来海洋经济发展要关注人民币汇率等政策建议。  相似文献   

高质量发展目标下海洋经济复合系统协调发展研究——以辽宁省为例          下载免费PDF全文

狄乾斌  尚青  於哲 《海洋开发与管理》2020,37(7):62-70

海洋经济复合系统的协调对于实现海洋经济高质量发展具有重要意义。在高质量发展目标和要求下,构建海洋经济复合系统协调发展评价指标体系,文章采用距离型协调度评价模型,以辽宁省为例,计算其2006—2016年海洋经济复合系统的协调度及各子系统之间的协调度,分析影响协调的因素,并利用基尼系数模型对其协调发展进行预警研究。结果表明：①海洋生态子系统仍是实现海洋经济复合系统协调发展的关键环节;②2006-2016年,辽宁省海洋经济复合系统实现了从严重失调到中度协调的转变,这期间复合系统协调度未超出基尼系数警戒值。  相似文献   

海洋陆源性污染联防联控机制的SD仿真分析——基于浙江省的经验证据          下载免费PDF全文

王方  胡求光 《海洋开发与管理》2020,37(11):75-83

随着沿海地区经济的快速发展,海洋陆源性污染日益严重,加强陆海统筹、联防联控治理已迫在眉睫。文章基于系统动力学（SD）,构建系统仿真模型,研究不同的联防联控机制情景对浙江省海洋陆源性污染的影响效应。仿真结果表明：联防联控机制将有效减少浙江省入海陆源废水的排放,但是对GDP影响较弱;相较于维持联防联控机制的实施现状,提高排污标准、技术投入、环境治理投资总额、法律约束力等联防联控三大机制的实施强度对浙江省海洋陆源性污染的治理效应更为显著;不同联防联控机制情景的仿真结果存在一定的差异,技术投入和环境治理投资总额的增加对浙江省海洋陆源性污染的治理效果最为明显。提出：制定更加严格的排污标准,控制陆源污染源头;拓宽环境治理投资和技术投入的支持渠道,提高陆源污染物净化效率;完善联防联控立法,加强联合防治监管能力,强化法律的约束力等建议。  相似文献   

Impact of vehicles on benthic macrofauna on a subtropical sand beach     

Fabio Cavalca Bom  Leonir André Colling 《Marine Ecology》2020,41(4):e12595

Our study aimed to identify possible relationships between the structure of the benthic macrofauna and the intense use of vehicles in Cassino Beach. Physical changes in the sediment were identified, with high compaction in the sector most affected by the vehicles, especially during the summer. The benthic macrofauna was significantly affected by vehicles, with lower densities observed in the most impacted sector, mainly in the summer, unlike the control sector, where higher densities were observed during the pre-summer and summer. We concluded that the vehicle traffic changes the physical environment of the beach and consequently affects the benthic community in the face of this disturbance. We conclude that the benthic macrofauna is highly impacted by vehicle traffic at Cassino Beach, mainly in the period with the highest traffic, and alternatives are needed for this impact, helping to recover this ecosystem.  相似文献   

Spatio-temporal variability of benthic macroalgae in a coral reef system highly influenced by fluvial discharge: Veracruz,Gulf of Mexico     

Guillermo Horta-Puga  José Luis Tello-Musi  Alejandro Córdova  Adriana Gutiérrez-Carrillo  Jhoan Gutiérrez-Martínez  Aura Aletse Morales-Aranda 《Marine Ecology》2020,41(4):e12596

The Veracruz Reef System, in the southern Gulf of Mexico, is a suitable area for the study of the temporal and spatial variability of macroalgae abundance, at reef settings influenced by the fluvial discharge of the Jamapa River, and by human activities in the city and port of Veracruz. With this purpose, the bottom cover of each morpho-functional group of benthic macroalgae (frondoses, turf, and crustose corallines), and hermatypic corals, was determined at ten selected coral reefs, on a seasonal basis (rainy and dry seasons), for the 2009–2015 period. The average cover of benthic macroalgae was high (53.1%), with turf as the dominant morpho-functional group (31.9%), as in several reef ecosystems in the tropical Atlantic, followed by crustose corallines (15.2%), and frondoses (6.1%). Although turf macroalgae is dominant, due to their high temporal and spatial variability, the Veracruz Reef System could not be considered to be in a stable state, but just in an intermediate unstable equilibrium state, which is highly influenced by a high sediment load. As expected, nearshore reefs presented higher macroalgae covers, and unexpectedly, the outer-shelf reefs presented the highest cover of frondoses. Despite fluvial discharge influence, no differences in cover were found between the rainy and dry seasons. There was a negative and significantly correlation between the cover of frondoses and turf, which suggests that the driver/s of the abundance of these macroalgae, act in opposite ways for each group. Three clusters of reefs, defined by community structure and conservation degree, were determined: nearshore or degraded, offshore or moderately conserved, and conserved; and the entire Veracruz Reef System is considered to be in a moderately state of conservation.  相似文献   

Numerical investigation of bore hole filling volume in a coastal area     

《Applied Ocean Research》2019

Tidal energy is a promising way to reduce the carbon fossil energy. Installing tidal converters remains difficult particularly due to the bore hole filling by drill residuals and ambient sediments. To fix this issue, we perform a coupling between a coastal circulation model and a discrete element model, with an application to Alderney Race, and considering spherical particles. The coupled model is firstly described, validated and then used to investigate the parameters controlling the filling volume of monopile and tripod technologies. The results are analysed for different disposition of residuals and initial current direction and intensity. We show that: the distance between the bore hole centre and the residuals is the key parameter controlling the filling by drill residuals; the current direction plays a negligible role in monopile while this distance remains smaller than 20 m; the filling of tripod is strongly influenced by current effects and seabed morphology. Impacts of bed roughness (modelled by steady spherical particles inlaying in the seabed) and ambient sediments are quantified and discussed. Interactions between moving particles and bottom roughness lead to a slight increase of the filling while the impact of ambient sediments strongly depends on seabed morphology and current effects.  相似文献   

Parametric interpolation method for probabilistic fatigue analysis of steel risers     

《Applied Ocean Research》2019

Slender marine structures such as mooring lines and risers are susceptible to failures due to stress variations coming from environmental actions. Wave, wind and current are random phenomena, and consequently the most adequate methodology to estimate the fatigue damage accumulation on these structures is the probabilistic fatigue analysis. In practice, the estimation of fatigue life requires the numerical simulation of a huge number of loading cases to compute the multi-dimensional integral of the total fatigue damage.This paper presents an efficient approach to compute the long-term fatigue damage of marine structures. The proposed method needs only a few number of numerical simulations to estimate the structure fatigue life. It uses a parametric interpolation procedure to evaluate the fatigue damage for any individual short-term condition (sea state) required in the calculation of the multi-dimensional integral. In this way, the total number of short-term structural analyzes is considerably reduced.The effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method is compared to the full direct integration by means of two comprehensive examples. The first studied case is an idealized theoretical model of a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system under wave loading, and the second one is a Steel Catenary Riser (SCR) connected to a FPSO (Floating, Production, Storage and Offloading floating unit).  相似文献